{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T02:29:01Z","timestamp":1793932141295,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have been an important diagnostic tool for detecting\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria in resource-limited settings. Most tests are designed to detect the Histidine-rich Protein 2 (HRP2). Parasites lacking\n                    <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its homologous\n                    <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been reported in several regions, with prevalence reaching 100% in certain areas. To better characterize\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates circulating in the Brazil-Venezuela-Guyana tri-border region, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 365 samples collected between 2016 and 2018. Molecular and immunological methods were employed to detect HRP2 and confirm\n                    <jats:italic>pfhrp2\/3<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletions. Our findings point to a low prevalence (1%) of\n                    <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deleted parasites confirmed by the lack of HRP2 detection. Among false-negative HRP2-RDT tests (6%), most were attributed to low parasite densities. A merozoite surface protein 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>msp2<\/jats:italic>\n                    )-based intra-host diversity analysis suggested overall low genetic diversity. The pattern of HRP2 sequences resembled that has been previously described in areas along the Brazil and French Guiana border. In conclusion, we have found a low prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deleted parasites in the north-central Guiana Shield, which contrasts with the findings reported at the Peru border. Continued surveys are necessary to monitor the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion in this area characterized by a high number of cross-border malaria cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83727-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T06:40:55Z","timestamp":1735886455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maria Eduarda","family":"Pereira Mascarenhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Louzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Amorim Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Ma\u00edra Pereira","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Satiko Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseli","family":"Oliveira-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tais Nobrega","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"83727_CR1","unstructured":"Brasil\u2014Ministerio da Sa\u00fade. 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Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00035-07 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"83727_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03739-6","volume":"20","author":"A Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong, A. et al. HRP2 and HRP3 cross-reactivity and implications for HRP2-based RDT use in regions with Plasmodium falciparum hrp2 gene deletions. Malar. J. 20, 207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03739-6 (2021).","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"83727_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04051-7","volume":"21","author":"A Zeleke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeleke, A. et al. PlasmFalciparumiparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes deletion in global settings (2010\u20132021): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar. J. 21, 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04051-7 (2022).","journal-title":"Malar. 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