{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:15:48Z","timestamp":1790381748878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The key project of the National Key R&D Program \"Research on the Prevention and Treatment of Common Frequent Diseases\"","award":["2022YFC2502800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2502800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82745-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T21:42:23Z","timestamp":1735854143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Quantitative analysis of choroidal vascular structures and anatomical changes in pachychoroid spectrum diseases using ultra-widefield SS-OCTA"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"82745_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e806","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14683","volume":"99","author":"S Borooah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borooah, S. et al. Pachychoroid spectrum disease. Acta Ophthalmol. 99, e806\u2013e822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14683 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"82745_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182953df4","volume":"33","author":"DJ Warrow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Warrow, D. J., Hoang, Q. V. & Freund, K. B. Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy. Retina 33, 1659\u20131672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182953df4 (2013).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"82745_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.08.002","volume":"3","author":"J Siedlecki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siedlecki, J., Schworm, B. & Priglinger, S. G. The pachychoroid disease spectrum-and the need for a uniform classification system. Ophthalmol. Retina 3, 1013\u20131015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.08.002 (2019).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"key":"82745_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.024","volume":"4","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsumoto, H. et al. Vortex vein anastomosis at the watershed in pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Ophthalmol. Retina 4, 938\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.024 (2020).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"key":"82745_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51268-9","volume":"9","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsumoto, H., Kishi, S., Mukai, R. & Akiyama, H. Remodeling of macular vortex veins in pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Sci. Rep. 9, 14689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51268-9 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"82745_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.1.17","volume":"63","author":"T Bacci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bacci, T., Oh, D. J., Singer, M., Sadda, S. & Freund, K. B. Ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography reveals patterns of choroidal venous insufficiency influencing pachychoroid disease. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 63, 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.1.17 (2022).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"82745_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.05.013","volume":"2","author":"T Hiroe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hiroe, T. & Kishi, S. Dilatation of asymmetric vortex vein in central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmol. Retina 2, 152\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2017.05.013 (2018).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina"},{"key":"82745_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S143018","volume":"11","author":"M Moussa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moussa, M., Leila, M. & Khalid, H. Imaging choroidal neovascular membrane using en face swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Clin. Ophthalmol. 11, 1859\u20131869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.S143018 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"82745_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10184253","volume":"10","author":"MS Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, M. S. et al. Wide-field swept-source OCT analysis of interocular symmetry of choroidal thickness in subjects with uncomplicated pachychoroid. J. Clin. Med. 10, 253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10184253 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"82745_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.06.009","volume":"111","author":"K Mori","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mori, K., Gehlbach, P. L., Yoneya, S. & Shimizu, K. Asymmetry of choroidal venous vascular patterns in the human eye. Ophthalmology 111, 507\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.06.009 (2004).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"82745_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.9.17","volume":"12","author":"Z Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo, Z. et al. Choroidal vortex vein drainage system in central serous chorioretinopathy using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography. Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 12, 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.12.9.17 (2023).","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"82745_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75789-w","volume":"10","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsumoto, H. et al. Quantitative measures of vortex veins in the posterior pole in eyes with pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Sci. Rep. 10, 19505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-75789-w (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"82745_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12875","volume":"41","author":"N Yazdani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yazdani, N. et al. Wide-field choroidal thickness and vascularity index in myopes and emmetropes. Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 41, 1308\u20131319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12875 (2021).","journal-title":"Ophthal. Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"82745_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57101063","volume":"57","author":"M Chrz\u0105szcz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chrz\u0105szcz, M. et al. Changes in plasma VEGF and PEDF levels in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. Medicina 57, 63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57101063 (2021).","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"82745_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28484-w","volume":"8","author":"N Terao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Terao, N. et al. Distinct aqueous humour cytokine profiles of patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Sci. Rep. 8, 10520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-28484-w (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"82745_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.17116\/oftalma2023139061152","volume":"139","author":"YN Yusef","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yusef, Y. N., Kurguzova, A. G. & Budzinskaya, M. V. Choroidal neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy. Vestn. Oftalmol. 139, 152\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17116\/oftalma2023139061152 (2023).","journal-title":"Vestn. Oftalmol."},{"key":"82745_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000001575","volume":"37","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spaide, R. F. Choroidal neovascularization. Retina 37, 609\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001575 (2017).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"82745_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.042","volume":"137","author":"HE Grossniklaus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grossniklaus, H. E. & Green, W. R. Choroidal neovascularization. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 137, 496\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.042 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"82745_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05687-6","volume":"260","author":"S Kishi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kishi, S. & Matsumoto, H. A new insight into pachychoroid diseases: Remodeling of choroidal vasculature. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 260, 3405\u20133417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-022-05687-6 (2022).","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"82745_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31826af540","volume":"33","author":"SE Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung, S. E., Kang, S. W., Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. T. & Park, D. Y. Engorgement of vortex vein and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Retina 33, 834\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31826af540 (2013).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"82745_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100973","volume":"86","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spaide, R. F. et al. Venous overload choroidopathy: A hypothetical framework for central serous chorioretinopathy and allied disorders. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 86, 100973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100973 (2022).","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"82745_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-024-01101-2","volume":"68","author":"H Koizumi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koizumi, H., Imanaga, N. & Terao, N. Central serous chorioretinopathy and the sclera: What we have learned so far. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. 68, 419\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-024-01101-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"82745_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041505","volume":"12","author":"N Mihara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mihara, N. et al. Sex- and age-dependent wide-field choroidal thickness differences in healthy eyes. J. Clin. Med. 12, 505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12041505 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-82745-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-82745-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-82745-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:03:00Z","timestamp":1735927380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-82745-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["82745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-82745-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4962371\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of General Hospital of Central Theater Commandand with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"344"}}