{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T11:41:32Z","timestamp":1793533292744,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003645","name":"National Cancer Center of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24H1072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24H1072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81858-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T02:32:33Z","timestamp":1735353153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Role of moral disengagement and media literacy in the relationships between risky online content exposure and cyberaggression among Korean adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye-Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1647-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Kwan","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"81858_CR1","first-page":"143","volume":"20","author":"DW Grigg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grigg, D. W. Cyber-aggression: Definition and concept of cyberbullying. J. Psychol. Couns. Schools. 20 (2), 143\u2013156 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Couns. Schools"},{"key":"81858_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106753","volume":"120","author":"A Jagayat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jagayat, A. & Choma, B. L. Cyber-aggression towards women: Measurement and psychological predictors in gaming communities. Comput. Hum. Behav. 120, 106753 (2021).","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"81858_CR3","unstructured":"Willard, N. E. Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats: Responding to the Challenge of Online Social Aggression, Threats, and Distress (Research, 2007)."},{"key":"81858_CR4","unstructured":"Pew Research Center & Teens and Cyberbullying Pew Research Center, 2022. (2022). https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2022\/12\/15\/teens-and-cyberbullying-2022\/ (Accessed: 22 Aug 2024)."},{"key":"81858_CR5","unstructured":"Korea Communications Commission. The Report for 2022 Cyber Violence Survey. Korea Communications Commission,. (2023). https:\/\/www.iitp.kr\/kr\/1\/knowledge\/statisticsView.it?masterCode=publication&searClassCode=K_STAT_01&identifier=02-008-230324-000003 (Accessed: 1 Nov 2024)."},{"key":"81858_CR6","unstructured":"European Union. Cyberbullying Among Young People. European Union,. (2016). https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2016\/571367\/IPOL_STU(2016)571367_EN.pdf (Accessed: 22 Aug 2024)."},{"key":"81858_CR7","unstructured":"Korea Communications Commission. The Report for 2023 Cyber Violence Survey. Korea Communications Commission,. (2024). https:\/\/kcc.go.kr\/user.do?boardId=1113&page=A05030000&dc=K00000200&boardSeq=60294&mode=view (Accessed: 9 Aug 2024)."},{"key":"81858_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.105946","volume":"123","author":"SM Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae, S. M. The relationship between exposure to risky online content, cyber victimization, perception of cyberbullying, and cyberbullying offending in Korean adolescents. Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 123, 105946 (2021).","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"81858_CR9","unstructured":"Bandura, A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory (Prentice Hall, Inc., 1986)."},{"issue":"1","key":"81858_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21502","volume":"40","author":"G Gini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gini, G., Pozzoli, T. & Hymel, S. Moral disengagement among children and youth: A meta-analytic review of links to aggressive behavior. Aggress. Behav. 40 (1), 56\u201368 (2014).","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"81858_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035618","volume":"140","author":"RM Kowalski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N. & Lattanner, M. R. Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychol. Bull. 140 (4), 1073\u20131137 (2014).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"81858_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2020.1782186","volume":"18","author":"MG Lo Cricchio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lo Cricchio, M. G., Garc\u00eda-Poole, C., te Brinke, L. W., Bianchi, D. & Menesini, E. Moral disengagement and cyberbullying involvement: A systematic review. Eur. J. Dev. Psychol. 18 (2), 271\u2013311 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"81858_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.09.024","volume":"103","author":"M Paciello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paciello, M., Tramontano, C., Nocentini, A., Fida, R. & Menesini, E. The role of traditional and online moral disengagement on cyberbullying: Do externalising problems make any difference? Comput. Hum. Behav. 103, 190\u2013198 (2020).","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"81858_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0670","volume":"18","author":"KC Runions","year":"2015","unstructured":"Runions, K. C. & Bak, M. Online moral disengagement, cyberbullying, and cyber-aggression. Cyberpsychol Behav. Soc. Netw. 18 (7), 400\u2013405 (2015).","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2012.01643.x","volume":"62","author":"SH Jeong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeong, S. H., Cho, H. & Hwang, Y. Media literacy interventions: A meta-analytic review. J. Commun. 62 (3), 454\u2013472 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2020.1809481","volume":"15","author":"L Schreurs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schreurs, L. & Vandenbosch, L. Introducing the Social Media Literacy (SMILE) model with the case of the positivity bias on social media. J. Child. Media. 