{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:43:32Z","timestamp":1792979012992,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83156-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T03:42:59Z","timestamp":1735875779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of oxidative stress status in the kidney tissue of male rats treated with paraquat and nanoparaquat"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Bahramibanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Vahabi","family":"Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Ranjbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashkan","family":"Karbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Abbasifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"83156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.04026.x","volume":"72","author":"IB Gawarammana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gawarammana, I. B. & Buckley, N. A. Medical management of paraquat ingestion. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 72 (5), 745\u2013757 (2011).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"83156_CR2","unstructured":"Pasi, A. The toxicity of paraquat, diquat and morfamquat. Vienna: Hans Huber. 13\u2009\u2013\u20095. (1978)."},{"issue":"1","key":"83156_CR3","first-page":"465897","volume":"2012","author":"E Ozbek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ozbek, E. Induction of oxidative stress in kidney. Int. J. Nephrol. 2012 (1), 465897 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"83156_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153398","volume":"484","author":"A Karbasi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karbasi, A. et al. Is nanoparaquat safer than bulk paraquat? An in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Toxicology 484, 153398 (2023).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"83156_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/nano7030068","volume":"7","author":"T Fernandes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandes, T., Soares, S. F., Trindade, T. & Daniel-da-Silva, A. L. Magnetic hybrid nanosorbents for the uptake of paraquat from water. Nanomaterials 7 (3), 68 (2017).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"83156_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishisaka, C., Grillo, R., Sanches, G., Fraceto, L. & Lima, R. (eds) Analysis of the effects of pesticides and nanopesticides on the environment. BMC Proceedings; Springer (2014).","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-6561-8-S4-P100"},{"issue":"1","key":"83156_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00382-7","volume":"180","author":"ZE Suntres","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suntres, Z. E. Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity. Toxicology 180 (1), 65\u201377 (2002).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"83156_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.132595","volume":"6","author":"A Ranjbar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ranjbar, A. et al. Ameliorative effect of Matricaria chamomilla. L on paraquat: Induced oxidative damage in lung rats. Pharmacognosy Res. 6 (3), 199 (2014).","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Res."},{"issue":"31","key":"83156_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51345","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17975","volume":"8","author":"CH Weng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weng, C. H. et al. Predictors of acute kidney injury after paraquat intoxication. Oncotarget 8 (31), 51345\u201351354 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"12","key":"83156_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"A Ranjbar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ranjbar, A. Evidence of oxidative damage in paraquat toxicity. Zahedan J. Res. Med. Sci. 16 (12), 1\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"Zahedan J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"83156_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.845537","volume":"55","author":"JS Bus","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bus, J. S. & Gibson, J. E. Paraquat: model for oxidant-initiated toxicity. Environ. Health Perspect. 55, 37\u201346 (1984).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"83156_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.20.5_557","volume":"20","author":"I Nakagawa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nakagawa, I., Suzuki, M., Imura, N. & Naganuma, A. Enhancement of paraquat toxicity by glutathione depletion in mice in vivo and in vitro. J. Toxicol. Sci. 20 (5), 557\u2013564 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"83156_CR13","first-page":"23","volume":"11","author":"I Silfeler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silfeler, I. et al. Protective effect of ellagic acid on paraquat-induced kidney hazards in rats. Iran. J. Kidney Dis. 11 (1), 23 (2017).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"83156_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.153","volume":"164","author":"ME Abd El-Hack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abd El-Hack, M. E. et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of chitosan and its derivatives and their applications: A review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 164, 2726\u20132744 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"12","key":"83156_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30269","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226225","volume":"16","author":"KQ De Andrade","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Andrade, K. Q. et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatic diseases: therapeutic possibilities of N-acetylcysteine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16 (12), 30269\u201330308 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"83156_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.005","volume":"130","author":"OE Aparicio-Trejo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aparicio-Trejo, O. E. et al. Protective effects of N-acetyl-cysteine in mitochondria bioenergetics, oxidative stress, dynamics and S-glutathionylation alterations in acute kidney damage induced by folic acid. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 130, 379\u2013396 (2019).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"83156_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2013.12.006","volume":"28","author":"D Joshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi, D., Mittal, D. K., Shukla, S., Srivastav, A. K. & Srivastav, S. K. N-acetyl cysteine and selenium protects mercuric chloride-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in liver and kidney of rats: a histopathological approach. J. Trace Elem. Med Biol. 28 (2), 218\u2013226 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"83156_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-022-00609-y","volume":"23","author":"F Gheshlaghi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gheshlaghi, F. et al. Prediction of mortality and morbidity following paraquat poisoning based on trend of liver and kidney injury. