{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:18:53Z","timestamp":1793110733676,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tres Cantos Open Lab Foundation","award":["TC283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TC283"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With increasing antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria, including those causing <jats:italic>Shigellosis,<\/jats:italic> evidence of safety and pharmacokinetics data on new oral antibiotics is crucial. We aimed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of an oral carbapenem, tebipenem pivoxil, along with it\u2019s ability to produce desired results in childhood shigellosis. This randomized pilot clinical trial was conducted at Dhaka Hospital, icddr,b in 2022 between May and September. Thirty suspected shigellosis cases aged 24\u201359\u00a0months were randomized across two treatment groups equally: tebipenem pivoxil and azithromycin. Pharmacokinetics of tebipenem was assessed among fifteen children who received tebipenem pivoxil using Noncompartmental analysis (NCA). Clinical (absence of fever, abdominal pain\/tenderness, diarrhoea, blood in stool, or death before Day-3) and microbiological (absence of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> on Day-7 culture) success after the antibiotic interventions were also evaluated. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the randomization arms. Twelve children, each in the azithromycin arm and tebipenem arm, were positive for <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> by culture on enrolment. C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> values of 5053.3, 2546.0, and 3759.2 ng\/mL were observed for plasma tebipenem on Day-0, 1, and 2 respectively. Clinical success was observed among seven participants in each arm while two in the azithromycin arm and three in the tebipenem arm failed microbiologically. The tolerability and efficaciousness of tebipenem pivoxil appear to be comparable to azithromycin in treating childhood shigellosis in Bangladesh. We recommend a larger clinical trial to determine non-inferiority of tebipenem in regards to the current treatment guidelines. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83549-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T21:05:09Z","timestamp":1735592709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of tebipenem pivoxil used in children suffering from shigellosis: a pilot study in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sharika","family":"Nuzhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Ridwan","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Jayedul","family":"Bashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasish","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukaeya","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhana","family":"Khanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilruba","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia B.","family":"Pavlinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy X.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel L. M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Newlands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammod Jobayer","family":"Chisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"83549_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Diarrhoea, <https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/diarrhoea> (2023)."},{"key":"83549_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","volume":"390","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naghavi, M. et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 390, 1151\u20131210 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"83549_CR3","unstructured":"UNICEF. Diarrhoea, <https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-health\/diarrhoeal-disease\/> (2023)."},{"key":"83549_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00073-14","volume":"28","author":"RM Humphries","year":"2015","unstructured":"Humphries, R. M. & Linscott, A. J. Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 28, 3\u201331 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"83549_CR5","unstructured":"Exchange, I. G. H. D. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, <https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-results\/> (2019)."},{"key":"83549_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/dgkh000308","author":"MMS Dallal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dallal, M. M. S. et al. Molecular analysis of integrons and antimicrobial resistance profile in Shigella spp. isolated from acute pediatric diarrhea patients. GMS Hyg. Infect. Control https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3205\/dgkh000308 (2018).","journal-title":"GMS Hyg. Infect. Control"},{"key":"83549_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1752-1","volume":"8","author":"A Gebrekidan Kahsay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gebrekidan Kahsay, A. & Teklemariam, Z. Prevalence of Shigella among diarrheic children under-5 years of age attending at Mekelle health center, north Ethiopia. BMC Res. Notes 8, 1\u20134 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"83549_CR8","volume-title":"Hunter\u2019s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases 492\u2013499","author":"ML Bennish","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bennish, M. L. & Ahmed, S. Hunter\u2019s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases 492\u2013499 (Elsevier, 2020)."},{"key":"83549_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85338","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085338","volume":"9","author":"MS Iqbal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iqbal, M. S. et al. Plasmid-mediated sulfamethoxazole resistance encoded by the sul2 gene in the multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri 2a isolated from patients with acute diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 9, e85338 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"83549_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082601","volume":"8","author":"AI Ud-Din","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ud-Din, A. I. et al. Changing trends in the prevalence of Shigella species: emergence of multi-drug resistant Shigella sonnei biotype g in Bangladesh. PloS ONE 8, e82601 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"83549_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781683670261.ch2","author":"P Schnupf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schnupf, P. & Sansonetti, P. J. Shigella pathogenesis: new insights through advanced methodologies. Bacteria Intracell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/9781683670261.ch2 (2019).","journal-title":"Bacteria Intracell."},{"key":"83549_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1606-x","volume":"8","author":"A Gebrekidan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gebrekidan, A., Dejene, T. A., Kahsay, G. & Wasihun, A. G. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella among acute diarrheal outpatients in Mekelle hospital, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res. Notes 8, 1\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"83549_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46818-0","volume":"56","author":"F Grimont","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimont, F. et al. Identification of a group of shigella-like isolates as Shigella boydii 20. J. Med. Microbiol. 