15 (3), 320\u2013337 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Child. Media"},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR17","first-page":"283","volume":"39","author":"S Livingstone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Livingstone, S. Developing social media literacy: How children learn to interpret risky opportunities on social network sites. Commun 39 (3), 283\u2013303 (2014).","journal-title":"Commun"},{"key":"81858_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peter, J. & Valkenburg, P. The effects of internet communication on adolescents\u2019 psychosocial development: An assessment of risks and opportunities. In Media Psychology 678\u2013697. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444361506.wbiems136"},{"key":"81858_CR19","unstructured":"Bandura, A. A social cognitive theory of personality. In Handbook of Personality. 154\u2013196. (Guilford, 1999)."},{"key":"81858_CR20","unstructured":"Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development. (Erlbaum, 1991)."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0303_03","volume":"3","author":"A Bandura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychol. 3 (3), 265\u2013299 (2001).","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"81858_CR22","unstructured":"Bandura, A. & Walters, R. H. Adolescent Aggression (Ronald, 1959)."},{"issue":"2","key":"81858_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/0305724022014322","volume":"31","author":"A Bandura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bandura, A. Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. J. Moral. Educ. 31 (2), 101\u2013119 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Moral. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"81858_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.2.364","volume":"71","author":"A Bandura","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V. & Pastorelli, C. Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 71 (2), 364\u2013374 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"81858_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107032","volume":"127","author":"A Maftei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maftei, A., Holman, A. C. & Merlici, I. A. Using fake news as means of cyber-bullying: The link with compulsive internet use and online moral disengagement. Comput. Hum. Behav. 127, 107032 (2022).","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"81858_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.80.1.125","volume":"80","author":"A Bandura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C. & Regalia, C. Sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 80 (1), 125\u2013135 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"81858_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"S Hymel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hymel, S., Rocke-Henderson, N. & Bonanno, R. A. Moral disengagement: A framework for understanding bullying among adolescents. J. Soc. Sci. 8 (1), 1\u201311 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"81858_CR28","unstructured":"Bandura, A. & Walters, R. H. Social Learning and Personality Development (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1963)."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1986.tb00239.x","volume":"42","author":"LR Huesmann","year":"1986","unstructured":"Huesmann, L. R. & Malamuth, N. M. Media violence and antisocial behavior: An overview. J. Soc. Issues. 42 (3), 1\u20136 (1986).","journal-title":"J. Soc. Issues"},{"issue":"4","key":"81858_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550613509286","volume":"5","author":"A Gabbiadini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gabbiadini, A., Riva, P., Andrighetto, L., Volpato, C. & Bushman, B. J. Interactive effect of moral disengagement and violent video games on self-control, cheating, and aggression. Soc. Psychol. Personal Sci. 5 (4), 451\u2013458 (2014).","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"81858_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2009.01459.x","volume":"60","author":"T Hartmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hartmann, T. & Vorderer, P. It\u2019s okay to shoot a character: Moral disengagement in violent video games. J. Commun. 60 (1), 94\u2013119 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/03637751.2014.922206","volume":"81","author":"T Hartmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hartmann, T., Krakowiak, K. M. & Tsay-Vogel, M. How violent video games communicate violence: A literature review and content analysis of moral disengagement factors. Commun. Monogr. 81 (3), 310\u2013332 (2014).","journal-title":"Commun. Monogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"81858_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2012.690926","volume":"16","author":"KM Krakowiak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krakowiak, K. M. & Tsay-Vogel, M. What makes characters\u2019 bad behaviors acceptable? The effects of character motivation and outcome on perceptions, character liking, and moral disengagement. Mass. Commun. Soc. 16 (2), 179\u2013199 (2013).","journal-title":"Mass. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"81858_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s40688-021-00352-x","volume":"26","author":"\u015e Ak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ak, \u015e., \u00d6zdemir, Y. & Sa\u011fkal, A. S. Understanding the mediating role of moral disengagement in the association between violent video game playing and bullying\/cyberbullying perpetration. Contemp. Sch. Psychol. 26, 376\u2013386 (2022).","journal-title":"Contemp. Sch. