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This study investigated the fracture properties of the thoracic aneurysmatic aorta (TAA) using the symmetry-constraint Compact Tension (symconCT) test and compared results to native and enzymatic-treated porcine aortas\u2019 tests. With age, the aortic stiffness increased, and tissues ruptured at lower fracture energy <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$D$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula>. Patients with bicuspid aortic valves were more sensitive to age, had stronger aortas and required more <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$D$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> than tricuspid valves individuals (peak load: axial loading 4.42 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 1.56 N vs 2.51 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 1.60 N; circumferential loading 5.76 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 2.43 N vs 4.82 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 1.49 N. Fracture energy: axial loading 1.92 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 0.60 kJ m<jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup> vs 0.74 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 0.50 kJ m<jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>; circumferential loading 2.12 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 2.39 kJ m<jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup> vs 1.47 <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\pm$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> 0.91 kJ m<jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>). Collagen content partly explained the variability in <jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$D$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula>, especially in bicuspid cases. Besides the primary crack, TAAs and enzymatic-treated porcine aortas displayed diffuse and shear-dominated dissection and tearing. As human tissue tests resembled enzymatic-treated porcine aortas, microstructural degeneration, including elastin loss and collagen degeneration, seems to be the main cause of TAA wall weakening. Additionally, a tortuous crack developing during the symconCT test reflected intact fracture toughening mechanisms and might characterize a healthier aorta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83233-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T11:39:46Z","timestamp":1735904386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fracture properties of porcine versus human thoracic aortas from tricuspid\/bicuspid aortic valve patients via symmetry-constraint Compact Tension testing"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Alloisio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Siika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Freiholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Franco-Cereceda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna M.","family":"Bj\u00f6rck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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