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol. 23 (1), 67 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"83156_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01263.x","volume":"48","author":"HL Grabenstatter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grabenstatter, H. L., Clark, S. & Dudek, F. E. Anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine on spontaneous seizures in rats with kainate-induced epilepsy: comparison of intraperitoneal injections with drug\u2010in\u2010food protocols. Epilepsia 48 (12), 2287\u20132295 (2007).","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"83156_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfab049","volume":"182","author":"S-C Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, S-C. et al. Toxicokinetic and genotoxicity study of NNK in male Sprague Dawley rats following nose-only inhalation exposure, intraperitoneal injection, and oral gavage. Toxicol. Sci. 182 (1), 10\u201328 (2021).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"83156_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M. M. et al. Intoxication by intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage equally potentiates postburn organ damage and inflammation. Mediators of inflammation. 2013. (2013).","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/971481"},{"key":"83156_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-019-2745-x","volume":"37","author":"A Al Shoyaib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al Shoyaib, A., Archie, S. R. & Karamyan, V. T. Intraperitoneal route of drug administration: should it be used in experimental animal studies? Pharm. Res. 37, 1\u201317 (2020).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"83156_CR23","first-page":"562","volume":"178","author":"G Lukas","year":"1971","unstructured":"Lukas, G., Brindle, S. D. & Greengard, P. The route of absorption of intraperitoneally administered compounds. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 178 (3), 562\u2013566 (1971).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"83156_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nebendahl, K. Routes of administration. The laboratory rat. Elsevier, pp. 463\u2009\u2013\u200983 (2000).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012426400-7.50063-7"},{"issue":"1152","key":"83156_CR25","first-page":"647","volume":"311","author":"L Smith","year":"1985","unstructured":"Smith, L. Paraquat toxicity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. Biol. Sci. 311 (1152), 647\u2013657 (1985).","journal-title":"Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"83156_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519860032","volume":"47","author":"Y Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song, Y., Li, C., Luo, F. & Tao, Y. Clinical features and risk factors of acute kidney injury in children with acute paraquat intoxication. J. Int. Med. Res. 47 (9), 4194\u20134203 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"83156_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13555","volume":"128","author":"S Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. Prognostic value of liver and kidney function parameters and their correlation with the ratio of urine-to\u2010plasma paraquat in patients with paraquat poisoning. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 128 (6), 822\u2013830 (2021).","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"83156_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2005.12.007","volume":"20","author":"A Sadowska","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sadowska, A., Manuel-Y-Keenoy, B. & De Backer, W. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of NAC in the treatment of COPD: discordant in vitro and in vivo dose-effects: a review. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 20 (1), 9\u201322 (2007).","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"83156_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.03.019","volume":"223","author":"STY Yeh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yeh, S. T. Y. et al. Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment post acute paraquat intoxication in rats and in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicology 223 (3), 181\u2013190 (2006).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"83156_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2010.10.009","volume":"64","author":"EA Awadalla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Awadalla, E. A. Efficacy of vitamin C against liver and kidney damage induced by paraquat toxicity. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 64 (5), 431\u2013434 (2012).","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"issue":"15","key":"83156_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.610642","volume":"114","author":"TD Smilde","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smilde, T. D., van Veldhuisen, D. J., Navis, G., Voors, A. A. & Hillege, H. L. Drawbacks and prognostic value of formulas estimating renal function in patients with chronic heart failure and systolic dysfunction. Circulation 114 (15), 1572\u20131580 (2006).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"83156_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720933522","volume":"36","author":"Y Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su, Y. et al. Investigation of simple, objective, and effective indicators for predicting acute paraquat poisoning outcomes. Toxicol. Ind. Health. 36 (6), 417\u2013426 (2020).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"83156_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn615","volume":"24","author":"S Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim, S., Gil, H-W., Yang, J-O., Lee, E-Y. & Hong, S-Y. The clinical features of acute kidney injury in patients with acute paraquat intoxication. Nephrol. Dialysis Transplantation. 24 (4), 1226\u20131232 (2009).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dialysis Transplantation"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83156-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83156-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83156-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T04:34:02Z","timestamp":1735965242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83156-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["83156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-83156-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial or non-financial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All protocols in this study were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee on Animal Care, Hamadan, Iran (IR.UMSHA.REC.1400.631), in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH publication no.85\u2009\u2212\u200923, revised 1996). All experimental procedures and reporting follow the ARRIVE guidelines for animal research.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal Ethical Considerations and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"389"}}