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"81858_CR35","first-page":"350","volume":"15","author":"J Richmond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Richmond, J. & Wilson, J. C. Are graphic media violence, aggression and moral disengagement related? J. Managerial Psychol. 15 (2), 350\u2013357 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Managerial Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"81858_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21860","volume":"45","author":"M Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao, M., Zhou, Y., Li, J. & Gao, X. Violent video games exposure and aggression: The role of moral disengagement, anger, hostility, and disinhibition. Aggress. Behav. 45 (6), 662\u2013670 (2019).","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"key":"81858_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.10.003","volume":"77","author":"M Ojeda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ojeda, M., Del Rey, R. & Hunter, S. C. Longitudinal relationships between sexting and involvement in both bullying and cyberbullying. J. Adolesc. 77, 81\u201389 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"81858_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.03.008","volume":"73","author":"J Van Ouytsel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Ouytsel, J., Lu, Y., Ponnet, K., Walrave, M. & Temple, J. R. Longitudinal associations between sexting, cyberbullying, and bullying among adolescents: Cross-lagged panel analysis. J. Adolesc. 73, 36\u201341 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"81858_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.08.031","volume":"77","author":"Z Teng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teng, Z., Nie, Q., Guo, C. & Liu, Y. Violent video game exposure and moral disengagement in early adolescence: The moderating effect of moral identity. Comput. Hum. Behav. 77, 54\u201362 (2017).","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"81858_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105613","volume":"119","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, L. & Ngai, S. S. Y. The effects of anonymity, invisibility, asynchrony, and moral disengagement on cyberbullying perpetration among school-aged children in China. Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 119, 105613 (2020).","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"81858_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000422","volume":"12","author":"S Wachs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wachs, S. et al. Associations between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech among adolescents: Testing moderation effects of moral disengagement and empathy. Psychol. Violence. 12 (6), 371\u2013381 (2022).","journal-title":"Psychol. Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"81858_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034488","volume":"50","author":"GV Caprara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caprara, G. V. et al. The contribution of moral disengagement in mediating individual tendencies toward aggression and violence. Dev. Psychol. 50 (1), 71\u201383 (2014).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"81858_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2014.954045","volume":"14","author":"K Bussey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bussey, K., Fitzpatrick, S. & Raman, A. The role of moral disengagement and self-efficacy in cyberbullying. J. Sch. Violence. 14 (1), 30\u201346 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Sch. Violence"},{"key":"81858_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.04.019","volume":"74","author":"KR Allison","year":"2017","unstructured":"Allison, K. R. & Bussey, K. Individual and collective moral influences on intervention in cyberbullying. Comput. Hum. Behav. 74, 7\u201315 (2017).","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"81858_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2019.11.006","volume":"78","author":"K Bussey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bussey, K., Luo, A., Fitzpatrick, S. & Allison, K. Defending victims of cyberbullying: The role of self-efficacy and moral disengagement. J. Sch. Psychol. 78, 1\u201312 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431616670752","volume":"38","author":"DJ Meter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meter, D. J. & Bauman, S. Moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring: Effects on traditional bullying and victimization via cyberbullying involvement. J. Early Adolesc. 38 (3), 303\u2013326 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Early Adolesc."},{"key":"81858_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s42380-019-00039-1","volume":"2","author":"N Moxey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moxey, N. & Bussey, K. Styles of bystander intervention in cyberbullying incidents. Int. J. Bull. Prev. 2, 6\u201315 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Bull. Prev."},{"key":"81858_CR48","unstructured":"Aufderheide, P. Media literacy: A report of the national leadership conference on media literacy. The Aspen Institute, (1993). https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED365294.pdf (Accessed: 22 Aug 2024)."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR49","first-page":"18","volume":"32","author":"S Livingstone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Livingstone, S. What is media literacy? Intermedia 32 (3), 18\u201320 (2004).","journal-title":"Intermedia"},{"key":"81858_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobbs, R. Media Literacy in Action: Questioning the Media (Rowman & Littlefield, 2021).","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003118824-60"},{"key":"81858_CR51","volume-title":"Digital and Media Literacy: A Plan of Action","author":"R Hobbs","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hobbs, R. Digital and Media Literacy: A Plan of Action (The Aspen Institute, 2010)."