{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:29:24Z","timestamp":1793734164278,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic","award":["LTAUSA18154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTAUSA18154"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["QL24010275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QL24010275"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["QL24010275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QL24010275"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["QL24010275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QL24010275"]}]},{"name":"NASA, LCLUC Program NNH17ZDA001N-LCLUC","award":["80NSSC18K0337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC18K0337"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A wide range of portable chlorophyll meters are increasingly being used to measure leaf chlorophyll content as an indicator of plant performance, providing reference data for remote sensing studies. We tested the effect of leaf anatomy on the relationship between optical assessments of chlorophyll (Chl) against biochemically determined Chl content as a reference. Optical Chl assessments included measurements taken by four chlorophyll meters: three transmittance-based (SPAD-502, Dualex-4 Scientific, and MultispeQ 2.0), one fluorescence-based (CCM-300), and vegetation indices calculated from the 400\u20132500 nm leaf reflectance acquired using an ASD FieldSpec and a contact plant probe. Three leaf types with different anatomy were included: dorsiventral laminar leaves, grass leaves, and needles. On laminar leaves, all instruments performed well for chlorophyll content estimation (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.80, nRMSE\u2009&lt;\u200915%), regardless of the variation in their specific internal structure (mesomorphic, scleromorphic, or scleromorphic with hypodermis), similarly to the performance of four reflectance indices (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.90, nRMSE\u2009&lt;\u200916%). For grasses, the model to predict chlorophyll content across multiple species had low performance with CCM-300 (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.45, nRMSE\u2009=\u200911%) and failed for SPAD. For Norway spruce needles, the relation of CCM-300 values to chlorophyll content was also weak (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.45, nRMSE\u2009=\u200911%). To improve the accuracy of data used for remote sensing algorithm development, we recommend calibration of chlorophyll meter measurements with biochemical assessments, especially for species with anatomy other than laminar dicot leaves. The take-home message is that portable chlorophyll meters perform well for laminar leaves and grasses with wider leaves, however, their accuracy is limited for conifer needles and narrow grass leaves. Species-specific calibrations are necessary to account for anatomical variations, and adjustments in sampling protocols may be required to improve measurement reliability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84052-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T16:10:49Z","timestamp":1736784649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mind the leaf anatomy while taking ground truth with portable chlorophyll meters"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Lhot\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Neuwirthov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark\u00e9ta","family":"Pot\u016f\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"\u010cerven\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Kupkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Luke\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petya","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Albrechtov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"84052_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0028-646X.2001.00289.x","volume":"153","author":"AD Richardson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richardson, A. D., Duigan, S. P. & Berlyn, G. P. An evaluation of noninvasive methods to estimate foliar chlorophyll content. New Phytol. 153, 185\u2013194 (2002).","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"84052_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.09.014","volume":"113","author":"R Houborg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Houborg, R., Anderson, M. & Daughtry, C. Utility of an image-based canopy reflectance modeling tool for remote estimation of LAI and leaf chlorophyll content at the field scale. Remote Sens. Environ. 113, 259\u2013274 (2009).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149567","volume":"801","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., He, N., Li, M., Yan, P. & Yu, G. Community chlorophyll quantity determines the spatial variation of grassland productivity. Sci. Total Environ. 801, 149567 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168288","volume":"908","author":"C Brewster","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brewster, C., Fenner, N. & Hayes, F. Chronic ozone exposure affects nitrogen remobilization in wheat at key growth stages. Sci. Total Environ. 