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Thousands of great ape specimens are kept in these collections, and could become an important resource for studying the evolution of DNA viruses. Their genetic material is likely to be preserved in dry museum specimens, as reported previously for monkeypox virus genomes from historical orangutan specimens. Here, we screened 209 great ape museum specimens for 99 different DNA viruses, using hybridization capture coupled with short-read high-throughput sequencing. We determined the presence of multiple viruses within this dataset from historical specimens and obtained several near-complete viral genomes. In particular, we report high-coverage (&gt;\u200918-fold) hepatitis B virus genomes from one gorilla and two chimpanzee individuals, which are phylogenetically placed within clades infecting the respective host species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80780-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T04:08:01Z","timestamp":1732939681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Screening great ape museum specimens for DNA viruses"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"H\u00e4mmerle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriam","family":"Guellil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lovro","family":"Trgovec-Greif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Cheronet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irune","family":"Ruiz-Gartzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Lizano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aigerim","family":"Rymbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Gelabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sojung","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena J.","family":"Schuenemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Marques-Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Guschanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Calvignac-Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Pinhasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kuhlwilm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"80780_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-020-00011-0","volume":"1","author":"L Orlando","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orlando, L. et al. Ancient DNA analysis. Nat. Rev. Methods Prim. 1, 14 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Prim."},{"key":"80780_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12699","volume":"17","author":"T van der Valk","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Valk, T., Lona Durazo, F., Dal\u00e9n, L. & Guschanski, K. Whole mitochondrial genome capture from faecal samples and museum-preserved specimens. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 17, e111\u2013e121 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"80780_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2008.02387.x","volume":"9","author":"M Arandjelovic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arandjelovic, M. et al. Two-step multiplex polymerase chain reaction improves the speed and accuracy of genotyping using DNA from noninvasive and museum samples. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 9, 28\u201336 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"80780_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.055","volume":"29","author":"T van der Valk","year":"2019","unstructured":"van der Valk, T., D\u00edez-del-Molino, D., Marques-Bonet, T., Guschanski, K. & Dal\u00e9n, L. Historical genomes reveal the genomic consequences of recent population decline in Eastern Gorillas. Curr. Biol. 29, 165-170.e6 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"80780_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13631","volume":"22","author":"I Ruiz-Gartzia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruiz-Gartzia, I., Lizano, E., Marques-Bonet, T. & Kelley, J. L. Recovering the genomes hidden in museum wet collections. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 22, 2127\u20132129 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. 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Data can be reprocessed using the tools described in the Methods section, namely kraken2 for metagenomic classification, bwa for mapping to reference genomes, following the documentation in the associated repository. Custom code for processing and visualisation is available under\n                      \n                      .","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"29806"}}