{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T15:32:43Z","timestamp":1780673563204,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Beijing Excellent Talent Training Project-Young Individuals","award":["2018000020124G032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018000020124G032"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee","award":["KM202010011009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202010011009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-85000-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T10:57:09Z","timestamp":1736506629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A comprehensive classification and analysis of oily sensitive facial skin: a cross-sectional study of young Chinese women"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xinjue","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caini","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhua","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"85000_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2008.03.007","volume":"26","author":"L Baumann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baumann, L. Understanding and treating various skin types: the Baumann skin type Indicator. Dermatol. Clin. 26, 359\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.det.2008.03.007 (2008).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"85000_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16000","volume":"34","author":"L Misery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Misery, L. et al. Pathophysiology and management of sensitive skin: Position paper from the special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the study of itch (IFSI). J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV. 34, 222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.16000 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV"},{"key":"85000_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.19621.x","volume":"119","author":"V Bataille","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bataille, V., Snieder, H., MacGregor, A. J., Sasieni, P. & Spector, T. D. The influence of genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of acne: a twin study of acne in women. J. Invest. Dermatol. 119, 1317\u20131322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.19621.x (2002).","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.03037.x","volume":"23","author":"L Misery","year":"2009","unstructured":"Misery, L., Boussetta, S., Nocera, T., Perez-Cullell, N. & Taieb, C. Sensitive skin in Europe. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV. 23, 376\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.03037.x (2009).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV"},{"key":"85000_CR5","first-page":"712","volume":"48","author":"B Barankin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barankin, B. & DeKoven, J. Psychosocial effect of common skin diseases. Can. Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien. 48, 712\u2013716 (2002).","journal-title":"Can. Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien"},{"key":"85000_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics10010014","volume":"10","author":"O Rita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rita, O., Joana, F. & Filipe, A. L. A. I. An overview of methods to characterize skin type: Focus on Visual Rating scales and Self-Report instruments. Cosmetics 10, 14\u201314 (2023).","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"85000_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2018.10.021","volume":"110","author":"A Guerra-Tapia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guerra-Tapia, A., Serra-Baldrich, E., Prieto Cabezas, L., Gonz\u00e1lez-Guerra, E. & L\u00f3pez-Estebaranz, J. L. Diagnosis and treatment of sensitive skin syndrome: an algorithm for clinical practice. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas. 110, 800\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2018.10.021 (2019).","journal-title":"Actas dermo-sifiliograficas"},{"key":"85000_CR8","first-page":"303","volume":"6","author":"T Yokota","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yokota, T., M., M. & S., T. Classification of sensitive skin and development of a treatment System Appropriate for each group. IFSCC 6, 303\u2013307 (2003).","journal-title":"IFSCC"},{"key":"85000_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.04.011","volume":"102","author":"J Escalas-Taberner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Escalas-Taberner, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Guerra, E. & Guerra-Tapia, A. Sensitive skin: A complex syndrome. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 102, 563\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2011.04.011 (2011).","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"85000_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.104664","volume":"79","author":"AC Inamadar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inamadar, A. C. & Palit, A. Sensitive skin: An overview. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 79, 9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0378-6323.104664 (2013).","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"85000_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000363149","volume":"28","author":"R Richters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richters, R. et al. What is sensitive skin? A systematic literature review of objective measurements. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 28, 75\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000363149 (2015).","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"85000_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.14670\/hh-11-610","volume":"30","author":"B Laverdet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laverdet, B. et al. Skin innervation: Important roles during normal and pathological cutaneous repair. Histol. Histopathol. 30, 875\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14670\/hh-11-610 (2015).","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"85000_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3296","volume":"99","author":"G Yosipovitch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yosipovitch, G. et al. Skin barrier damage and itch: Review of mechanisms, topical management and future directions. Acta dermato-venereologica. 99, 1201\u20131209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-3296 (2019).","journal-title":"Acta dermato-venereologica"},{"key":"85000_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumann, L. S. The Baumann Skin Typing System. (2010).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89656-2_88"},{"key":"85000_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2008.03.007","volume":"26","author":"Baumann & Leslie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baumann & Leslie. Understanding and treating various skin types: the Baumann skin type Indicator. Dermatol. Clin. 26, 359\u2013373 (2008).