{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:02:42Z","timestamp":1793134962722,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R&D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2023C03101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C03101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFC3602000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3602000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Spring City Plan: the High-level Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming","award":["2022SCP002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP002"]}]},{"name":"the Spring City Plan: the High-level Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming","award":["2022SCP002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79486-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T11:40:30Z","timestamp":1731670830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Early prediction of acute-on-chronic liver failure development in patients with diverse chronic liver diseases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuqiang","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengfen","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanna","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-ling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"79486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314641","volume":"67","author":"T Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu, T. et al. Development of diagnostic criteria and a prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gut. 67, 2181\u20132191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314641 (2018).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"79486_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i2.232","volume":"29","author":"NLY Ngu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ngu, N. L. Y., Flanagan, E., Bell, S. & Le, S. T. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: controversies and consensus. World J. Gastroenterol. 29, 232\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v29.i2.232 (2023).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"79486_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09946-3","volume":"13","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarin, S. K. et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update. Hepatol. Int. 13, 353\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-019-09946-3 (2019).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"79486_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0631","volume":"20","author":"R Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, R., Mehta, G. & Jalan, R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure. Clin. Med. (Lond). 20, 501\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0631 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Med. (Lond)"},{"key":"79486_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030336","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1030336","volume":"9","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, X., Zhang, L., Pu, C. & Tang, S. Liver transplantation in Acute-on-chronic liver failure: timing of transplantation and selection of patient population. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 9, 1030336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1030336 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"79486_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10108","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10108","volume":"35","author":"MS Schulz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schulz, M. S., Gu, W., Schnitzbauer, A. A. & Trebicka, J. Liver transplantation as a cornerstone treatment for Acute-On-Chronic Liver failure. Transpl. Int. 35, 10108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ti.2022.10108 (2022).","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"79486_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312670","volume":"66","author":"R Hernaez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hernaez, R., Sola, E., Moreau, R. & Gines, P. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: an update. Gut. 66, 541\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312670 (2017).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"79486_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12125","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i42.12125","volume":"21","author":"S Blasco-Algora","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blasco-Algora, S., Masegosa-Ataz, J., Gutierrez-Garcia, M. L., Alonso-Lopez, S. & Fernandez-Rodriguez, C. M. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and management. World J. Gastroenterol. 21, 12125\u201312140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v21.i42.12125 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"79486_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v14.i12.2025","volume":"14","author":"E Rashed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rashed, E., Soldera, J.\u00a0 CLIF-SOFA CLIF-C scores for the prognostication of acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute decompensation of cirrhosis: a systematic review. World J. Hepatol. 14, 2025\u20132043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v14.i12.2025 (2022).","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9857","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9857","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Nie, Y., Liu, L. & Zhu, X. Assessing the prognostic scores for the prediction of the mortality of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a retrospective study. PeerJ. 8, e9857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.9857 (2020).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"79486_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01826-y","volume":"22","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. A new dyslipidemia-based scoring model to predict transplant-free survival in patients with hepatitis E-triggered acute-on-chronic liver failure. Lipids Health Dis. 22, 80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-023-01826-y (2023).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"79486_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59670-4","volume":"10","author":"Q Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Noninvasive models for predicting poor prognosis of chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection. Sci. Rep. 10, 2753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-59670-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"79486_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10060-y","volume":"14","author":"KY Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao, K. Y. et al. Models for acute on chronic liver failure development and mortality in a veterans affairs cohort. Hepatol. Int. 14, 587\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-020-10060-y (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"79486_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25487","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25487","volume":"6","author":"H Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis of Acute-on-chronic liver failure in Cirrhosis Associated to Hepatitis B. Sci. Rep. 6, 25487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep25487 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"79486_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910549","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.910549","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. et al. Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation increased the risk of developing hepatic failure and mortality in cirrhosis with Acute Exacerbation. Front. Microbiol. 