908, 168288 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155745","volume":"836","author":"M Gr\u00e4f","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gr\u00e4f, M. et al. Application of leaf analysis in addition to growth assessment to evaluate the suitability of greywater for irrigation of Tilia cordata and Acer pseudoplatanus. Sci. Total Environ. 836, 155745 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159858","volume":"858","author":"H Hong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hong, H. et al. Warming delays but grazing advances leaf senescence of five plant species in an alpine meadow. Sci. Total Environ. 858, 159858 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150219","volume":"805","author":"D Chi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chi, D., Van Meerbeek, K., Yu, K., Degerickx, J. & Somers, B. Foliar optical traits capture physiological and phenological leaf plasticity in Tilia\u00d7euchlora in the urban environment. Sci. Total Environ. 805, 150219 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1039\/c3em00388d","volume":"15","author":"Z Lhot\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lhot\u00e1kov\u00e1, Z. et al. Detection of multiple stresses in scots pine growing at post-mining sites using visible to near-infrared spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 15, 2004\u20132015 (2013).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"84052_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2023.2188425","author":"KC Kandpal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kandpal, K. C. & Kumar, A. Migrating from invasive to noninvasive techniques for enhanced leaf chlorophyll content estimations efficiency. Critic. Rev. Anal. Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408347.2023.2188425 (2023).","journal-title":"Critic. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"84052_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111872","volume":"246","author":"A Beamish","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beamish, A. et al. Recent trends and remaining challenges for optical remote sensing of Arctic tundra vegetation: A review and outlook. Remote Sens. Environ. 246, 111872 (2020).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6175","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab295","volume":"72","author":"AC Burnett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burnett, A. C. et al. A best-practice guide to predicting plant traits from leaf-level hyperspectral data using partial least squares regression. J. Exp. Botany 72, 6175\u20136189 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722442","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.722442","volume":"13","author":"Y Angel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Angel, Y. & McCabe, M. F. Machine learning strategies for the retrieval of leaf-chlorophyll dynamics: Model choice, sequential versus retraining learning, and hyperspectral predictors. Front. Plant Sci. 13, 722442 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.4.000011","volume":"4","author":"DM Gates","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gates, D. M., Keegan, H. J., Schleter, J. C. & Weidner, V. R. Spectral properties of plants. Appl. Opt. 4, 11\u201320 (1965).","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"84052_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lichtenthaler, H. K. [34] Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. in (ed. Enzymology, B.-M. in) vol. 148 350\u2013382 (Academic Press, 1987).","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)48036-1"},{"key":"84052_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01214643","volume":"25","author":"HK Lichtenthaler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lichtenthaler, H. K., Buschmann, C., Rinderle, U. & Schmuck, G. Application of chlorophyll fluorescence in ecophysiology. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 25, 297\u2013308 (1986).","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"84052_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.023","volume":"178","author":"AA Gitelson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gitelson, A. A. & Solovchenko, A. Non-invasive quantification of foliar pigments: Possibilities and limitations of reflectance- and absorbance-based approaches. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 178, 537\u2013544 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"84052_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108686457","volume-title":"Leaf Optical Properties","author":"S Jacquemoud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jacquemoud, S. & Ustin, S. Leaf Optical Properties (Cambridge University Press, 2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108686457."},{"key":"84052_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/0028825X.2015.1042486","volume":"53","author":"J Mershon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mershon, J., Becker, M. & Bickford, C. Linkage between trichome morphology and leaf optical properties in New Zealand alpine Pachycladon (Brassicaceae). New Zealand J. Botany 53, 175\u2013182 (2015).","journal-title":"New Zealand J. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4144","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13204144","volume":"13","author":"E Neuwirthov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neuwirthov\u00e1, E., Lhot\u00e1kov\u00e1, Z., Luke\u0161, P. & Albrechtov\u00e1, J. Leaf surface reflectance does not affect biophysical traits modelling from VIS-NIR spectra in plants with sparsely distributed trichomes. Remote Sens. 13, 4144 (2021).