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"85000_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00434.x","volume":"30","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim, S. J. et al. The perception threshold measurement can be a useful tool for evaluation of sensitive skin. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 30, 333\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00434.x (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"85000_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081x(95)00080-y","volume":"13","author":"HC Eun","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eun, H. C. Evaluation of skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry. Clin. Dermatol. 13, 337\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0738-081x(95)00080-y (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102388","volume":"35","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Akimoto, M., Igarashi, H., Shibagaki, Y. & Tanaka, T. Quantitative Assessment of Age-dependent changes in Porphyrins from fluorescence images of Ultraviolet Photography by Image Processing. Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. 35, 102388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102388 (2021).","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"85000_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b21-00150","volume":"44","author":"K Ooi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ooi, K. Onset mechanism and Pharmaceutical Management of Dry skin. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 44, 1037\u20131043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b21-00150 (2021).","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"85000_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12441","volume":"24","author":"MO de Melo","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Melo, M. O. & Maia Campos, P. Characterization of oily mature skin by biophysical and skin imaging techniques. Skin. Res. Technology: Official J. Int. Soc. Bioeng. Skin. (ISBS) [and] Int. Soc. Digit. Imaging Skin. (ISDIS) [and] Int. Soc. Skin. Imaging (ISSI). 24, 386\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.12441 (2018).","journal-title":"Skin. Res. Technology: Official J. Int. Soc. Bioeng. Skin. (ISBS) [and] Int. Soc. Digit. Imaging Skin. (ISDIS) [and] Int. Soc. Skin. Imaging (ISSI)"},{"key":"85000_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.08.016","volume":"30","author":"B Sotoodian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sotoodian, B. & Maibach, H. I. Noninvasive test methods for epidermal barrier function. Clin. Dermatol. 30, 301\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.08.016 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seno, S. I. et al. Quantitative evaluation of skin barrier function using water evaporation time related to transepidermal water loss. Skin research and technology: official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 29, e13242, (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13242","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13242"},{"key":"85000_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14489","volume":"45","author":"E Proksch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Proksch, E. pH in nature, humans and skin. J. Dermatol. 45, 1044\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.14489 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000068892","volume":"206","author":"H Kobayashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kobayashi, H., Kikuchi, K., Tsubono, Y. & Tagami, H. Measurement of electrical current perception threshold of sensory nerves for pruritus in atopic dermatitis patients and normal individuals with various degrees of mild damage to the stratum corneum. Dermatology (Basel Switzerland). 206, 204\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000068892 (2003).","journal-title":"Dermatology (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"85000_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2147\/ccid.S325166","volume":"14","author":"Y Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan, Y., Ma, X., Song, Y., Zhao, J. & Yan, S. Questionnaire and Lactic Acid Sting Test Play different role on the Assessment of sensitive skin: a cross-sectional study. Clin. Cosmet. Invest. Dermatology. 14, 1215\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ccid.S325166 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Invest. Dermatology"},{"key":"85000_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12550","volume":"41","author":"DM Ding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ding, D. M. et al. Association between lactic acid sting test scores, self-assessed sensitive skin scores and biophysical properties in Chinese females. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 41, 398\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12550 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"85000_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, S. Y. et al. A new discussion of the cutaneous vascular reactivity in sensitive skin: A sub-group of SS? Skin research and technology: official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 24, 432\u2013439, (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.12446","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12446"},{"key":"85000_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05764.x","volume":"38","author":"S Seidenari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seidenari, S., Francomano, M. & Mantovani, L. Baseline biophysical parameters in subjects with sensitive skin. Contact Dermat. 38, 311\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05764.x (1998).","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"85000_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2016.1157360","volume":"18","author":"DT Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, D. T., Yan, J. N., Cui, Y. & Liu, W. Quantifying facial skin erythema more precisely by analyzing color channels of the VISIA Red images. J. Cosmet. Laser Therapy: Official Publication Eur. Soc. Laser Dermatology. 18, 296\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14764172.2016.1157360 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Laser Therapy: Official Publication Eur. Soc. Laser Dermatology"},{"key":"85000_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05890.x","volume":"39","author":"N Issachar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Issachar, N., Gall, Y., Borrel, M. T. & Poelman, M. C. Correlation between percutaneous penetration of methyl nicotinate and sensitive skin, using laser doppler imaging. Contact Dermat. 39, 182\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05890.x (1998).","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"85000_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, P. Y. et al. 1,2-Bis[(3-Methoxyphenyl)Methyl]Ethane-1,2-Dicarboxylic acid reduces UVB-Induced Photodamage in Vitro and in vivo. Antioxid. (Basel Switzerland). 