56, 749\u2013754 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"83549_CR14","volume-title":"The Treatment of Diarrhoea: A Manual for Physicians and Other Senior Health Workers","author":"WH Organization","year":"2005","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. The Treatment of Diarrhoea: A Manual for Physicians and Other Senior Health Workers (World Health Organization, 2005)."},{"key":"83549_CR15","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. The WHO essential medicines list antibiotic book: improving antibiotic AWaReness. (2021)."},{"key":"83549_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30756-4","volume":"8","author":"SM Hamed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamed, S. M. et al. Multiple mechanisms contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance among Gram negative bacteria causing infections to cancer patients. Sci. Rep. 8, 1\u201310 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"83549_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0277574","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277574","volume":"17","author":"S Nuzhat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nuzhat, S. et al. Antimicrobial resistance in shigellosis: A surveillance study among urban and rural children over 20 years in Bangladesh. Plos ONE 17, e0277574 (2022).","journal-title":"Plos ONE"},{"key":"83549_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15233","volume":"57","author":"MR Islam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Islam, M. R. et al. Antibiotic exposure among young infants suffering from diarrhoea in Bangladesh. J. Paediatr. Child Health 57, 395\u2013402 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"83549_CR19","volume-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Oxford University Press, 2019)."},{"key":"83549_CR20","first-page":"155","volume":"62","author":"S Baba","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baba, S. et al. Clinical efficacy, safety and PK-PD analysis of tebipenem pivoxil in a phase II clinical trial in otolaryngological infections. Japan. J. Antibiot. 62, 155\u2013177 (2009).","journal-title":"Japan. J. Antibiot."},{"key":"83549_CR21","first-page":"186","volume":"57","author":"K Totsuka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Totsuka, K. et al. PK-PD analysis of tebipenem pivoxil in clinical trials for pediatric patients. Japan. J. Chemother. 57, 186\u2013191 (2009).","journal-title":"Japan. J. Chemother."},{"key":"83549_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00603","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00603-19","volume":"63","author":"L McEntee","year":"2019","unstructured":"McEntee, L. et al. Pharmacodynamics of tebipenem: new options for oral treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 63, e00603-00619 (2019).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"83549_CR23","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"NR Khanna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khanna, N. R. & Gerriets, V. StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing, 2020)."},{"key":"83549_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-12-22","volume":"12","author":"M Bassetti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bassetti, M., Merelli, M., Temperoni, C. & Astilean, A. New antibiotics for bad bugs: where are we?. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 12, 22 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"83549_CR25","unstructured":"Health, U. D. o. & Services, H. Division of AIDS (DAIDS) table for grading the severity of adult and pediatric adverse events. Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (2017)."},{"key":"83549_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.23.434","volume":"23","author":"N Sato","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sato, N. et al. Population pharmacokinetics of tebipenem pivoxil (ME1211), a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic, in pediatric patients with otolaryngological infection or pneumonia. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 23, 434\u2013446 (2008).","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"83549_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1496821","volume":"16","author":"A Jain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jain, A., Utley, L., Parr, T. R., Zabawa, T. & Pucci, M. J. Tebipenem, the first oral carbapenem antibiotic. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 16, 513\u2013522 (2018).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"83549_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"taac132","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac132","volume":"30","author":"BA Muzembo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muzembo, B. A. et al. Burden of Shigella in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Travel Med. 30, taac132 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"83549_CR29","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. (2005)."},{"key":"83549_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102533","volume":"9","author":"IJ Azmi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Azmi, I. J. et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms of Shigella flexneri isolated in Bangladesh. PloS ONE 9, e102533 (2014).","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"83549_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2538","volume":"132","author":"LK Pickering","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pickering, L. K., Peter, G. & Shulman, S. T. The Red Book through the ages. Pediatrics 132, 898\u2013906 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"83549_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1086\/386326","volume":"38","author":"A Gupta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Polyak, C. S., Bishop, R. D., Sobel, J. & Mintz, E. D. Laboratory-confirmed shigellosis in the United States, 1989\u20132002: epidemiologic trends and patterns. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38, 1372\u20131377 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"83549_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.5.1177","volume":"168","author":"FJ Mahoney","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mahoney, F. J., Farley, T. A., Burbank, D. F., Leslie, N. H. & McFarland, L. M. Evaluation of an intervention program for the control of an outbreak of shigellosis among institutionalized persons. J. Infect. Dis. 168, 1177\u20131180 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"83549_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30902-4","volume":"7","author":"FJ Mahoney","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mahoney, F. J. et al. Evaluation of an intervention program in the control of an urban outbreak of shigellosis. Am. J. Prev. Med. 7, 292\u2013297 (1991).