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(98)80143-0","volume":"152","author":"AA Gitelson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gitelson, A. A., Buschmann, C. & Lichtenthaler, H. K. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence corrected for re-absorption by means of absorption and reflectance measurements. J. Plant Physiol. 152, 283\u2013296 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"84052_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.0800395","volume":"96","author":"AA Gitelson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gitelson, A. A., Chivkunova, O. B. & Merzlyak, M. N. Nondestructive estimation of anthocyanins and chlorophylls in anthocyanic leaves. Am. J. Botany 96, 1861\u20131868 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpv148","volume":"36","author":"LV Junker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Junker, L. V. & Ensminger, I. Relationship between leaf optical properties, chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment changes in senescing Acer saccharum leaves. Tree Physiol. 36, 694\u2013711 (2016).","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"84052_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.027631","volume":"133","author":"WA Hoch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoch, W. A., Singsaas, E. L. & McCown, B. H. Resorption protection. Anthocyanins facilitate nutrient recovery in autumn by shielding leaves from potentially damaging light levels. Plant Physiol. 133, 1296\u20131305 (2003).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"84052_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12201","volume":"152","author":"M Tattini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tattini, M. et al. Epidermal coumaroyl anthocyanins protect sweet basil against excess light stress: Multiple consequences of light attenuation. Physiol. Plantarum 152, 585\u2013598 (2014).","journal-title":"Physiol. Plantarum"},{"key":"84052_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2018.02.006","volume":"154","author":"KS Gould","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gould, K. S., Jay-Allemand, C., Logan, B. A., Baissac, Y. & Bidel, L. P. R. When are foliar anthocyanins useful to plants? Re-evaluation of the photoprotection hypothesis using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that differ in anthocyanin accumulation. Environ. Exp. Botany 154, 11\u201322 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2016.04.007","volume":"128","author":"M Jordheim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jordheim, M. et al. High concentrations of aromatic acylated anthocyanins found in cauline hairs in Plectranthus ciliatus. Phytochemistry 128, 27\u201334 (2016).","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"84052_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ern230","volume":"59","author":"MN Merzlyak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Merzlyak, M. N., Chivkunova, O. B., Solovchenko, A. E. & Naqvi, K. R. Light absorption by anthocyanins in juvenile, stressed, and senescing leaves. J. Exp. Botany 59, 3903\u20133911 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-020-00940-6","volume":"77","author":"A Donnelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donnelly, A., Yu, R., Rehberg, C., Meyer, G. & Young, E. B. Leaf chlorophyll estimates of temperate deciduous shrubs during autumn senescence using a SPAD-502 meter and calibration with extracted chlorophyll. Ann. For. Sci. 77, 30 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160592","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160592","volume":"3","author":"S Kuhlgert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuhlgert, S. et al. MultispeQ Beta: A tool for large-scale plant phenotyping connected to the open PhotosynQ network. R. Soc. Open Sci. 3, 160592 (2016).","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12324","volume":"37","author":"C Parry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parry, C., Blonquist, J. M. & Bugbee, B. In situ measurement of leaf chlorophyll concentration: Analysis of the optical\/absolute relationship: The optical\/absolute chlorophyll relationship. Plant Cell Environ. 37, 2508\u20132520 (2014).","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2022.109059","volume":"323","author":"LA Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown, L. A., Williams, O. & Dash, J. Calibration and characterisation of four chlorophyll meters and transmittance spectroscopy for non-destructive estimation of forest leaf chlorophyll concentration. Agric. For. Meteorol. 