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This barrier can be impaired following viral infection, paving the way for bacterial superinfections. Type I interferons (IFNs) are important antiviral mediators, and inhaled formulations of these glycoproteins are considered a potential approach for the treatment of respiratory viral infections. To investigate if type I IFNs can also protect against virus-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells were pre-treated with IFN-\u03b21a and subsequently infected with human rhinovirus (HRV) for 24 to 72h. Moreover, to functionally assess the effects of IFN-\u03b21a pre-treatment on barrier integrity, we conducted co-infection experiments, in which cells were initially infected with HRV, and superinfected with <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> 24 to 72 h later. In untreated cells, HRV infection significantly damaged ZO-1 positive tight junctions and cilia, and transiently increased permeability, whereas the barrier of cultures pre-treated with IFN-\u03b21a remained intact. In co-infection experiments, bacteria were able to penetrate deeper into the cell layers of HRV-infected cultures than into those of uninfected cells. IFN-\u03b21a pre-treatment abrogated virus-induced damage to the epithelial barrier. Taken together, these data demonstrate a beneficial effect of IFN-\u03b2 in protecting epithelial barrier function in addition to its antiviral effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82516-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T15:05:43Z","timestamp":1734361543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Protective effect of interferon type I on barrier function of human airway epithelium during rhinovirus infections in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Boland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Kinscherf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Schwarzbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Jonigk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Braubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8025-2846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Bellinghausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"82516_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00098803","volume":"23","author":"R Bals","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bals, R. & Hiemstra, P. 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