13, 910549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.910549 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"79486_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3988-1","volume":"19","author":"JH Lei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lei, J. H., Peng, F., Chen, Z. & Xiao, X. Q. Is HBV viral load at admission associated with the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with acute decompensation of chronic hepatitis B related cirrhosis. BMC Infect. Dis. 19, 363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3988-1 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"79486_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02371-1","volume":"22","author":"N Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, N., He, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, F. & Tian, Z. Prognostic value of plasma level of superoxide dismutase in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. BMC Gastroenterol. 22, 312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02371-1 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"79486_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100529","volume":"4","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, T. et al. Role of precipitants in the transition of acute decompensation to acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. JHEP Rep. 4, 100529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100529 (2022).","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"79486_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.03.016","volume":"21","author":"J Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo, J. et al. Predicting the Onset of Hepatitis B Virus-related Acute-on-chronic liver failure. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21, 681\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.03.016 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.013","volume":"73","author":"J Trebicka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trebicka, J. et al. The PREDICT study uncovers three clinical courses of acutely decompensated cirrhosis that have distinct pathophysiology. J. Hepatol. 73, 842\u2013854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.013 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14328","volume":"40","author":"N Mahmud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahmud, N., Hubbard, R. A., Kaplan, D. E., Taddei, T. H. & Goldberg, D. S. Risk prediction scores for acute on chronic liver failure development and mortality. Liver Int. 40, 1159\u20131167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14328 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"79486_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.012","volume":"62","author":"R Jalan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jalan, R. et al. The CLIF Consortium Acute Decompensation score (CLIF-C ADs) for prognosis of hospitalized cirrhotic patients without acute-on-chronic liver failure. J. Hepatol. 62, 831\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.012 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.12126","volume":"318","author":"AC Alba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alba, A. C. et al. Discrimination and calibration of clinical prediction models: users\u2019 guides to the Medical Literature. JAMA. 318, 1377\u20131384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.12126 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"79486_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.026","volume":"75","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Development and validation of a new prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. J. Hepatol. 75, 1104\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.026 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6370","volume":"34","author":"L Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang, L., Chen, W., Petrick, N. A. & Gallas, B. D. Comparing two correlated C indices with right-censored survival outcome: a one-shot nonparametric approach. Stat. Med. 34, 685\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.6370 (2015).","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"79486_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c30fb2","volume":"21","author":"EW Steyerberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Steyerberg, E. W. et al. Assessing the performance of prediction models: a framework for traditional and novel measures. Epidemiology. 21, 128\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c30fb2 (2010).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"79486_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314240","volume":"67","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fernandez, J. et al. Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: prevalence, characteristics, and impact on prognosis. Gut. 67, 1870\u20131880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314240 (2018).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"79486_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.046","volume":"74","author":"F Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong, F. et al. Clinical features and evolution of bacterial infection-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. J. Hepatol. 74, 330\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.046 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"79486_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.029","volume":"75","author":"S Van der Merwe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van der Merwe, S., Chokshi, S., Bernsmeier, C. & Albillos, A. The multifactorial mechanisms of bacterial infection in decompensated cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 75 (Suppl 1), S82\u2013S100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.029 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.09.005","volume":"78","author":"A Zanetto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zanetto, A. et al. Severity of systemic inflammation is the main predictor of ACLF and bleeding in individuals with acutely decompensated cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 78, 301\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.09.005 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13568","volume":"38","author":"MM Mucke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mucke, M. M. et al. Bacterial infection-triggered acute-on-chronic liver failure is associated with increased mortality. Liver Int. 38, 645\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.13568 (2018).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"79486_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casulleras, M., Zhang, I. W., Lopez-Vicario, C., Claria, J.  Leukocytes, Systemic inflammation and immunopathology in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Cells 9(12), 2632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9122632 (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122632"},{"key":"79486_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21737","volume":"46","author":"RP Mookerjee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mookerjee, R. P. et al. Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts the outcome. Hepatology. 46, 831\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21737 (2007).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"79486_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12886","volume":"40","author":"NJ Taylor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taylor, N. J. et al. The severity of circulating neutrophil dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis is associated with 90-day and 1-year mortality. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 40, 705\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12886 (2014).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"79486_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.008","volume":"67","author":"S Piano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Piano, S. et al. Incidence, predictors and outcomes of acute-on-chronic liver failure in outpatients with cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 67, 1177\u20131184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.008 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weil, D. et al. Prognosis of cirrhotic patients admitted to intensive care unit: a meta-analysis. Ann. Intensive Care. 7 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-017-0249-6 (2017).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0249-6"},{"key":"79486_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25735","volume":"57","author":"JM Belcher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Belcher, J. M. et al. Association of AKI with mortality and complications in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 57, 753\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.25735 (2013).