323, 109059 (2022).","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"84052_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2012.01639.x","volume":"146","author":"ZG Cerovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cerovic, Z. G., Masdoumier, G., Ghozlen, N. B. & Latouche, G. A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids. Physiol. Plantarum 146, 251\u2013260 (2012).","journal-title":"Physiol. Plantarum"},{"key":"84052_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.43.004488","volume":"43","author":"Y Goulas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goulas, Y., Cerovic, Z. G., Cartelat, A. & Moya, I. Dualex: A new instrument for field measurements of epidermal ultraviolet absorbance by chlorophyll fluorescence. Appl. Opt. 43, 4488 (2004).","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"84052_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-007-9187-8","volume":"92","author":"C Buschmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buschmann, C. Variability and application of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission ratio red\/far-red of leaves. Photosynth. Res. 92, 261\u2013271 (2007).","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"84052_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(99)00023-1","volume":"69","author":"AA Gitelson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gitelson, A. A., Buschmann, C. & Lichtenthaler, H. K. The chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F735\/F700 as an accurate measure of the chlorophyll content in plants. Remote Sens. Environ. 69, 296\u2013302 (1999).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10712-018-9478-y","volume":"40","author":"J Verrelst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verrelst, J. et al. Quantifying vegetation biophysical variables from imaging spectroscopy data: A review on retrieval methods. Surv. Geophys. 40, 589\u2013629 (2019).","journal-title":"Surv. Geophys."},{"key":"84052_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.11.002","volume":"231","author":"J-B F\u00e9ret","year":"2019","unstructured":"F\u00e9ret, J.-B. et al. Estimating leaf mass per area and equivalent water thickness based on leaf optical properties: Potential and limitations of physical modeling and machine learning. Remote Sens. Environ. 231, 110959 (2019).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5265","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802036359","volume":"29","author":"L Serrano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Serrano, L. Effects of leaf structure on reflectance estimates of chlorophyll content. Int. J. Remote Sens. 29, 5265\u20135274 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.2307\/2657019","volume":"88","author":"MR Slaton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Slaton, M. R., Hunt, E. R. & Smith, W. K. Estimating near-infrared leaf reflectance from leaf structural characteristics. Am. J. Botany 88, 278\u2013284 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33157-3_14","volume-title":"How the Optical Properties of Leaves Modify the Absorption and Scattering of Energy and Enhance Leaf Functionality","author":"S Ustin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ustin, S. & Jacquemoud, S. How the Optical Properties of Leaves Modify the Absorption and Scattering of Energy and Enhance Leaf Functionality 349\u2013384 (Springer, 2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33157-3_14."},{"key":"84052_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.12.011","volume":"174","author":"B Bar\u00e1nkov\u00e1","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bar\u00e1nkov\u00e1, B., Laz\u00e1r, D. & Nau\u0161, J. Analysis of the effect of chloroplast arrangement on optical properties of green tobacco leaves. Remote Sens. Environ. 174, 181\u2013196 (2016).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22728","volume":"52","author":"K Fukushima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fukushima, K. & Hasebe, M. Adaxial-abaxial polarity: The developmental basis of leaf shape diversity: Development and evolution of leaf types. Genesis 52, 1\u201318 (2014).","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"84052_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15371","volume":"221","author":"PA Conklin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conklin, P. A., Strable, J., Li, S. & Scanlon, M. J. On the mechanisms of development in monocot and eudicot leaves. New Phytol. 221, 706\u2013724 (2019).","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"84052_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-009-0031-6","volume":"47","author":"RA Marenco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marenco, R. A., Antezana-Vera, S. A. & Nascimento, H. C. S. Relationship between specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf water content and SPAD-502 readings in six Amazonian tree species. Photosynthesis 47, 184\u2013190 (2009).","journal-title":"Photosynthesis"},{"key":"84052_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1051\/forest\/2010020","volume":"67","author":"S Coste","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coste, S. et al. Assessing foliar chlorophyll contents with the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter: A calibration test with thirteen tree species of tropical rainforest in French Guiana. Ann. For. Sci. 67, 607\u2013607 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1071\/PP9940475","volume":"21","author":"J Evans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Evans, J., Caemmerer, S., Setchell, B. & Hudson, G. The relationship between CO2 transfer conductance and leaf anatomy in transgenic tobacco with a reduced content of rubisco. Funct. Plant Biol. 21, 475 (1994).","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"84052_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/25.11.1409","volume":"25","author":"K Aasamaa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aasamaa, K., Niinemets, \u00dc. & S\u00f5ber, A. Leaf hydraulic conductance in relation to anatomical and functional traits during Populus tremula leaf ontogeny. Tree Physiol. 