{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:42:41Z","timestamp":1758123761045,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80251-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T10:04:35Z","timestamp":1732529075000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Emotional auditory stimuli influence step initiation in Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Lencioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Meloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Carpinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Gower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Mezzarobba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Bonassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Putzolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ferrarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Avanzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Pelosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"80251_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S423","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21927","volume":"23","author":"N Giladi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giladi, N. & Nieuwboer, A. Understanding and treating freezing of gait in parkinsonism, proposed working definition, and setting the stage. Mov. Disord.  23 (Suppl 2), S423\u2013S425 (2008).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord"},{"key":"80251_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.10.017","volume":"51","author":"G Bonora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonora, G. et al. Gait initiation is impaired in subjects with Parkinson\u2019s disease in the OFF state: evidence from the analysis of the anticipatory postural adjustments through wearable inertial sensors. Gait Posture  51, 218\u2013221 (2017).","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"80251_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018616","volume":"437","author":"P Crenna","year":"1991","unstructured":"Crenna, P. & Frigo, C. A motor programme for the initiation of forward-oriented movements in humans. J. Physiol. 437, 635\u2013653 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"80251_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0360-7","volume":"172","author":"P Crenna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crenna, P. et al. Impact of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on the initiation of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp. Brain Res. 172, 519\u2013532 (2006).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"80251_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0657-0","volume":"114","author":"JV Jacobs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jacobs, J. V., Horak, F. B. & Horak, F. B. Cortical control of postural responses HHS public access. J. Neural Transm.  114, 1339\u20131348 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm"},{"key":"80251_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.06.171","volume":"65","author":"L Avanzino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Avanzino, L., Lagravinese, G., Abbruzzese, G. & Pelosin, E. Relationships between gait and emotion in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a narrative review. Gait Posture  65, 57\u201364 (2018).","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"80251_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(03)00009-1","volume":"33","author":"R Misslin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Misslin, R. The defense system of fear: behavior and neurocircuitry. Neurophysiol. Clin. 33, 55\u201366 (2003).","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin."},{"key":"80251_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.016","volume":"35","author":"DC Blanchard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blanchard, D. C., Griebel, G., Pobbe, R. & Blanchard, R. J. Risk assessment as an evolved threat detection and analysis process. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 35, 991\u2013998 (2011).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"80251_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27312","volume":"33","author":"G Lagravinese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lagravinese, G. et al. Gait initiation is influenced by emotion processing in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with freezing. Mov. Disord. 33, 609\u2013617 (2018).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"80251_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212619","volume":"11","author":"DYL Quek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quek, D. Y. L., Economou, K., MacDougall, H. & Lewis, S. J. G. Ehgoetz Martens, K. A. validating a seated virtual reality threat paradigm for inducing anxiety and freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J. Parkinsons Dis. 11, 1443\u20131454 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"80251_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.01.044","volume":"374","author":"M Gilat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gilat, M. et al. Dysfunctional limbic circuitry underlying freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuroscience 374, 119\u2013132 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"80251_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy019","volume":"141","author":"KA Ehgoetz Martens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ehgoetz Martens, K. A. et al. The functional network signature of heterogeneity in freezing of gait. Brain 141, 1145\u20131160 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"80251_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102649","volume":"30","author":"E Sarasso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarasso, E. et al. Brain activity of the emotional circuit in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with freezing of gait. Neuroimage Clin. 30, 102649 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"80251_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00036","volume":"10","author":"C Schlenstedt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schlenstedt, C. et al. Are hypometric anticipatory postural adjustments contributing to freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease? Front. Aging Neurosci. 10, 36 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"80251_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.08.006","volume":"15","author":"SJG Lewis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lewis, S. J. G. & Barker, R. A. A pathophysiological model of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 15, 333\u2013338 (2009).","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord"},{"key":"80251_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25683","volume":"28","author":"A Nieuwboer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nieuwboer, A. & Giladi, N. Characterizing freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: models of an episodic phenomenon. Mov. Disord. 28, 1509\u20131519 (2013).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord"},{"key":"80251_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414559101","volume":"22","author":"SJG Lewis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis, S. J. G. & Shine, J. M. The next step: a common neural mechanism for freezing of gait. Neuroscientist 22, 72\u201382 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"80251_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4236\/nm.2010.11004","volume":"1","author":"J Shelton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shelton, J. & Kumar, G. P. Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neurosci. Med. 1, 30\u201332 (2010).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Med."},{"key":"80251_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000140","volume":"6","author":"MFD Trindade","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trindade, M. F. D. & Viana, R. A. Effects of auditory or visual stimuli on gait in Parkinsonic patients: a systematic review. Porto Biomed. J. 6, e140 (2021).","journal-title":"Porto Biomed. J."},{"key":"80251_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2017.08.002","volume":"61","author":"P Ginis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ginis, P., Nackaerts, E., Nieuwboer, A. & Heremans, E. Cueing for people with Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait: a narrative review of the state-of-the-art and novel perspectives. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 61, 407\u2013413 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Phys. Rehabil Med."