{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:25:28Z","timestamp":1782451528438,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009567","name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tooth degradation develops easily over time from initial caries to deeper cavities. The quality and durability of restorations are crucial in a patients\u2019 life, and it is primarily determined by the mechanical properties of the restorations. Clinicians and engineers apply biomimetic science in dentistry to mimic the natural design of the teeth and emphasize careful material selection as well as bond strength between the tissue and artificial material. The aim of this research was to develop and compare five different bulk filling restoration techniques for high C-factor (5.0) Class I cavities and determine the most durable technique. Tensile bond strength between the dentin and the filling, as well as the inner structure of the filling was measured via computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing methods. It was found that the semi-direct bulk filling technique (bulk filling with an extra, indirect curing step) can increase the tensile bond strength on average by 58% (51.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912.2\u00a0MPa) compared to the direct bulk filling method with the same materials (32.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2\u00a0MPa). The introduced semi-direct technique allows bulk filling to be used on Class I cavities while achieving a high bond strength, resulting in highly durable and reproducible restorations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81081-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T17:16:10Z","timestamp":1736097370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effect of various bulk filling techniques on the mechanical and structural characteristics of class I biomimetic composite dental fillings"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kem\u00e9ny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borb\u00e1la","family":"Leveles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levente","family":"Borhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"K\u00e1roly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Bubonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Volom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Braunitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Alleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Varbai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"81081_CR1","first-page":"129","volume":"13","author":"I Urabe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Urabe, I., Nakajima, S., Sano, H. & Tagami, J. 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As stated in the permission documents, the extraction of the third molars took place at Dr. Volom Aesthetic Dentistry for the purpose of orthodontic treatment; therefore, the experiments were not directly conducted on persons but on extracted teeth which had to be removed for the orthodontic treatment anyway, with the informed consent from all subjects for conducting experiments on the extracted teeth. The experiments detailed in the paper were performed between June 2022 and August 2023.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"862"}}