25, 1409\u20131418 (2005).","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"84052_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.130.2.152","volume":"130","author":"JL Jifon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jifon, J. L., Syvertsen, J. P. & Whaley, E. Growth environment and leaf anatomy affect nondestructive estimates of chlorophyll and nitrogen in Citrus sp. Leaves. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 130, 152\u2013158 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-010-9587-z","volume":"105","author":"J Nau\u0161","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nau\u0161, J., Prokopov\u00e1, J., \u0158eb\u00ed\u010dek, J. & \u0160pundov\u00e1, M. SPAD chlorophyll meter reading can be pronouncedly affected by chloroplast movement. Photosynth. Res. 105, 265\u2013271 (2010).","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"84052_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01705.x","volume":"51","author":"JH McClendon","year":"1990","unstructured":"McClendon, J. H. & Fukshansky, L. On the interpretation of absorption spectra of leaves\u2013II. The non-absorbed ray of the sieve effect and the mean optical pathlength in the remainder of the leaf. Photochem. Photobiol. 51, 211\u2013216 (1990).","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"84052_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2011.02402.x","volume":"34","author":"PA Davis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davis, P. A., Caylor, S., Whippo, C. W. & Hangarter, R. P. Changes in leaf optical properties associated with light-dependent chloroplast movements: Chloroplast movement and leaf optics. Plant Cell Environ. 34, 2047\u20132059 (2011).","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01704.x","volume":"51","author":"JH McClendon","year":"1990","unstructured":"McClendon, J. H. & Fukshansky, L. On the interpretation of absorption spectra of leaves\u2013I. Introduction and the correction of leaf spectra for surface reflection. Photochem. Photobiol. 51, 203\u2013210 (1990).","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"84052_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-006-9077-5","volume":"91","author":"J Uddling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uddling, J., Gelang-Alfredsson, J., Piikki, K. & Pleijel, H. Evaluating the relationship between leaf chlorophyll concentration and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings. Photosynth. Res. 91, 37\u201346 (2007).","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"84052_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222706","volume":"11","author":"T Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong, T. et al. Assessment of portable chlorophyll meters for measuring crop leaf chlorophyll concentration. Remote Sens. 11, 2706 (2019).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111862","volume":"246","author":"P Luke\u0161","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luke\u0161, P., Neuwirthov\u00e1, E., Lhot\u00e1kov\u00e1, Z., Janoutov\u00e1, R. & Albrechtov\u00e1, J. Upscaling seasonal phenological course of leaf dorsiventral reflectance in radiative transfer model. Remote Sens. Environ. 246, 111862 (2020).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR56","unstructured":"Bercu, R. Anatomical aspects of Ficus lyrata Warb. (Moraceae) leaf. Annals of West University of Timi\u015foara, ser. Biology (2015)."},{"key":"84052_CR57","unstructured":"Bercu, R. Some general anatomical aspects of Ficus benjamina L. cv. Danielle (Moraceae) leaf. (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series 43\u201349 (2016)."},{"key":"84052_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2020.153161","volume":"249","author":"R Falcioni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Falcioni, R. et al. High resolution leaf spectral signature as a tool for foliar pigment estimation displaying potential for species differentiation. J. Plant Physiol. 249, 153161 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"84052_CR59","volume-title":"Biostatistical Analysis","author":"JH Zar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zar, J. H. Biostatistical Analysis (Prentice-Hall\/Pearson, 2010)."},{"key":"84052_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071139","volume":"12","author":"R Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong, R. et al. Estimating plant nitrogen concentration of maize using a leaf fluorescence sensor across growth stages. Remote Sens. 12, 1139 (2020).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/1343943X.2020.1717970","volume":"23","author":"M Ghosh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghosh, M., Swain, D. K., Jha, M. K., Tewari, V. K. & Bohra, A. Optimizing chlorophyll meter (SPAD) reading to allow efficient nitrogen use in rice and wheat under rice-wheat cropping system in eastern India. Plant Prod. Sci. 23, 270\u2013285 (2020).","journal-title":"Plant Prod. Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-019-09641-1","volume":"20","author":"FM Padilla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Padilla, F. M. et al. Influence of time of day on measurement with chlorophyll meters and canopy reflectance sensors of different crop N status. Precis. Agric. 