},{"key":"80251_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518788615","volume":"33","author":"MH Thaut","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thaut, M. H., Rice, R. R., Janzen, B., Hurt-Thaut, T., McIntosh, G. C. & C. P. & Rhythmic auditory stimulation for reduction of falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled study. Clin. Rehabil.  33, 34\u201343 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil"},{"key":"80251_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412985","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00244","volume":"10","author":"N Schaffert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schaffert, N., Janzen, T. B., Mattes, K. & Thaut, M. H. A review on the relationship between sound and movement in sports and rehabilitation. Front. Psychol. 10, 412985 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"80251_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bie\u0144kiewicz, M. M. N., Janaqi, S., Jean, P. & Bardy, B. G. Impact of emotion-laden acoustic stimuli on group synchronisation performance. Sci. Rep.  13, 1\u201315 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34406-2"},{"key":"80251_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Aberrant advanced cognitive and attention-related brain networks in Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait. Neural Plast.  2020  181\u2013184. (2020).","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8891458"},{"key":"80251_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-024-00997-y","volume":"28","author":"J Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, J., Hwang, S., Kim, K. & Kim, S. J. Evaluation of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimulus-based attractors for intermittent reorientation in virtual reality locomotion. Virtual Real 28, 1\u201318 (2024).","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"80251_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00057-6","volume":"12","author":"AL Adkin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adkin, A. L., Frank, J. S., Carpenter, M. G. & Peysar, G. W. Postural control is scaled to level of postural threat. Gait Posture  12, 87\u201393 (2000).","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"80251_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000065","volume":"23","author":"K Kozlowska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kozlowska, K., Walker, P., McLean, L. & Carrive, P. Fear and the defense cascade: clinical implications and management. Harv. Rev. Psychiatry 23, 263\u2013287 (2015).","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"80251_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.10.020","volume":"394","author":"L Rocchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rocchi, L., Chiari, L., Cappello, A. & Horak, F. B. Identification of distinct characteristics of postural sway in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a feature selection procedure based on principal component analysis. Neurosci. Lett. 394, 140\u2013145 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"80251_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00095-2","volume":"119","author":"K Takakusaki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takakusaki, K., Habaguchi, T., Ohtinata-Sugimoto, J., Saitoh, K. & Sakamoto, T. Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction. Neuroscience 119, 293\u2013308 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"80251_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516X.157168","volume":"5","author":"A Jain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jain, A., Bansal, R., Kumar, A. & Singh, K. A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. Int. J. Appl. Basic. Med. Res. 5, 124 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Basic. Med. Res."},{"key":"80251_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vervoort, G. et al. Which aspects of postural control differentiate between patients with parkinson\u2019s disease with and without freezing of gait? Parkinsons Dis. 971480 (2013).","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/971480"},{"key":"80251_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00137","volume":"8","author":"C Palmisano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palmisano, C. et al. Gait initiation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: impact of dopamine depletion and initial stance Condition. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 8, 137 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"80251_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3720204","volume":"37","author":"MM Bradley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bradley, M. M. & Lang, P. J. Affective reactions to acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology 37, 204\u2013215 (2000).","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"80251_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.06.026","volume":"116","author":"KA Ehgoetz Martens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ehgoetz Martens, K. A. et al. Behavioural manifestations and associated non-motor features of freezing of gait: a narrative review and theoretical framework. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 116, 350\u2013364 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"80251_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00224-4","volume":"7","author":"M Gilat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilat, M. et al. A systematic review on exercise and training-based interventions for freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 7, 81 (2021).","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"80251_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321992331","volume":"35","author":"R Chow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chow, R., Tripp, B. P., Rzondzinski, D. & Almeida, Q. J. Investigating therapies for freezing of gait targeting the cognitive, limbic, and sensorimotor domains. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 35, 290 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair."},{"key":"80251_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12928","volume":"42","author":"KA Ehgoetz Martens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ehgoetz Martens, K. A., Ellard, C. G. & Almeida, Q. J. Anxiety-provoked gait changes are selectively dopa-responsive in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur. J. Neurosci. 42, 2028\u20132035 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"80251_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, C., Liu, J., Tan, Y. & Chen, S. Freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments. Transl. Neurodegener. 9, 1\u201322 (2020).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00191-5"},{"key":"80251_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilat, M. et al. A systematic review on exercise and training-based interventions for freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. npj Parkinson\u2019s Dis.  7, 1\u201318 (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00224-4"},{"key":"80251_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","volume":"55","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L. & Lees, A. J. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 55, 181\u2013184 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"80251_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27417","volume":"33","author":"KA Ehgoetz Martens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ehgoetz Martens, K. A. et al. Evidence for subtypes of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 33, 1174\u20131178 (2018).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"80251_CR42","unstructured":"Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. International Affective Digitized Sounds (2nd Edition; IADS-2):  Affective ratings of sounds and instruction manual (Technical Report No. B-3). Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention. (2007a)."},{"key":"80251_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","volume":"25","author":"MM Bradley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bradley, M. M. & Lang, P. J. Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry  25, 49\u201359 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-80251-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-80251-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-80251-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T11:09:17Z","timestamp":1732532957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-80251-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["80251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-80251-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"29176"}}