{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:14:27Z","timestamp":1790792067691,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"a Key Project and a Lab Project at Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College","award":["SYS20210021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYS20210021"]}]},{"name":"a project supported by the Chongqing Education Commission Science and Technology Research Program","award":["KJQN202302715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202302715"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and cataracts. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2005\u20132008 NHANES to examine the relationship between the SII and cataract prevalence. Covariates included age, race\/ethnicity, gender, education level, marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association, while spline curve fitting explored potential non-linear relationships. Threshold analysis identified critical inflection points. To address age-related bias, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was performed, aligning cataract patients with comparable non-cataract individuals for further evaluation. Our study included 3,623 participants, of whom 730 (20.15%) were diagnosed with cataracts. After adjusting for all covariates, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that elevated levels of the SII were significantly associated with increased odds of cataracts (Model1: OR\u2009=\u20091.56; 95%CI [1.33\u20131.85]; Model2: OR\u2009=\u20091.55; 95%CI [1.32\u20131.84]; Model3: OR\u2009=\u20091.57; 95%CI [1.33\u20131.86]). In the spline curve fitting model, the relationship between ln-SII and cataract prevalence was non-linear (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with a critical inflection point identified at an SII of 428.38. SII levels remained significantly associated with cataract prevalence following PSM adjustments (Model 1: OR\u2009=\u20091.48; 95% CI [1.21\u20131.80]; Model 2: OR\u2009=\u20091.48; 95% CI [1.21\u20131.80]; Model 3: OR\u2009=\u20091.46; 95% CI [1.20\u20131.78]). Elevated SII levels are associated with a higher prevalence of cataracts, underscoring the pivotal role of systemic inflammation in cataract development. These findings indicate that SII could serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing cataract risk, further emphasizing the significance of managing systemic inflammation as a potential strategy for cataract prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84204-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T22:44:45Z","timestamp":1735857885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between systemic immune inflammation index and cataract incidence from 2005 to 2008"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-lei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Nan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-feng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"84204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70803-5","volume":"365","author":"PA Asbell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Asbell, P. A. et al. Age-related cataract. Lancet 365, 599\u2013609 (2005).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"84204_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.2.95.1562","volume":"6","author":"C Cedrone","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cedrone, C. et al. Prevalence and incidence of age-related cataract in a population sample from Priverno, Italy. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 6, 95\u2013103 (1999).","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"key":"84204_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S258783","volume":"14","author":"DL Demmin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demmin, D. L. & Silverstein, S. M. Visual impairment and mental health: unmet needs and treatment options. Clin. Ophthalmol. 14, 4229\u20134251 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"84204_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701934","volume":"20","author":"C Cedrone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cedrone, C. et al. Prevalence of blindness and low vision in an Italian population: A comparison with other European studies. Eye 20, 661\u2013667 (2006).","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"84204_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12498","volume":"93","author":"H Hashemi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hashemi, H. et al. Ocular components during the ages of ocular development. Acta Ophthalmol. 93, e74\u2013e81 (2015).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"84204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01251-0","volume":"7","author":"J Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, J. et al. Aging and aging-related diseases: From molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments. Sig. Transduct Target Ther. 7, 1\u201340 (2022).","journal-title":"Sig. Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"84204_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235699","volume":"15","author":"EW Mailu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mailu, E. W., Virendrakumar, B., Bechange, S., Jolley, E. & Schmidt, E. Factors associated with the uptake of cataract surgery and interventions to improve uptake in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 15, e0235699 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"84204_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051177","volume":"15","author":"N Mahemuti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahemuti, N. et al. Association between Systemic Immunity-Inflammation Index and Hyperlipidemia: A Population-Based Study from the NHANES (2015\u20132020). Nutrients 15, 1177 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"84204_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04491-y","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and metabolic syndrome and its components: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011\u20132016. J. Transl. Med. 21, 691 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"84204_CR10","unstructured":"Associations between blood cell profiles and primary open-angle glaucoma: A retrospective case-control study - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32018245\/."},{"key":"84204_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103142","volume":"12","author":"JC Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim, J. C., Caballero Arredondo, M., Braakhuis, A. J. & Donaldson, P. J. Vitamin C and the Lens: New insights into delaying the onset of cataract. Nutrients 12, 3142 (2020).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"84204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.952953","author":"L He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, L., Xie, X., Xue, J., Xie, H. & Zhang, Y. Association of the systemic immune-inflammation index with all-cause mortality in patients with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.952953 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"84204_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02606-5","volume":"22","author":"S\u0130 Kocam\u0131\u015f","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kocam\u0131\u015f, S. \u0130, Boz, A. A. E. & \u00d6zdemir, \u0130. Systemic immune-inflammation index could be associated with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema after an uneventful phacoemulsification surgery in patients without risk factors. BMC Ophthalmol. 22, 378 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"84204_CR14","unstructured":"NHANES Questionnaires, Datasets, and Related Documentation. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/ContinuousNhanes\/Default.aspx?BeginYear=2005."},{"key":"84204_CR15","unstructured":"VIQ_D. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/2005-2006\/VIQ_D.htm."},{"key":"84204_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/467130","volume":"2012","author":"B Kisic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kisic, B., Miric, D., Zoric, L., Ilic, A. & Dragojevic, I. Antioxidant capacity of lenses with age-related cataract. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2012, 467130 (2012).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"84204_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.6.963","volume":"31","author":"SJ Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park, S. J., Lee, J. H., Kang, S. W., Hyon, J. Y. & Park, K. H. Cataract and cataract surgery: Nationwide prevalence and clinical determinants. J. Korean Med. Sci. 31, 963\u2013971 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"84204_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442","volume":"20","author":"B Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu, B. et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 20, 6212\u20136222 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"84204_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz077","volume":"11","author":"N Ahluwalia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahluwalia, N. Nutrition monitoring of children aged birth to 24 Mo (B-24): Data collection and findings from the NHANES. Adv. Nutr. 11, 113\u2013127 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"84204_CR20","unstructured":"NHANES 2007\u20132008: Smoking - Cigarette Use Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/2007-2008\/SMQ_E.htm."},{"key":"84204_CR21","unstructured":"ALQ_E. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/2007-2008\/ALQ_E.htm."},{"key":"84204_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00078","volume":"8","author":"JL Sylman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sylman, J. L. et al. The predictive value of inflammation-related peripheral blood measurements in cancer staging and prognosis. Front. Oncol. 8, 78 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"84204_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","volume":"15","author":"L Ferrucci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferrucci, L. & Fabbri, E. Inflammageing: Chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 15, 505\u2013522 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"84204_CR24","first-page":"6933812","volume":"2022","author":"S Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Protection of human lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress damage and cell apoptosis by KGF-2 through the Akt\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2022, 6933812 (2022).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"84204_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60189-2_8","volume":"18","author":"RB Tjalkens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tjalkens, R. B., Popichak, K. A. & Kirkley, K. A. Inflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes in manganese neurotoxicity. Adv. Neurobiol. 18, 159\u2013181 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Neurobiol."},{"key":"84204_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.035","volume":"148","author":"J Nunnari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nunnari, J. & Suomalainen, A. Mitochondria: In sickness and in health. Cell 148, 1145\u20131159 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84204-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84204-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84204-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T23:34:40Z","timestamp":1735947280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84204-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["84204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-84204-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4593241\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Considering that the NHANES database is publicly accessible, and patient records are anonymous and de-identified, it does not involve informed consent or ethical approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical considerations and informed consent"}}],"article-number":"499"}}