},{"key":"81858_CR52","unstructured":"Ofcom Ofcom\u2019s approach to online media literacy. Ofcom, (2021). https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/_data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0015\/229002\/approach-to-online-media-literacy.pdf (Accessed: 22 Aug 2024)."},{"key":"81858_CR53","unstructured":"Austin, E. W. The message interpretation process model. In Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the Media. (Sage Publishing, (2007)."},{"key":"81858_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650202029002003","volume":"29","author":"EW Austin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Austin, E. W. et al. The effects of increased cognitive involvement on college students\u2019 interpretations of magazine advertisements for alcohol. Commun. Res. 29, 155\u2013179 (2002).","journal-title":"Commun. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"81858_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650207305233","volume":"34","author":"EW Austin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. & Funabiki, R. P. The desirability paradox in the effects of media literacy training. Commun. Res. 34 (5), 483\u2013506 (2007).","journal-title":"Commun. Res."},{"key":"81858_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Austin, E. W. & Domgaard, S. The media literacy theory of change and the message interpretation process model. Commun. Theory qtae018 (2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/ct\/qtae018"},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0068","volume":"126","author":"JB Kupersmidt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kupersmidt, J. B., Scull, T. M. & Austin, E. W. Media literacy education for elementary school substance use prevention: Study of media detective. Pediatrics 126 (3), 525\u2013531 (2010).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"81858_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.06.007","volume":"67","author":"Z Vahedi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vahedi, Z., Sibalis, A. & Sutherland, J. E. Are media literacy interventions effective at changing attitudes and intentions towards risky health behaviors in adolescents? A meta-analytic review. J. Adolesc. 67, 140\u2013152 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"81858_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobbs, R. Measuring the digital and media literacy competencies of children and teens. In Cognitive Development in Digital Contexts 253\u2013274. (Academic, (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809481-5.00013-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5765\/jkacap.240005","volume":"35","author":"SM Bae","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bae, S. M. Characteristics and treatment of cyberviolence trauma in children and adolescents. J. Korean Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry. 35 (3), 169 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Korean Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"81858_CR61","unstructured":"National Information Society Agency. Cyber violence survey data. National Information Society Agency, 2022. (2021). https:\/\/www.data.go.kr\/data\/15106136\/fileData.do?recommendDataYn=Y (Accessed: 10 Nov 2022)."},{"key":"81858_CR62","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (Guilford Press, 2017)."},{"issue":"6","key":"81858_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51 (6), 1173\u20131182 (1986).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"81858_CR64","unstructured":"Cohen, J. P., Cohen, S., West, G. & Aiken, L. S. Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003)."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800303","volume":"18","author":"S Sharma","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Durand, R. M. & Gur-Arie, O. Identification and analysis of moderator variables. J. Mark. Res. 18 (3), 291\u2013300 (1981).","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"81858_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer, D. W. & Lemeshow, S. Applied Logistic Regression (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000).","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"issue":"2","key":"81858_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764219869406","volume":"65","author":"SM Jones-Jang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones-Jang, S. M., Mortensen, T. & Liu, J. Does media literacy help identification of fake news? Information literacy helps, but other literacies don\u2019t. Am. Behav. Sci. 65 (2), 371\u2013388 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"81858_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211011447","volume":"25","author":"J Swart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swart, J. Tactics of news literacy: How young people access, evaluate, and engage with news on social media. New. Media Soc. 25 (3), 505\u2013521 (2023).","journal-title":"New. Media Soc."},{"key":"81858_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Festinger, L. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford University Press, 1957).","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503620766"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-81858-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-81858-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-81858-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T16:05:09Z","timestamp":1735401909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-81858-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["81858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-81858-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"30877"}}