8 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox8100452 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100452"},{"key":"85000_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0142-5463.2004.00199.x","volume":"26","author":"G Yosipovitch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yosipovitch, G. Dry skin and impairment of barrier function associated with itch - new insights. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 26, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0142-5463.2004.00199.x (2004).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"85000_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.04.010","volume":"154","author":"T Kawamata","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kawamata, T. et al. Contribution of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 to endothelin-1-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Neuroscience 154, 1067\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.04.010 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"85000_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12340","volume":"39","author":"DG Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, D. G., Du, H. Y., Gerhard, S., Imke, M. & Liu, W. Inhibition of TRPV1 prevented skin irritancy induced by phenoxyethanol. A preliminary in vitro and in vivo study. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 39, 11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12340 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"85000_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pochi, P. E. et al. Report of the Consensus Conference on Acne Classification. March 24 and 25, 1990. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 24, 495\u2013500, (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0190-9622(08)80076-x","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(08)80076-x"},{"key":"85000_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01987-w","volume":"312","author":"H Cort\u00e9s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s, H. et al. Non-invasive methods for evaluation of skin manifestations in patients with ichthyosis. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 312, 231\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-019-01987-w (2020).","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"85000_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21147","volume":"44","author":"SH Bailey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bailey, S. H. et al. The use of non-invasive instruments in characterizing human facial and abdominal skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 44, 131\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.21147 (2012).","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"85000_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200311000-00002","volume":"78","author":"R Snyderman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Snyderman, R. & Williams, R. S. Prospective medicine: the next health care transformation. Acad. Medicine: J. Association Am. Med. Colleges. 78, 1079\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001888-200311000-00002 (2003).","journal-title":"Acad. Medicine: J. Association Am. Med. Colleges"},{"key":"85000_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2494.2003.00172.x","volume":"25","author":"U Heinrich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heinrich, U. et al. Multicentre comparison of skin hydration in terms of physical-, physiological- and product-dependent parameters by the capacitive method (corneometer CM 825). Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 25, 45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1467-2494.2003.00172.x (2003).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"85000_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06794.x","volume":"153","author":"SW Youn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Youn, S. W., Park, E. S., Lee, D. H., Huh, C. H. & Park, K. C. Does facial sebum excretion really affect the development of acne? Br. J. Dermatol. 153, 919\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06794.x (2005).","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000338978","volume":"25","author":"TH Sakuma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakuma, T. H. & Maibach, H. I. Oily skin: An overview. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 25, 227\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000338978 (2012).","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"85000_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jo, D. J., Shin, J. Y. & Na, S. J. Evaluation of changes for sebum, skin pore, texture, and redness before and after sleep in oily and nonoily skin. Skin research and technology: official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 28, 851\u2013855, (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13224","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13224"},{"key":"85000_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12933","volume":"18","author":"A Hameed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hameed, A., Akhtar, N., Khan, H. M. S. & Asrar, M. Skin sebum and skin elasticity: major influencing factors for facial pores. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 18, 1968\u20131974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.12933 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, B. Y., Choi, J. W., Park, K. C. & Youn, S. W. Sebum, acne, skin elasticity, and gender difference - which is the major influencing factor for facial pores? Skin research and technology: official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 19, e45-53, (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00605.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00605.x"},{"key":"85000_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jung, H. J. et al. 2E,5E)-2,5-Bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone exerts Anti-melanogenesis and Anti-wrinkle activities in B16F10 Melanoma and Hs27 Fibroblast cells. Molecules (Basel Switzerland). 23 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules23061415 (2018).","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061415"},{"key":"85000_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barnard, E. et al. Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria. mSphere 5 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSphere.00793-19 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00793-19"},{"key":"85000_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.4818","volume":"156","author":"JS Barbieri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbieri, J. S., Shin, D. B., Wang, S., Margolis, D. J. & Takeshita, J. Association of Race\/Ethnicity and Sex with Differences in Health Care Use and Treatment for Acne. JAMA Dermatol. 156, 312\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.4818 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/jdn.0000000000000129","volume":"7","author":"J Gorelick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gorelick, J. et al. Acne-Related Quality of Life among female adults of different Races\/Ethnicities. J. Dermatology Nurses\u2019 Association. 