{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:10:56Z","timestamp":1793481056508,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["V109C-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V109C-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["V110C-115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V110C-115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST-110-2314-B075-080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-110-2314-B075-080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79226-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T08:53:33Z","timestamp":1732006413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["House dust mites stimulate thymic stromal lymphopoietin production in human bronchial epithelial cells and promote airway remodeling through activation of PAR2 and ERK signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yi-An","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Han","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Kuo","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Luen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diahn-Warng","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang-Cheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"79226_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00191","volume":"7","author":"KP Hough","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hough, K. P. et al. Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 7, 191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00191 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"79226_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2147\/Jaa.S267222","volume":"15","author":"C Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph, C. & Tatler, A. L. Pathobiology of Airway Remodeling in Asthma: the emerging role of Integrins. J. Asthma Allergy. 15, 595\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/Jaa.S267222 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"79226_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15473","volume":"77","author":"G Varricchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varricchi, G. et al. Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma. Allergy. 77, 3538\u20133552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.15473 (2022).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"79226_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.3.268","volume":"54","author":"N Pearce","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pearce, N., Pekkanen, J. & Beasley, R. How much asthma is really attributable to atopy? Thorax. 54, 268\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.54.3.268 (1999).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"79226_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534501","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.534501","volume":"11","author":"A Abu Khweek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abu Khweek, A., Kim, E., Joldrichsen, M. R., Amer, A. O. & Boyaka, P. N. Insights into Mucosal Innate Immune responses in House Dust mite-mediated allergic asthma. Front. Immunol. 11, 534501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.534501 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637948","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.637948","volume":"12","author":"B Leon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leon, B. & Ballesteros-Tato, A. Modulating Th2 cell immunity for the treatment of Asthma. Front. Immunol. 12, 637948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.637948 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33311-1","volume":"391","author":"A Papi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papi, A., Brightling, C., Pedersen, S. E., Reddel, H. K. & Asthma Lancet 391, 783\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33311-1 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"79226_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071368","volume":"18","author":"M Reithofer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reithofer, M. & Jahn-Schmid, B. Allergens with protease activity from House Dust mites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, 1368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18071368 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"79226_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.02.018","volume":"109","author":"B Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. Dust mite-derived Der f 3 activates a pro-inflammatory program in airway epithelial cells via PAR-1 and PAR-2. Mol. Immunol. 109, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.02.018 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14526","volume":"75","author":"HY Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong, H. Y., Liao, S. M., Chen, F. H., Yang, Q. T. & Wang, D. Y. Role of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP in triggering united airway diseases toward type 2 inflammation. Allergy. 75, 2794\u20132804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.14526 (2020).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"79226_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00147","volume":"6","author":"VD Gandhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gandhi, V. D. & Vliagoftis, H. Airway epithelium interactions with aeroallergens: role of secreted cytokines and chemokines in innate immunity. Front. Immunol. 6, 147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00147 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954990","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.954990","volume":"9","author":"VD Gandhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gandhi, V. D., Palikhe, N. S. & Vliagoftis, H. Protease-activated receptor-2: role in asthma pathogenesis and utility as a biomarker of disease severity. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 9, 954990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.954990 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"79226_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13313","volume":"73","author":"M Asaduzzaman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asaduzzaman, M. et al. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 blockade inhibits changes seen in a chronic murine asthma model. Allergy. 73, 416\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.13313 (2018).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"79226_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.119025","volume":"108","author":"DA Knight","year":"2001","unstructured":"Knight, D. A. et al. Protease-activated receptors in human airways: upregulation of PAR-2 in respiratory epithelium from patients with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108, 797\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mai.2001.119025 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/01902148.2019.1646841","volume":"45","author":"LM Cai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cai, L. M. et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induced early stage of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells through upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1. Exp. Lung Res. 45, 221\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01902148.2019.1646841 (2019).","journal-title":"Exp. Lung Res."},{"key":"79226_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.031","volume":"129","author":"A Shikotra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shikotra, A. et al. Increased expression of immunoreactive thymic stromal lymphopoietin in patients with severe asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 129, 104\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.031 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8183","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8183","volume":"174","author":"S Ying","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ying, S. et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression is increased in asthmatic airways and correlates with expression of TH2-attracting chemokines and disease severity. J. Immunol. 174, 8183\u20138190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8183 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701455","volume":"200","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Elevated expression of IL-33 and TSLP in the airways of human asthmatics in vivo: a potential biomarker of severe refractory disease. J. Immunol. 