20, 1087\u20131106 (2019).","journal-title":"Precis. Agric."},{"key":"84052_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-6536-6","volume":"76","author":"P Arellano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arellano, P., Tansey, K., Balzter, H. & Boyd, D. S. Field spectroscopy and radiative transfer modelling to assess impacts of petroleum pollution on biophysical and biochemical parameters of the Amazon rainforest. Environ. Earth Sci. 76, 217 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127238","volume":"423","author":"I Colzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colzi, I. et al. Impact of microplastics on growth, photosynthesis and essential elements in Cucurbita pepo L. J. Hazard. Mater. 423, 127238 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"84052_CR65","first-page":"102387","volume":"102","author":"J Zhen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhen, J. et al. Mapping leaf chlorophyll content of mangrove forests with Sentinel-2 images of four periods. Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf. 102, 102387 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf."},{"key":"84052_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1007","volume":"105","author":"KL Cary","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cary, K. L. & Pittermann, J. Small trees, big problems: Comparative leaf function under extreme edaphic stress. Am. J. Botany 105, 50\u201359 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035001","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ac5365","volume":"4","author":"KF Huemmrich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huemmrich, K. F. et al. Leaf-level chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance spectra of high latitude plants. Environ. Res. Commun. 4, 035001 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Commun."},{"key":"84052_CR68","first-page":"58","volume":"79","author":"R Darvishzadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Darvishzadeh, R. et al. Mapping leaf chlorophyll content from Sentinel-2 and RapidEye data in spruce stands using the invertible forest reflectance model. Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf. 79, 58\u201370 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf."},{"key":"84052_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0225126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225126","volume":"14","author":"M Fiorentini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiorentini, M. et al. Nitrogen and chlorophyll status determination in durum wheat as influenced by fertilization and soil management: Preliminary results. PLoS ONE 14, e0225126 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"84052_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2022-381-2022","volume":"XLIII-B3-2022","author":"L \u010cerven\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u010cerven\u00e1, L. et al. Determination of chlorophyll content in selected grass communities of Krkono\u0161e Mts. tundra based on laboratory spectroscopy and aerial hyperspectral data.. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XLIII-B3-2022, 381\u2013388 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109424","volume":"143","author":"AD Ludwig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ludwig, A. D., Doktor, D., Goss, R., Sasso, S. & Feilhauer, H. The leaf is always greener on the other side of the lab: Optical in-situ indicators for leaf chlorophyll content need improvement for semi-natural grassland areas. Ecol. Indic. 143, 109424 (2022).","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"84052_CR72","first-page":"1391","volume":"71","author":"JH McClendon","year":"1984","unstructured":"McClendon, J. H. The micro-optics of leaves. I. Patterns of reflection from the epidermis. Am. J. Botany 71, 1391\u20131397 (1984).","journal-title":"Am. J. Botany"},{"key":"84052_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-019-00624-x","volume":"141","author":"S Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, S. Comparison of two noninvasive methods for measuring the pigment content in foliose macrolichens. Photosynth. Res. 141, 245\u2013257 (2019).","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"84052_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-019-04583-x","volume":"192","author":"C Bachofen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bachofen, C., D\u2019Odorico, P. & Buchmann, N. Light and VPD gradients drive foliar nitrogen partitioning and photosynthesis in the canopy of European beech and silver fir. Oecologia 192, 323\u2013339 (2020).","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"84052_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213573","volume":"12","author":"JM Hoeppner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoeppner, J. M. et al. Mapping canopy chlorophyll content in a temperate forest using airborne hyperspectral data. Remote Sens. 12, 3573 (2020).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109311","volume":"330","author":"Y Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai, Y. et al. Bidirectional reflectance factor measurement of conifer needles with microscopic spectroscopy imaging. Agric. For. Meteorol. 