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"83549_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2023.2179451","volume":"117","author":"A Baharvand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baharvand, A. et al. The increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella species among Iranian pediatrics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathog. Glob. Health 117, 1\u201312 (2023).","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"83549_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050817","volume":"12","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed, S. et al. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. in Bangladesh: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 44,519 samples. Antibiotics 12, 817 (2023).","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"83549_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.09.025","volume":"11","author":"M Puzari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Puzari, M., Sharma, M. & Chetia, P. Emergence of antibiotic resistant Shigella species: A matter of concern. J. Infect. Public Health 11, 451\u2013454 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"83549_CR38","first-page":"53","volume":"69","author":"H Kataoka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kataoka, H., Kasahara, H., Sasagawa, Y., Matsumoto, M. & Shimada, S. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of tebipenem pivoxil granules for pediatric in pneumonia, otitis media and sinusitis. Japan. J. Antibiot. 69, 53\u201376 (2016).","journal-title":"Japan. J. Antibiot."},{"key":"83549_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02618","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02618-18","volume":"63","author":"SR Arends","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arends, S. R. et al. Antimicrobial activity evaluation of tebipenem (SPR859), an orally available carbapenem, against a global set of Enterobacteriaceae isolates, including a challenge set of organisms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 63, e02618-02618 (2019).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"83549_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab326","volume":"76","author":"E Mylona","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mylona, E. et al. Tebipenem as an oral alternative for the treatment of typhoid caused by XDR Salmonella Typhi. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 76, 3197\u20133200 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"83549_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69798","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69798","volume":"11","author":"E Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1lvaro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1lvaro, E. et al. The repurposing of Tebipenem pivoxil as alternative therapy for severe gastrointestinal infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Shigella spp.. Elife 11, e69798 (2022).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"83549_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.4.762","volume":"36","author":"M Nakashima","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nakashima, M. et al. Phase I clinical studies of S-1108: safety and pharmacokinetics in a multiple-administration study with special emphasis on the influence on carnitine body stores. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36, 762\u2013768 (1992).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"83549_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.12.2664","volume":"41","author":"K Umemura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Umemura, K. et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of CS-834, a new oral carbapenem antibiotic, in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 2664\u20132669 (1997).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"83549_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90269-2","volume":"90","author":"GD Shanks","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shanks, G. D., Ragama, O. B., Aleman, G. M., Andersen, S. L. & Gordon, D. M. Azithromycin prophylaxis prevents epidemic dysentery. Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90, 316\u2013316 (1996).","journal-title":"Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"83549_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390130169028","volume":"150","author":"D Cohen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cohen, D., Alkan, M., Greenbaum, A., NavaJelin, N. & Steinherz, R. Doxycycline prophylaxis for shigellosis. Arch. Intern. Med. 150, 209\u2013212 (1990).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"83549_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1086\/503039","volume":"42","author":"DN Taylor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taylor, D. N. et al. Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42, 1283\u20131288 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"83549_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90264-6","author":"HL DuPont","year":"2001","unstructured":"DuPont, H. L. & Steffen, R. Textbook of travel medicine and health. Textbook Travel Med. Health https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90264-6 (2001).","journal-title":"Textbook Travel Med. Health"},{"key":"83549_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.03.003","volume":"143","author":"MJ Parnham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parnham, M. J. et al. Azithromycin: mechanisms of action and their relevance for clinical applications. Pharmacol. Ther. 143, 225\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.03.003 (2014).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"83549_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0008536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008536","volume":"14","author":"ET Rogawski McQuade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogawski McQuade, E. T. et al. Epidemiology of Shigella infections and diarrhea in the first two years of life using culture-independent diagnostics in 8 low-resource settings. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 14, e0008536 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83549-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83549-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83549-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T10:11:00Z","timestamp":1735639860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83549-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["83549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-83549-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AN is an employee of the GSK group of companies and owns shares in it. AN declares no other financial and non-financial relationships and activities. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The randomized controlled trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05121974, 16\/11\/2021) and the research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) (approval number: PR-21005). All clinical aspects of the study were supervised by the investigators and study physicians. Names of the participants were de-identified prior to analysis. Written informed consent was collected from each participant prior to enrolment. The trial was carried out in full compliance with good clinical practices guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declaration"}}],"article-number":"31965"}}