{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:28:20Z","timestamp":1790947700234,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0invasion in Ethiopia poses a risk of increased malaria disease burden in the region. Thus, understanding the insecticide resistance profile and population structure of the recently detected\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephens<\/jats:italic>\n                    i population in Fiq, Ethiopia, is critical to inform vector control to stop the spread of this invasive malaria species in the country. Following entomological surveillance for\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0in Fiq, Somali region, Ethiopia, we confirmed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    morphologically and molecularly in Fiq. Characterization of larval habitats and insecticide susceptibility tests revealed that Fiq\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0is most often found in artificial containers and is resistant to most adult insecticides tested (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids) except for pirimiphos-methyl and PBO-pyrethroids. However, the immature larval stage was susceptible to temephos. Further comparative genomic analyses with previous\n                    <jats:italic>An.<\/jats:italic>\n                    stephensi populations from Ethiopia using 1704 biallelic SNPs revealed genetic relatedness between Fiq\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0and east-central Ethiopia\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0populations, particularly Jigjiga\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our findings of the insecticide resistance profile, coupled with the likely source population of Fiq\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , can inform vector control strategies against this malaria vector in Fiq and Jigjiga to limit further spread out of these two locations to other parts of the country and continent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78072-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T02:06:25Z","timestamp":1731290785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Insecticide resistance and population structure of the invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, from Fiq, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jeanne N.","family":"Samake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Yared","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mussie Abdosh","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zohdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar E.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"78072_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. World malaria report 2022, https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240040496 (2022)."},{"key":"78072_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2811-1","volume":"18","author":"O Kenea","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kenea, O. et al. Impact of combining indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets on Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Malar. J. 18, 182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-019-2811-1 (2019).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05339-y","volume":"15","author":"S Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali, S., Samake, J. N., Spear, J. & Carter, T. E. Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland. Parasit. Vectors 15, 247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-022-05339-y (2022).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"78072_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.001","volume":"188","author":"TE Carter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carter, T. E. et al. First detection of Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 (Diptera: culicidae) in Ethiopia using molecular and morphological approaches. Acta Trop. 188, 180\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.001 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"78072_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.016","volume":"139","author":"MK Faulde","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faulde, M. K., Rueda, L. M. & Khaireh, B. A. First record of the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and its possible role in the resurgence of malaria in Djibouti Horn of Africa. Acta Trop. 139, 39\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.016 (2014).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"78072_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02324-1","volume":"20","author":"A Hamlet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamlet, A. et al. The potential impact of Anopheles stephensi establishment on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in Ethiopia and prospective control measures. BMC Med. 20, 135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-022-02324-1 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"78072_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02641-9","author":"T Emiru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emiru, T. et al. Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa. Nat. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02641-9 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"78072_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05026-4","volume":"14","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed, A., Khogali, R., Elnour, M.-A.B., Nakao, R. & Salim, B. Emergence of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Parasit. Vectors 14, 511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05026-4 (2021).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"78072_CR9","unstructured":"WHO. Malaria Threat Map, https:\/\/apps.who.int\/malaria\/maps\/threats\/?theme=invasive&mapType=invasive (2023)."},{"key":"78072_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Assada, M. et al. Molecular confirmation of Anopheles stephensi in the Al Hudaydah Governorate, Yemen, 2021\u20132022. bioRxiv, 2024.2002.2022.577782 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.02.22.577782","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.22.577782"},{"key":"78072_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04427-9","volume":"22","author":"R Allan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allan, R. et al. Confirmation of the presence of Anopheles stephensi among internally displaced people\u2019s camps and host communities in Aden city, Yemen. Malar. J. 22, 1\u20138 (2023).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2912.230637","volume":"29","author":"EO Ochomo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ochomo, E. O. et al. Detection of Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes by Molecular Surveillance, Kenya. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 29, 2498 (2023).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"78072_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afrane, Y. A. et al. First detection of Anopheles stephensi in Ghana using molecular surveillance. Biorxiv, 2023.2012. 2001.569589 (2023).","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.01.569589"},{"key":"78072_CR14","unstructured":"WHO. WHO launches new initiative to stop the spread of invasive malaria vector in Africa, https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/feature-stories\/detail\/mosquito-on-the-move (2022)."},{"key":"78072_CR15","unstructured":"WHO. Vector alert: Anopheles stephensi invasion and spread in Africa and Sri Lanka, https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/365710\/9789240067714-eng.pdf?sequence=1 (2022)."},{"key":"78072_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3904-y","author":"M Balkew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balkew, M. et al. Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia. Parasit. Vectors https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-3904-y (2020).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"78072_CR17","unstructured":"PMI. PMI VectorLink Ethiopia Project final entomology report April 2021-March 2022, https:\/\/d1u4sg1s9ptc4z.cloudfront.net\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Entomological-Monitoring-Report-Ethiopia-2022.pdf (2022)."},{"key":"78072_CR18","unstructured":"Ethiopia Malaria Profile. 5 (U.S. President\u2019s Malaria Initiative, 2023)."},{"key":"78072_CR19","unstructured":"WHO. (2009)."},{"key":"78072_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-3144-9","volume":"19","author":"M Coetzee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coetzee, M. Key to the females of Afrotropical Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Malar. J. 19, 70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-020-3144-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05097-3","volume":"14","author":"TE Carter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carter, T. E. et al. Genetic diversity of Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia provides insight into patterns of spread. Parasit. Vectors 14, 602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05097-3 (2021).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"78072_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13512","volume":"12","author":"D Edler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. raxmlGUI 2.0: A graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods Ecol. Evol. 12, 373\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.13512 (2021).","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"78072_CR23","unstructured":"Rambaut, A. FigTree. Tree figure drawing tool. http:\/\/tree.bio.ed.ac.uk\/software\/figtree\/ (2009)."},{"key":"78072_CR24","unstructured":"WHO. Standard operating procedure for testing insecticide susceptibility of adult mosquitoes in WHO tube tests, https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/352316\/9789240043831-eng.pdf?sequence=1 (2022)."},{"key":"78072_CR25","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides, https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/69101\/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2005.13.pdf?sequence=1 (2005)."},{"key":"78072_CR26","unstructured":"WHO. Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides, https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/69615 (1981)."},{"key":"78072_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105235","volume":"99","author":"JN Samake","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samake, J. N. et al. Detection and population genetic analysis of kdr L1014F variant in eastern Ethiopian Anopheles stephensi. Infect. Genet. Evolut. 99, 105235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105235 (2022).","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evolut."},{"key":"78072_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-59","volume":"10","author":"OP Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh, O. P., Dykes, C. L., Lather, M., Agrawal, O. P. & Adak, T. Knockdown resistance (kdr)-like mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of a malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and PCR assays for their detection. Malar. J. 10, 59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-10-59 (2011).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17136","volume":"32","author":"JN Samake","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samake, J. N. et al. Population genomic analyses reveal population structure and major hubs of invasive Anopheles stephensi in the Horn of Africa. Mol. Ecol. 32, 5695\u20135708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.17136 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"78072_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5364","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13402","volume":"24","author":"P Lavretsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lavretsky, P. et al. Speciation genomics and a role for the Z chromosome in the early stages of divergence between Mexican ducks and mallards. Mol. Ecol. 24, 5364\u20135378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.13402 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"78072_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15343","volume":"29","author":"P Lavretsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lavretsky, P. et al. Assessing changes in genomic divergence following a century of human-mediated secondary contact among wild and captive-bred ducks. Mol. Ecol. 29, 578\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.15343 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"78072_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M. & Usadel, B. Trimmomatic: A flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30, 2114\u20132120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"78072_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10231","volume":"475","author":"H Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, H. & Durbin, R. Inference of human population history from individual whole-genome sequences. Nature 475, 493\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10231 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"78072_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01314-2","volume":"20","author":"M Chakraborty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chakraborty, M. et al. Author correction: Hidden genomic features of an invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, revealed by a chromosome-level genome assembly. BMC Biol. 20, 96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12915-022-01314-2 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"78072_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr509","volume":"27","author":"H Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, H. A statistical framework for SNP calling, mutation discovery, association mapping and population genetical parameter estimation from sequencing data. Bioinformatics 27, 2987\u20132993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr509 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"78072_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell, S. et al. PLINK: A tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 81, 559\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/519795 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"78072_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wickham, H. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis (Springer-Verlag, 2016)."},{"key":"78072_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","volume":"19","author":"DH Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander, D. H., Novembre, J. & Lange, K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome. Res. 19, 1655\u20131664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.094052.109 (2009).","journal-title":"Genome. Res."},{"key":"78072_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-009-9166-3","volume":"21","author":"H Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou, H., Alexander, D. & Lange, K. A quasi-Newton acceleration for high-dimensional optimization algorithms. Stat. Comput. 21, 261\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11222-009-9166-3 (2011).","journal-title":"Stat. Comput."},{"key":"78072_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu136","volume":"31","author":"B Pfeifer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pfeifer, B., Wittelsb\u00fcrger, U., Ramos-Onsins, S. E. & Lercher, M. J. PopGenome: An efficient Swiss army knife for population genomic analyses in R. Mol. Biol. Evol. 31, 1929\u20131936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msu136 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"78072_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12290","volume":"15","author":"M Kivel\u00e4","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kivel\u00e4, M., Arnaud-Haond, S. & Saram\u00e4ki, J. EDENetworks: A user-friendly software to build and analyse networks in biogeography, ecology and population genetics. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 15, 117\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1755-0998.12290 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"78072_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/105.3.767","volume":"105","author":"J Reynolds","year":"1983","unstructured":"Reynolds, J., Weir, B. S. & Cockerham, C. C. Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance. Genetics 105, 767\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/genetics\/105.3.767 (1983).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"78072_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/comnet\/cnu016","volume":"2","author":"M Kivel\u00e4","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kivel\u00e4, M. et al. Multilayer networks. J. Complex Netw. 2, 203\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/comnet\/cnu016 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Complex Netw."},{"key":"78072_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.585","volume":"123","author":"F Tajima","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tajima, F. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123, 585\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.585 (1989).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"78072_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3904-y","volume":"13","author":"M Balkew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balkew, M. et al. Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia. Parasit. Vectors 13, 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-3904-y (2020).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"78072_CR46","first-page":"85","volume":"48","author":"O Kenea","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kenea, O., Balkew, M. & Gebre-Michael, T. Environmental factors associated with larval habitats of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in irrigation and major drainage areas in the middle course of the Rift Valley, central Ethiopia. J. Vector Borne Dis. 48, 85\u201392 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"78072_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6726622","volume":"2021","author":"F Adugna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adugna, F., Wale, M. & Nibret, E. Review of Anopheles mosquito species, abundance, and distribution in Ethiopia. J. Trop. Med. 2021, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6726622 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"78072_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ochomo, E. O. et al. Molecular surveillance leads to the first detection of Anopheles stephensi in Kenya (Research Square Platform LLC, 2023).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2498485\/v1"},{"key":"78072_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.10.020","volume":"130","author":"M Choua\u00efbou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choua\u00efbou, M., Zivanovic, G. B., Knox, T. B., Jamet, H. P. & Bonfoh, B. Synergist bioassays: A simple method for initial metabolic resistance investigation of field Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations. Acta Trop. 130, 108\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.10.020 (2014).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"78072_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000354","volume":"3","author":"C Pasay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pasay, C. et al. The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to Pyrethroid Acaricides. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 3, e354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000354 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"78072_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03801-3","author":"M Balkew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balkew, M. et al. An update on the distribution, bionomics, and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia, 2018\u20132020. Malar. J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03801-3 (2021).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04320-5","volume":"21","author":"M Muhammed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muhammed, M. et al. Insecticidal effects of some selected plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi (Culicidae: Diptera). Malar. J. 21, 295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04320-5 (2022).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04475-9","author":"A Teshome","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teshome, A. et al. Laboratory-based efficacy evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and temephos larvicides against larvae of Anopheles stephensi in ethiopia. Malar. J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04475-9 (2023).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03801-3","volume":"20","author":"M Balkew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balkew, M. et al. An update on the distribution, bionomics, and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia, 2018\u20132020. Malar. J. 20, 263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03801-3 (2021).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"78072_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27439-0","author":"J Ahn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahn, J., Sinka, M., Irish, S. & Zohdy, S. Modeling marine cargo traffic to identify countries in Africa with greatest risk of invasion by Anopheles stephensi. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-27439-0 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"78072_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4030101","volume":"4","author":"SE Ammar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ammar, S. E. et al. Intercepted mosquitoes at New Zealand\u2019s ports of entry, 2001 to 2018: Current status and future concerns. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 4, 101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed4030101 (2019).","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"78072_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.x","volume":"46","author":"PE Hulme","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hulme, P. E. Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. J. Appl. Ecol. 46, 10\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.x (2009).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"78072_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05413-5","volume":"15","author":"T Swan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swan, T. et al. A literature review of dispersal pathways of Aedes albopictus across different spatial scales: implications for vector surveillance. Parasit. Vectors 15, 303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-022-05413-5 (2022).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78072-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78072-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78072-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T07:13:32Z","timestamp":1731654812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78072-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["78072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-78072-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.08.21.609030","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author(s) declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}],"article-number":"27516"}}