200, 2253\u20132262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1701455 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86179-1","volume":"11","author":"HK Ko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko, H. K. et al. Blood tryptase and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels predict the risk of exacerbation in severe asthma. Sci. Rep. 11, 8425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-86179-1 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"79226_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2147\/Jaa.S275039","volume":"15","author":"JR Parnes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parnes, J. R. et al. Targeting TSLP in Asthma. J. Asthma Allergy. 15, 749\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/Jaa.S275039 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"79226_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.10.016","volume":"24","author":"YC Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, Y. C. et al. The roles of transforming growth factor-beta(1) and vascular endothelial growth factor in the tracheal granulation formation. Pulm Pharmacol. Ther. 24, 23\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.10.016 (2011).","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"79226_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0068OC","volume":"34","author":"DW Perng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Perng, D. W. et al. Leukotriene C4 induces TGF-beta1 production in airway epithelium via p38 kinase pathway. Am. J. Respir Cell. Mol. Biol. 34, 101\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0068OC (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"79226_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paw, M. et al. Responsiveness of human bronchial fibroblasts and epithelial cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors to the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 in epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit model. Bmc Mol. Cell. Biol. 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12860-021-00356-8 (2021).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-021-00356-8"},{"key":"79226_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reeves, S. R. et al. Fibroblast gene expression following asthmatic bronchial epithelial cell conditioning correlates with epithelial donor lung function and exacerbation history. Sci. Rep. 8 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-34021-6 (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34021-6"},{"key":"79226_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mazio, C. et al. A functional 3D full-thickness model for comprehending the interaction between airway epithelium and connective tissue in cystic fibrosis. Biomaterials. 308 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122546 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122546"},{"key":"79226_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071105","volume":"11","author":"CE Whetstone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Whetstone, C. E., Ranjbar, M., Omer, H., Cusack, R. P. & Gauvreau, G. M. The role of Airway Epithelial Cell alarmins in Asthma. Cells. 11, 1105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11071105 (2022).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"79226_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8907","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238907","volume":"21","author":"J Calv\u00e9n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calv\u00e9n, J., Ax, E. & R\u00e5dinger, M. The Airway Epithelium-A Central Player in Asthma Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 8907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21238907 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"79226_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557433","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.557433","volume":"12","author":"YJ Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Y. J., Yu, S. J., Tsai, J. J., Yu, C. H. & Liao, E. C. Antagonism of protease activated Receptor-2 by GB88 reduces inflammation triggered by protease allergen Tyr-p3. Front. Immunol. 12, 557433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.557433 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900904","volume":"183","author":"H Kouzaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kouzaki, H., O\u2019Grady, S. M., Lawrence, C. B. & Kita, H. Proteases induce production of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin by Airway Epithelial Cells through protease-activated Receptor-2. J. Immunol. 183, 1427\u20131434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0900904 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"79226_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13985","volume":"75","author":"E Sze","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sze, E., Bhalla, A. & Nair, P. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for non-T2 asthma. Allergy. 75, 311\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.13985 (2020).","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"79226_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Post, S. et al. Protease-activated Receptor-2 activation contributes to House Dust Mite-Induced IgE responses in mice. Plos One. 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0091206 (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091206"},{"key":"79226_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167079","volume":"1870","author":"X Ouyang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ouyang, X. et al. House dust mite allergens induce ca(2+) signalling and alarmin responses in asthma airway epithelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1870, 167079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167079 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"79226_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/01902148.2018.1536175","volume":"44","author":"L Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao, L. et al. TSLP promotes asthmatic airway remodeling via p38-STAT3 signaling pathway in human lung fibroblast. Exp. Lung Res. 44, 288\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01902148.2018.1536175 (2018).","journal-title":"Exp. Lung Res."},{"key":"79226_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.2926","volume":"31","author":"J Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, J. et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes asthmatic airway remodelling in human lung fibroblast cells through STAT3 signalling pathway. Cell. Biochem. Funct. 31, 496\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbf.2926 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell. Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"79226_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2021.119083","volume":"1868","author":"A Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin, A. et al. TSLP-induced collagen type-I synthesis through STAT3 and PRMT1 is sensitive to calcitriol in human lung fibroblasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res. 1868, 119083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2021.119083 (2021).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res."},{"key":"79226_CR36","first-page":"395","volume":"79","author":"SL Zhang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhang, S. L., Smartt, H., Holgate, S. T. & Roche, W. R. Growth factors secreted by bronchial epithelial cells control myofibroblast proliferation: an in vitro co-culture model of airway remodeling in asthma. Lab. Invest. 79, 395\u2013405 (1999).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79226-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79226-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79226-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T13:05:01Z","timestamp":1732280701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79226-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["79226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-79226-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital (ID 2019-08-004B).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"28649"}}