{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:15:32Z","timestamp":1793402132216,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Fund of Khon Kaen University in fiscal year 2023 and the National Science, Research, and Innovation Fund","award":["FF-66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-66"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cq4gr50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Celosia argentea<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a plant known for producing bioactive compounds, including betalains, which possess various biological and pharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors on betalains production and their antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures of\n                    <jats:italic>C. argentea<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Various concentrations of chitosan, yeast extract, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, copper sulfate (CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and cobalt chloride (CoCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were evaluated. The results revealed that chitosan, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly improved betalains production in the cell suspension cultures. Among these elicitors, chitosan at 5.0\u00a0mg\/L and CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 6.4 \u00b5M were the most effective in enhancing betalains production, yielding the highest concentrations of 4.65 and 4.99\u00a0mg\/g dry weight, respectively. Notably, the betalains derived from the elicitor-treated cultures exhibited greater antioxidant activity compared to the control. These findings suggest that chitosan and CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    are promising elicitors for sustainable in vitro production of betalains from\n                    <jats:italic>C. argentea<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell suspension cultures on a commercial scale, owing to their ability to enhance betalains production and antioxidant activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83096-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T20:13:09Z","timestamp":1735848789000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Enhancing betalains production and antioxidant activity in Celosia argentea cell suspension cultures using biotic and abiotic elicitors"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kanchanok","family":"Mueangnak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruthairat","family":"Kitwetcharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudarat","family":"Thanonkeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preekamol","family":"Klanrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirawan","family":"Apiraksakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poramaporn","family":"Klanrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poramate","family":"Klanrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornthap","family":"Thanonkeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"83096_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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Stud. 60, 26 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40529-019-0274-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40529-019-0274-x"},{"key":"83096_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Al-Khayri, J.M. & Naik, P.M. Elicitor-induced production of biomass and pharmaceutical phenolic compounds in cell suspension culture of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Molecules. 25, 4669 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25204669.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204669"},{"key":"83096_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. El-Ashry, A.A.E., El-Bahr, M.K. & Gabr, A.M.M. Effect of light quality on betalain content of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultured in vitro. Egyptian Pharm. J. 19, 143\u2013148 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/epj.epj_43_19.","DOI":"10.4103\/epj.epj_43_19"},{"key":"83096_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Shah, M., Jan, H., Drouet, S., Tungmunnithum, D., Shirazi, J.H., Hano, C. & Abbasi, B.H. Chitosan elicitation impacts flavonolignan biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn cell suspension and enhances antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of cell extracts. Molecules. 26, 791 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26040791.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040791"},{"key":"83096_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Mendoza, D., Causpud, O., Arias, J.P., Ruiz, O. & Arias, M. Effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate in the production of phenolic compounds in plant cell suspension cultures of Thevetia peruviana. Biotechnol. Rep. 19, e00273 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.btre.2018.e00273.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2018.e00273"},{"key":"83096_CR23","unstructured":"23. Autaijamsripon, J., Jirakiattikul, Y., Rithichai, P. & Itharat, A. Effect of phenylalanine and methyl jasmonate on secondary metabolite production by shoot cultures of holy basil, purple-type (Ocimum sanctum L.). Sci. Technol. Asia. 28, 229\u2212239 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14456\/scitechasia.2023.19."},{"key":"83096_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Jeyasri, R., Muthuramalingam, P., Karthick, K., Shin, H., Choi, S.H. & Ramesh, M. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid as powerful elicitors for enhancing the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants: an updated review. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 153, 447\u2212458 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11240-023-02485-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-023-02485-8"},{"key":"83096_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Gorni, P.H., Gon\u00e7alves, L.S., Spera, K.D., Pacheco, A.C. & Lapaz, A.M. Exogenous salicylic acid increases productivity and elicits betalains and other bioactive compounds in red beetroot. Trop. Plant Biol. 16, 41\u221252 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12042-023-09329-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12042-023-09329-x"},{"key":"83096_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Henarejos-Escudero, P., Guadarrama-Flores, B., Guerrero-Rubio, M.A., G\u00f3mez-Pando, L.R., Garc\u00eda-Carmona, F. & Gand\u00eda-Herrero, F. Development of betalain producing callus lines from colored quinoa varieties (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). J. Agric. Food Chem. 66, 467\u2013474 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04642.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04642"},{"key":"83096_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Visockis, M., Bobinaite, R., Ruzgys, P., Barakauskas, J., Markevi\u010dius, V., Vi\u0161kelis, P. & \u0160atkauskas, S. Assessment of plant tissue disintegration degree and its related implications in the pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted aqueous extraction of betalains from the fresh red beetroot. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. 73, 102761 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102761.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102761"},{"key":"83096_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Chandran, H., Meena, M., Barupal, T. & Sharma, K. Plant tissue culture as a perpetual source for production of industrially important bioactive compounds. Biotechnol. Rep. 26, e00450 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00450.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00450"},{"key":"83096_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Choi, J.W., Kim, Y.K., Lee, W.H., Pedersen, H. & Chin, C.K. Kinetic model of cell growth and secondary metabolite synthesis in plant cell culture of Thalictrum rugosum. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 4, 129\u2212137 (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02932383.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02932383"},{"key":"83096_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Siatka, T. Production of anthocyanins in callus cultures of Angelica archangelica. Nat. Prod. Commun. 13, 1645\u22121648 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1934578X1801301219.","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1801301219"},{"key":"83096_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. 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