330, 109311 (2023).","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"84052_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-021-05034-2","volume":"197","author":"J Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren, J. et al. Tree growth response to soil nutrients and neighborhood crowding varies between mycorrhizal types in an old-growth temperate forest. Oecologia 197, 523\u2013535 (2021).","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"84052_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpv133","volume":"36","author":"B Olascoaga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olascoaga, B., Mac Arthur, A., Atherton, J. & Porcar-Castell, A. A comparison of methods to estimate photosynthetic light absorption in leaves with contrasting morphology. Tree Physiol 36, 368\u2013379 (2016).","journal-title":"Tree Physiol"},{"key":"84052_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160600762990","volume":"27","author":"Z Malenovsk\u00fd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malenovsk\u00fd, Z. et al. Applicability of the PROSPECT model for Norway spruce needles. Int. J. Remote Sens. 27, 5315\u20135340 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR80","first-page":"192","volume":"177","author":"MA Mesarch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mesarch, M. A., Walter-Shea, E. A., Asner, G. P., Middleton, E. M. & Chan, S. S. A revised measurement methodology for conifer needles spectral optical properties: Evaluating the influence of gaps between elements. Remote Sens. Environ. 177, 192 (1999).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2292817","volume":"7","author":"L Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Rausell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Rausell, L., Malenovsky, Z., Clevers, J. G. P. W. & Schaepman, M. E. Minimizing measurement uncertainties of coniferous needle-leaf optical properties. Part II: Experimental setup and error analysis. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. 7, 406\u2013420 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.10.001","volume":"219","author":"J \u010cepl","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u010cepl, J. et al. Heritable variation in needle spectral reflectance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) peaks in red edge. Remote Sens. Environ. 219, 89\u201398 (2018).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721064","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.721064","volume":"13","author":"J Hejtm\u00e1nek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hejtm\u00e1nek, J. et al. Revealing the complex relationship among hyperspectral reflectance, photosynthetic pigments, and growth in Norway spruce ecotypes. Front. Plant Sci. 13, 721064 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112676","volume":"266","author":"K Einzmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Einzmann, K. et al. Early detection of spruce vitality loss with hyperspectral data: Results of an experimental study in Bavaria Germany. Remote Sens. Environ. 266, 112676 (2021).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428212","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1428212","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, A., Li, J. & Wu, J. Water content estimation of conifer needles using leaf-level hyperspectral data. Front. Plant Sci. 15, 1428212 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071353","volume":"13","author":"E Neuwirthov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neuwirthov\u00e1, E. et al. Leaf age matters in remote sensing: Taking ground truth for spectroscopic studies in hemiboreal deciduous trees with continuous leaf formation. Remote Sens. 13, 1353 (2021).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.00094","volume":"180","author":"AM Borsuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borsuk, A. M. & Brodersen, C. R. The spatial distribution of chlorophyll in leaves. Plant Physiol. 180, 1406\u20131417 (2019).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"84052_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(90)90100-Z","volume":"34","author":"S Jacquemoud","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jacquemoud, S. & Baret, F. PROSPECT: A model of leaf optical properties spectra. Remote Sens. Environ. 34, 75\u201391 (1990).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112205","volume":"253","author":"J Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, J., Comar, A., Weiss, M. & Baret, F. FASPECT: A model of leaf optical properties accounting for the differences between upper and lower faces. Remote Sens. Environ. 253, 112205 (2021).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2022.113444","volume":"286","author":"H Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi, H., Jiang, J., Jacquemoud, S., Xiao, Z. & Ma, M. Estimating leaf mass per area with leaf radiative transfer model. Remote Sens. Environ. 286, 113444 (2023).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"84052_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2020.107183","volume":"253","author":"A Kallel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kallel, A. FluLCVRT: Reflectance and fluorescence of leaf and canopy modeling based on Monte Carlo vector radiative transfer simulation. J. Quantit. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 253, 107183 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Quantit. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"84052_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2018.09.033","volume":"221","author":"A Kallel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kallel, A. Leaf polarized BRDF simulation based on Monte Carlo 3-D vector RT modeling. J. Quantit. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 221, 202\u2013224 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Quantit. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"84052_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11380","DOI":"10.1002\/aps3.11380","volume":"8","author":"G Th\u00e9roux-Rancourt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Th\u00e9roux-Rancourt, G. et al. Digitally deconstructing leaves in 3D using X-ray microcomputed tomography and machine learning. Appl. Plant Sci. 8, e11380 (2020).","journal-title":"Appl. Plant Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17971","volume":"234","author":"AM Borsuk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borsuk, A. M., Roddy, A. B., Th\u00e9roux-Rancourt, G. & Brodersen, C. R. Structural organization of the spongy mesophyll. New Phytol. 234, 946\u2013960 (2022).","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"84052_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859614000483","volume":"153","author":"R Casa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Casa, R., Castaldi, F., Pascucci, S. & Pignatti, S. Chlorophyll estimation in field crops: An assessment of handheld leaf meters and spectral reflectance measurements. J. Agric. Sci. 153, 876\u2013890 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"84052_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292154","DOI":"10.1080\/22797254.2023.2292154","volume":"57","author":"E Neuwirthov\u00e1","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neuwirthov\u00e1, E. et al. Asymmetry of leaf internal structure affects PLSR modelling of anatomical traits using VIS-NIR leaf level spectra. Eur. J. Remote Sens. 57, 2292154 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2023.2216847","volume":"44","author":"M \u0160vik","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u0160vik, M. et al. Retrieving plant functional traits through time series analysis of satellite observations using machine learning methods. Int. J. Remote Sens. 44, 3083\u20133105 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12051001","volume":"12","author":"L Hunt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hunt, L. et al. Leaf functional traits in relation to species composition in an arctic-alpine tundra grassland. Plants 12, 1001 (2023).","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"84052_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030391","volume":"13","author":"Z Lhot\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lhot\u00e1kov\u00e1, Z. et al. Foliage biophysical trait prediction from laboratory spectra in norway spruce is more affected by needle age than by site soil conditions. Remote Sens. 13, 391 (2021).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"84052_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00032301","volume":"46","author":"J Markwell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Markwell, J., Osterman, J. C. & Mitchell, J. L. Calibration of the Minolta SPAD-502 leaf chlorophyll meter. Photosynth. Res. 46, 467\u2013472 (1995).","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"84052_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)81192-2","volume":"144","author":"AR Wellburn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wellburn, A. R. The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. J. Plant Physiol. 144(3), 307\u2013313 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"84052_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.55.2.251","volume":"55","author":"AL Mancinelli","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mancinelli, A. L., Yang, C.-P.H., Lindquist, P., Anderson, O. R. & Rabino, I. Photocontrol of anthocyanin synthesis. Plant Physiol. 55(2), 251\u2013257 (1975).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"84052_CR103","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: The R Project for Statistical Computing,R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/ (2021)."},{"key":"84052_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-060","volume":"8","author":"Y Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang, Y., Horikoshi, M. & Li, W. ggfortify: Unified interface to visualize statistical results of popular R packages. R J. 8, 474 (2016).","journal-title":"R J."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84052-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84052-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84052-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T16:42:34Z","timestamp":1736786554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84052-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["84052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-84052-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The plant sample collection was accomplished with permission and in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"1855"}}