{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:56:50Z","timestamp":1785250610188,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84838-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T14:40:58Z","timestamp":1735915258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Viral nucleic acid load in the milk of lactating mothers with COVID-19 and the prognosis of infants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mengkun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"84838_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.703950","volume":"8","author":"F Lou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lou, F. et al. The benefits of breastfeeding still outweigh the risks of COVID-19 transmission. Front. Med. 8, 703950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.703950 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"84838_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-022-00465-w","volume":"17","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Recommendations for breastfeeding during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Int. Breastfeed. J. 17, 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13006-022-00465-w (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"84838_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1932","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e1932","volume":"75","author":"WB Carvalho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carvalho, W. B., Gibelli, M., Krebs, V. L. J., Calil, V. & Johnston, C. Expert recommendations for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 75, e1932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e1932 (2020).","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)"},{"key":"84838_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27643","volume":"94","author":"D Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian, D., Sun, Y., Xu, H. & Ye, Q. The emergence and epidemic characteristics of the highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. J. Med. Virol. 94, 2376\u20132383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27643 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"84838_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm1208","volume":"376","author":"F Obermeyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Obermeyer, F. et al. Analysis of 6.4 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes identifies mutations associated with fitness. Sci. (New York, N.Y.) 376, 1327\u20131332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abm1208 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"84838_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00570-3","volume":"18","author":"V Mahalingasivam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahalingasivam, V. et al. COVID-19 and kidney disease: Insights from epidemiology to inform clinical practice. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 18, 485\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-022-00570-3 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"84838_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0296","volume":"16","author":"MK McGuire","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGuire, M. K. et al. Best practices for human milk collection for COVID-19 research. Breastfeed. Med. Off. J. Acad. Breastfeed. Med. 16, 29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2020.0296 (2021).","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med. Off. J. Acad. Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"84838_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(22)00801-5","author":"N Bobrovitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bobrovitz, N. et al. Protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against the omicron variant and severe disease: A systematic review and meta-regression. Lancet Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(22)00801-5 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"84838_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00017-4","volume":"399","author":"N Wolter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wolter, N. et al. Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: A data linkage study. Lancet (London, England) 399, 437\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00017-4 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"84838_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duong, B. V. et al. Is the SARS CoV-2 omicron variant deadlier and more transmissible than delta variant? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 19, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19084586 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084586"},{"key":"84838_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.15580","volume":"324","author":"C Chambers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chambers, C. et al. Evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from 18 infected women. Jama 324, 1347\u20131348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.15580 (2020).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"84838_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-321074","volume":"106","author":"F Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, F., Zozaya, C., Zhou, Q., De Castro, C. & Shah, P. S. SARS-CoV-2 genome and antibodies in breastmilk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Edition 106, 514\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2020-321074 (2021).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Edition"},{"key":"84838_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980020000555","volume":"24","author":"K Blackshaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blackshaw, K. et al. The risk of infectious pathogens in breast-feeding, donated human milk and breast milk substitutes. Public Health Nutr. 24, 1725\u20131740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980020000555 (2021).","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"84838_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/mco.0000000000000816","volume":"25","author":"RLR Powell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Powell, R. L. R. Safety of breast\/chest-feeding by those infected by SARS-CoV-2. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. care 25, 129\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mco.0000000000000816 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. care"},{"key":"84838_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1467","volume":"174","author":"R Castagnoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castagnoli, R. et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: A systematic review. JAMA Pediatr. 174, 882\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1467 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84838-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84838-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84838-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T15:02:42Z","timestamp":1735916562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84838-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["84838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-84838-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Hospital of Jilin University (permit no. 2022-290). This research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines\/regulations. The nursing mothers and the guardians of all the children who participated in the trial signed an informed consent form. This study was conducted in accordance with both the ethical guidelines for life science and medical research involving human subjects and the rules established by the ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors gathered all original data and have consent to publish.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"709"}}