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For the OPF problem under three objective functions, the SAR offers a straightforward and reliable solution. The three objective functions are used to minimize the fuel cost, power loss and voltage deviation as a single objective function. The OPF problem for benchmark test system, including the IEEE-14 bus, IEEE-30 bus, and IEEE-57 bus, are solved by the Search and Rescue algorithm (SAR) under specific objective functions that are determined by the operational and economic performance indices of the power system. To demonstrate the efficacy and possibilities of the SAR algorithm, SAR is contrasted with alternative optimization techniques such as harmony search algorithm, gradient method, adaptive genetic algorithm, biogeography-based optimization, Artificial bee colony, gravitational search algorithm, particle swarm optimization, Jaya algorithm, enhanced genetic algorithm, modified shuffle frog leaping algorithm, practical swarm optimizer, Moth flam optimizer, whale and moth flam optimizer, grey wolf optimizer, cheap optimization algorithm and differential evolution algorithm. The value of minimum power losses based on SAR technique is equal to 0.459733441487247\u00a0MW for IEEE-14 bus. The value of minimum total fuel cost based on SAR technique is equal to 8051.12225602148 $\/h for IEEE-14 bus. The value of minimum voltage deviation based on SAR technique is equal to 0.0357680148269292 for IEEE-14 bus. The value of minimum power losses based on SAR technique is equal to 2.71286428848434\u00a0MW for IEEE-30 bus. The value of minimum total fuel cost based on SAR technique is equal to 798.197578585806 $\/h for IEEE-30 bus. The value of minimum voltage deviation based on SAR technique is equal to 0.0978069572088536 for IEEE-30 bus. The value of minimum total fuel cost based on SAR technique is equal to 38017.7691758245 $\/h for IEEE-57 bus. The acquired results for the OPF compared to all competitor algorithms in every case of fitness function demonstrate the superiority of the SAR method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78086-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T05:24:43Z","timestamp":1731821083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Optimum solution of power flow problem based on search and rescue algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Essam H.","family":"Houssein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa A. 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