{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:34:01Z","timestamp":1773038041178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","award":["SHDC2020CR3070B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR3070B"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62133009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62133009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78470-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:54:11Z","timestamp":1739861651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Autonomous surgical planning of mandibular angle reduction based on anatomical landmarks and osteotomy plane detection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhenggang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yichi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junlei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"78470_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000135904.40986.F8","volume":"114","author":"H Jin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jin, H. & Kim, B. G. Mandibular angle reduction versus mandible reduction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 114 (5), 1263\u20131269 (2004).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"78470_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keyhan, S. O. & Poorian, B. Commentary on computer-assisted orthognathic surgery. Integr. Procedures Fac. Cosmetic Surg. 853\u2013855. (2021).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46993-1_68"},{"issue":"8","key":"78470_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.01.025","volume":"70","author":"R Lei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lei, R. et al. A modified intraoral and extraoral approach osteotomy for the prominent mandibular angle. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg.  70(8), 1091\u20131100 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"issue":"6S","key":"78470_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001372","volume":"81","author":"H Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, H., Sun, J. & Wang, J. Reducing prominent mandibular angle osteotomy complications: 10-year retrospective review. Ann. Plast. Surg. 81 (6S), S5\u2013S9 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"78470_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-0914-z","volume":"41","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao, Y. et al. The application of 3D printing technology for simultaneous orthognathic surgery and mandibular contour osteoplasty in the treatment of craniofacial deformities. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 41, 1413\u20131424 (2017).","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"78470_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, L., Fan, B., Yu, Z., Xu, L. & Wei, M. Application of computer-assisted navigation in mandibular angle osteotomy. J. Int. Med. Res., 47(7). (2019).","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519850722"},{"key":"78470_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.719985","volume":"8","author":"R Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, R. et al. Development and application of digital maxillofacial surgery system based on mixed reality technology. Front. Surg. 8, 737 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"78470_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, M., Lin, L., Chen, X., Xu, C. & Chai, G. Robot-assisted mandibular angle osteotomy using electromagnetic navigation. Annals. Transl. Med., 9(7), 567 .","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-6305"},{"issue":"12","key":"78470_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-022-02748-3","volume":"17","author":"Y Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, Y. et al. Design and implementation of a surgical planning system for robotic assisted mandible reconstruction with fibula free flap. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 17 (12), 2291\u20132303 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"issue":"03","key":"78470_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2015.42.3.267","volume":"42","author":"JW Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi, J. W. & Kim, N. Clinical application of three-dimensional printing technology in craniofacial plastic surgery. Archives Plast. Surg. 42 (03), 267\u2013277 (2015).","journal-title":"Archives Plast. Surg."},{"key":"78470_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-019-02095-w","volume":"15","author":"J Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu, J. et al. An approach to automated measuring morphological parameters of proximal femora on three-dimensional models. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 15, 109\u2013118 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"78470_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02698-2","volume":"46","author":"X Qiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiu, X. et al. Assessment of an artificial intelligence mandibular osteotomy design system: A retrospective study. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 46 (3), 1303\u20131313 (2022).","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"78470_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.03.018","volume":"71","author":"M Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu, M. et al. Does intraoperative navigation improve the accuracy of mandibular angle osteotomy: Comparison between augmented reality navigation, individualised templates and free-hand techniques. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg. 71 (8), 1188\u20131195 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg."},{"key":"78470_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, N. L., HuZhu, S. Y. & WenliHu, Y. L. Jing. The accuracy of computer image-guided template for mandibular angle ostectomy. Aesthetic Plast. Surg., 39(1). (2015).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-014-0424-1"},{"issue":"7","key":"78470_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.06.008","volume":"56","author":"D He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He, D., Du, W., Li, J., Liu, L. & Luo, E. Clinical feasibility and efficiency of a 3-dimensional printed surgical template for mandibular angle osteotomy and mandibular angle splitting osteotomy. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 56 (7), 594\u2013599 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"78470_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.07.026","volume":"46","author":"C Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Application of the 3D digital ostectomy template (DOT) in mandibular angle ostectomy (MAO). J. Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg. 46 (10), 1821\u20131827 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"78470_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.10.024","volume":"44","author":"L Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin, L. et al. Mandibular angle split osteotomy based on a novel augmented reality navigation using specialized robot-assisted arms\u2014A feasibility study. J. Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg. 44 (2), 215\u2013223 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"78470_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005587","volume":"31","author":"M Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun, M., Chai, Y., Chai, G. & Zheng, X. Fully automatic robot-assisted surgery for mandibular angle split osteotomy. J. Craniofac. Surg. 31 (2), 336\u2013339 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"78470_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-015-1173-6","volume":"10","author":"A Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Kharbanda, O. P., Sardana, V., Balachandran, R. & Sardana, H. K. A knowledge-based algorithm for automatic detection of cephalometric landmarks on CBCT images. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 10, 1737\u20131752 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"78470_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170054","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170054","volume":"47","author":"BC Neelapu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neelapu, B. C. et al. Automatic localization of three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks on CBCT images by extracting symmetry features of the skull. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 47 (2), 20170054 (2018).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"78470_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01681-2","volume":"29","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Automated localization of mandibular landmarks in the construction of mandibular median sagittal plane. Eur. J. Med. Res. 29 (1), 84 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"78470_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11040318","volume":"11","author":"HJ Ahn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahn, H. J. et al. A comparative analysis of artificial intelligence and manual methods for three-dimensional anatomical landmark identification in dentofacial treatment planning. Bioengineering. 11 (4), 318 (2024).","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"10","key":"78470_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2022.3174513","volume":"41","author":"Y Lang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lang, Y. et al. Localization of Craniomaxillofacial landmarks on CBCT images using 3D mask R-CNN and local dependency learning. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. 41 (10), 2856\u20132866 (2022).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"78470_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. SkullEngine: A Multi-stage CNN framework for collaborative CBCT image segmentation and landmark detection. In Machine Learning in Medical Imaging. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (eds Lian, C. et al.) Vol. 12966. (Springer, Cham, 2021).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-87589-3_62"},{"key":"78470_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashimoto, D. A. R. & GuyRus, DanielaMeireles, Ozanan, R. Artificial intelligence in surgery: promises and perils. Ann. Surg., 268(1). (2018).","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-900000000-95243"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78470-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78470-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78470-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:54:19Z","timestamp":1739861659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-78470-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["78470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-78470-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"5842"}}