{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:28:59Z","timestamp":1787761739399,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Promotion Program through the Gangneung Asan Hospital funded by the Asan Foundation","award":["2024II0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024II0008"]}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute","award":["HI23C0679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI23C0679"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022M3A9G8017220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M3A9G8017220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF","award":["2022M3A9G8017220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M3A9G8017220"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health research project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024ER080600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ER080600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83648-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T16:09:22Z","timestamp":1735574962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between body mass index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals: a nationwide population\u2011based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5643-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiwook","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Na","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8128-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Wook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4814-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sei Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"83648_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agusti, A. et al. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease 2023 report: GOLD executive summary. Eur. Respir J. 61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023 (2023).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023"},{"key":"83648_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0218PP","volume":"195","author":"CF Vogelmeier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vogelmeier, C. F. et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. GOLD executive summary. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 195, 557\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201701-0218PP (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"83648_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00511-7","volume":"10","author":"D Adeloye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adeloye, D. et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: A systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 10, 447\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00511-7 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"83648_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2021.1884213","volume":"18","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Chen, H., Gu, K., Chen, J. & Jiang, X. Association of body mass index with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. COPD 18, 101\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15412555.2021.1884213 (2021).","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"83648_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200612-1749OC","volume":"176","author":"N Zhong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhong, N. et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: A large, population-based survey. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 176, 753\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200612-1749OC (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"83648_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benz, E. et al. Sarcopenia in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir Rev. 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0049-2019 (2019).","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0049-2019"},{"key":"83648_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.04.005","volume":"42","author":"M Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng, M. et al. Global prevalence of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Nutr. 42, 848\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.04.005 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"83648_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fuller-Thomson, E., Howden, K. E. N., Fuller-Thomson, L. R. & Agbeyaka, S. A strong graded relationship between level of obesity and COPD: Findings from a National Population-based study of lifelong nonsmokers. J. Obes. 2018 (6149263). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/6149263 (2018).","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6149263"},{"key":"83648_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2018.1506331","volume":"12","author":"AE Dixon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dixon, A. E. & Peters, U. The effect of obesity on lung function. Expert Rev. Respir Med. 12, 755\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17476348.2018.1506331 (2018).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir Med."},{"key":"83648_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.13.1477","volume":"162","author":"DD Sin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sin, D. D., Jones, R. L. & Man, S. F. Obesity is a risk factor for dyspnea but not for airflow obstruction. Arch. Intern. Med. 162, 1477\u20131481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.162.13.1477 (2002).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"83648_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw253","volume":"46","author":"S Cheol Seong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheol Seong, S. et al. Data resource profile: The National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. Int. J. Epidemiol. 46, 799\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyw253 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"83648_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e016640","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016640","volume":"7","author":"SC Seong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seong, S. C. et al. Cohort profile: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) in Korea. BMJ Open. 7, e016640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016640 (2017).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"83648_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, J., Lee, J. S., Park, S. H., Shin, S. A. & Kim, K. Cohort profile: The National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC), South Korea. Int J Epidemiol 46, e15. (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyv319","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv319"},{"key":"83648_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.23838\/pfm.2021.00135","volume":"6","author":"DW Shin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shin, D. W., Cho, J., Park, J. H. & Cho, B. National General Health screening program in Korea: History, current status, and future direction. Precis Future Med. 6, 9\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23838\/pfm.2021.00135 (2022).","journal-title":"Precis Future Med."},{"key":"83648_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190885","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1190885","volume":"10","author":"C Chung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chung, C., Lee, K. N., Han, K., Shin, D. W. & Lee, S. W. Effect of smoking on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals: A nationwide cohort study. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 10, 1190885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1190885 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"83648_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.02.014","author":"C Chung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chung, C. et al. Does rheumatoid arthritis increase the risk of COPD? A nationwide retrospective cohort study. Chest https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2024.02.014 (2024).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"83648_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chung, C., Lee, K. N., Shin, D. W., Lee, S. W. & Han, K. Low household income increases risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young population: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea. BMJ Open. Respir Res. 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2024-002444 (2024).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2024-002444"},{"key":"83648_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.335","volume":"45","author":"E Anuurad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anuurad, E. et al. The new BMI criteria for asians by the regional office for the western pacific region of WHO are suitable for screening of overweight to prevent metabolic syndrome in elder Japanese workers. J. Occup. Health. 45, 335\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1539\/joh.45.335 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"83648_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14854","volume":"320","author":"KL Piercy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piercy, K. L. et al. The physical activity guidelines for americans. JAMA 320, 2020\u20132028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.14854 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"83648_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","volume":"112","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grundy, S. M. et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association\/National heart, lung, and blood institute scientific statement. Circulation 112, 2735\u20132752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404 (2005).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"83648_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.04.013","volume":"75","author":"SY Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, S. Y. et al. Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 75, 72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.04.013 (2007).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"83648_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Association between adiposity measures and COPD risk in Chinese adults. Eur. Respir J. 55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01899-2019 (2020).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01899-2019"},{"key":"83648_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00981.2012","volume":"114","author":"J Gea","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gea, J., Agusti, A. & Roca, J. Pathophysiology of muscle dysfunction in COPD. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 114, 1222\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00981.2012 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"83648_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1209-5","volume":"20","author":"Y Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. BMI is associated with FEV(1) decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis of clinical trials. Respir Res. 20, 236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1209-5 (2019).","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"83648_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E418","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.08.04","volume":"7","author":"J Gea","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gea, J., Pascual, S., Casadevall, C., Orozco-Levi, M. & Barreiro, E. Muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Update on causes and biological findings. J. Thorac. Dis. 7, E418\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.08.04 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"83648_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103573","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1103573","volume":"14","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, H. et al. Sex-specific non-linear associations between body mass index and impaired pulmonary ventilation function in a community-based population: Longgang COPD study. Front. Pharmacol. 14, 1103573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1103573 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"83648_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.06.031","volume":"42","author":"M Engelen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Engelen, M. et al. Sex related differences in muscle health and metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Nutr. 42, 1737\u20131746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.06.031 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"83648_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.254","volume":"12","author":"SW Oh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oh, S. W., Shin, S. A., Yun, Y. H., Yoo, T. & Huh, B. Y. Cut-off point of BMI and obesity-related comorbidities and mortality in middle-aged koreans. Obes. Res. 12, 2031\u20132040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2004.254 (2004).","journal-title":"Obes. Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83648-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83648-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83648-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T05:11:47Z","timestamp":1735621907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-83648-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["83648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-83648-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The ethical approval in this study was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (IRB No. 2022\u2009\u2212\u20091593). The requirement for informed consent was waived, as it was a retrospective study, and the data used were anonymized. This study complied with the guidelines stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}}],"article-number":"31976"}}