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In South America,\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles darlingi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the primary malaria vector and is responsible for the majority of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species transmission. However, little is known about the molecular markers associated with insecticide resistance in this species. In this study, we developed a low-cost, high throughput amplicon sequencing (\u201camp-seq\u201d) panel, consisting of 11 amplicons targeting genes linked to mosquito species identification (\n                    <jats:italic>cox-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>its2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and insecticide resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>ace-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GSTe2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>vgsc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>rdl<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). When used in tandem with dual-index barcoding of amplicons, this approach permits high numbers of loci and samples to be sequenced in single runs, thereby decreasing costs and increasing efficiency. By screening 200\n                    <jats:italic>An. darlingi<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes collected in Brazil, our amp-seq approach identified 10 point mutations leading to amino acid changes in\n                    <jats:italic>ace-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (V243I, N294H, S673N, S674N\/T) and\n                    <jats:italic>GSTe2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes (I114V, D128E, T166I, T179I, and T205A). Overall, our work has demonstrated the utility of amp-seq to provide insights into the genetic diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>An. darlingi<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes. The amp-seq approach can be applied as a wide-scale insecticide-resistance surveillance technique to better inform vector-control methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84432-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T11:42:25Z","timestamp":1735904545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Application of a targeted amplicon sequencing panel to screen for insecticide resistance mutations in Anopheles darlingi populations from Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Holly","family":"Acford-Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice O.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody E.","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa A.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie C. 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