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However, it is currently unknown if there is a synergistic effect of the two interventions. In the current study, 190 school-aged children with myopia (380 eyes) were studied for the change in axial length (AL) over nearly one year of follow-up. Of 380 eyes, 170 eyes wore DIMS lenses, 80 eyes had RLRL therapy, and 130 eyes had both interventions (DIMS_RLRL) for myopia control. AL changes were calculated at each follow-up visit by subtracting the baseline measurements and normalized to yearly changes in mm. AL changes as a primary outcome were analyzed in a generalized linear mixed model to compare effect sizes of myopia control among three interventions while adjusting for age, sex, baseline axial length, and follow-up length. Participants had a mean age of 9.84\u2009\u00b1\u20092.63 years old, mean AL of 24.49\u2009\u00b1\u20091.20\u00a0mm, mean SER of -2.90\u2009\u00b1\u20092.08 diopters, and mean follow-up time of 301\u2009\u00b1\u200991 days. By the end of the study, the adjusted mean yearly axial change with combination therapy was \u2212\u20090.13\u00a0mm, -0.04\u00a0mm for the eyes with RLRL alone, and 0.16\u00a0mm for the eyes with DIMS lenses alone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Combination therapy of DIMS and RLRL has significantly greater effect size in controlling myopia progression than either RLRL alone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0009) or DIMS alone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81363-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T14:54:16Z","timestamp":1738421656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Synergistic effect of defocus incorporated multiple segment glasses and repeated low level red light therapy against myopia progression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"81363_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dutheil, F. et al. 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