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"79486_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wong, F. et al. A new consensus definition of acute kidney injury accurately predicts 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and infection. Gastroenterology 145, 1280\u20131288 e1281, doi: (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.051","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.051"},{"key":"79486_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scharf, R. E. Thrombocytopenia and hemostatic changes in Acute and Chronic Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Laboratory features, and Management. J. Clin. Med. 10 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10071530 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071530"},{"key":"79486_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10363-2","volume":"16","author":"H Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, H. et al. A prognostic model of acute-on-chronic liver failure based on Sarcopenia. Hepatol. Int. 16, 964\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-022-10363-2 (2022).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"79486_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064379","volume":"8","author":"Q Xia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xia, Q. et al. A modified MELD model for Chinese pre-ACLF and ACLF patients and it reveals poor prognosis in pre-ACLF patients. PLoS One. 8, e64379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064379 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"79486_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8186","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i23.8186","volume":"10","author":"QX Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye, Q. X. et al. Short-term prognostic factors for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. World J. Clin. Cases. 10, 8186\u20138195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i23.8186 (2022).","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"79486_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14229","volume":"40","author":"B Scheiner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scheiner, B. et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for anemia in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. Liver Int. 40, 194\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14229 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"79486_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G9","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00050.2020","volume":"323","author":"C Mei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mei, C. et al. Increased suicidal erythrocyte death in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 323, G9\u2013G20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00050.2020 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"79486_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.007","volume":"53","author":"NM Khan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khan, N. M. & Poduval, T. B. Bilirubin augments radiation injury and leads to increased infection and mortality in mice: molecular mechanisms. Free Radic Biol. Med. 53, 1152\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.007 (2012).","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol. Med."},{"key":"79486_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27338","volume":"61","author":"E Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang, E. et al. Conjugated bilirubin triggers anemia by inducing erythrocyte death. Hepatology. 61, 275\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27338 (2015).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"79486_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.07.005","volume":"1","author":"G Zaccherini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaccherini, G. et al. Prediction of nosocomial acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with cirrhosis admitted to hospital with acute decompensation. JHEP Rep. 1, 270\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.07.005 (2019).","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"79486_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.026","volume":"73","author":"M Trieb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trieb, M. et al. HDL-related biomarkers are robust predictors of survival in patients with chronic liver failure. J. Hepatol. 73, 113\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.026 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"79486_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28740","volume":"64","author":"J Claria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Claria, J. et al. Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatology. 64, 1249\u20131264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28740 (2016).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"79486_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001411","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1001411","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Chen, P., Zhang, Y., Nie, Y. & Zhu, X. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels predicting poor outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 9, 1001411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1001411 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"79486_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000265","volume":"32","author":"RS Rahimi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rahimi, R. S. & Rockey, D. C. Acute on chronic liver failure: definitions, treatments and outcomes. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 32, 172\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000265 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"79486_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04540-4","volume":"27","author":"J Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo, J. et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: far to go-a review. Crit. Care. 27, 259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04540-4 (2023).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"79486_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000478988","volume":"25","author":"M Verdelho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verdelho, M. et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: a Portuguese single-center reference review. GE Port J. Gastroenterol. 25, 18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000478988 (2018).","journal-title":"GE Port J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"79486_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73603-1","volume":"10","author":"C Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu, C. et al. Serum ammonia is a strong prognostic factor for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. Sci. Rep. 10, 16970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-73603-1 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79486-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79486-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79486-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T12:05:54Z","timestamp":1731672354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-79486-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["79486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-79486-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4039311\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Written informed consent was obtained from patients or their legal surrogates before enrollment. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The data used in this study were anonymous prior to its use.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"We are unable to provide access to our datasets for privacy reasons. The protocol and statistical analysis methods used in the study can be requested directly from the corresponding author after approval.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data sharing statement"}}],"article-number":"28245"}}