7, 154\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jdn.0000000000000129 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Dermatology Nurses\u2019 Association"},{"key":"85000_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03919.x","volume":"25","author":"AC Perkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perkins, A. C., Cheng, C. E., Hillebrand, G. G., Miyamoto, K. & Kimball, A. B. Comparison of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris among caucasian, Asian, Continental Indian and African American women. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV. 25, 1054\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03919.x (2011).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV"},{"key":"85000_CR50","first-page":"19","volume":"7","author":"VD Callender","year":"2014","unstructured":"Callender, V. D. et al. Racial differences in clinical characteristics, perceptions and behaviors, and psychosocial impact of adult female acne. J. Clin. Aesthetic Dermatol. 7, 19\u201331 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthetic Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.60540","volume":"76","author":"S Kaimal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaimal, S. & Thappa, D. M. Diet in dermatology: revisited. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 76, 103\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0378-6323.60540 (2010).","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"85000_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.47","volume":"129","author":"SZ Ghodsi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghodsi, S. Z., Orawa, H. & Zouboulis, C. C. Prevalence, severity, and severity risk factors of acne in high school pupils: A community-based study. J. Invest. Dermatol. 129, 2136\u20132141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2009.47 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.442","volume":"129","author":"R Gunathilake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gunathilake, R. et al. pH-regulated mechanisms account for pigment-type differences in epidermal barrier function. J. Invest. Dermatol. 129, 1719\u20131729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2008.442 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-00897-7","volume":"12","author":"B Dasht Bozorg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dasht Bozorg, B., Bhattaccharjee, S. A., Somayaji, M. R. & Banga, A. K. Topical and transdermal delivery with diseased human skin: passive and iontophoretic delivery of hydrocortisone into psoriatic and eczematous skin. Drug Delivery Translational Res. 12, 197\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-021-00897-7 (2022).","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Translational Res."},{"key":"85000_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92168-2","volume":"337","author":"JN Barker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Barker, J. N., Mitra, R. S., Griffiths, C. E., Dixit, V. M. & Nickoloff, B. J. Keratinocytes as initiators of inflammation. Lancet (London England). 337, 211\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92168-2 (1991).","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"85000_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1002.x","volume":"17","author":"KP Ananthapadmanabhan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ananthapadmanabhan, K. P., Moore, D. J., Subramanyan, K., Misra, M. & Meyer, F. Cleansing without compromise: the impact of cleansers on the skin barrier and the technology of mild cleansing. Dermatol. Ther. 17 (Suppl 1), 16\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1002.x (2004).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"85000_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-32233","volume":"37","author":"MK Herbert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Herbert, M. K. & Holzer, P. [Neurogenic inflammation. I. Basic mechanisms, physiology and pharmacology]. Anasthesiologie Intensivmedizin Notfallmedizin Schmerztherapie: AINS. 37, 314\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2002-32233 (2002).","journal-title":"Anasthesiologie Intensivmedizin Notfallmedizin Schmerztherapie: AINS"},{"key":"85000_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang, W. C. et al. Cutaneous vessel features of sensitive skin and its underlying functions. Skin research and technology: official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 26, 431\u2013437, (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.12819","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12819"},{"key":"85000_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.04.029","volume":"78","author":"AH Sprague","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sprague, A. H. & Khalil, R. A. Inflammatory cytokines in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease. Biochem. Pharmacol. 78, 539\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.04.029 (2009).","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"85000_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, X. X. et al. Facial skin aging stages in Chinese females. Front. Med. 9 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.870926 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.870926"},{"key":"85000_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park, N. J. et al. Lobelia chinensis Extract and its active compound, Diosmetin, improve atopic dermatitis by reinforcing skin barrier function through SPINK5\/LEKTI regulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158687 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158687"},{"key":"85000_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07465.x","volume":"155","author":"M Roh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roh, M., Han, M., Kim, D. & Chung, K. Sebum output as a factor contributing to the size of facial pores. Br. J. Dermatol. 155, 890\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07465.x (2006).","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oh, T. I. et al. Plumbagin suppresses \u03b1-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma cells by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18020320 (2017).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020320"},{"key":"85000_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.S71543","volume":"9","author":"Z Hussain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hussain, Z., Katas, H., Mohd Amin, M. C., Kumolosasi, E. & Sahudin, S. Downregulation of immunological mediators in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by hydrocortisone-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomed. 9, 5143\u20135156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.S71543 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"85000_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.032","volume":"179","author":"Y Wolf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolf, Y. et al. UVB-Induced Tumor Heterogeneity diminishes Immune Response in Melanoma. Cell 179, 219\u2013235e221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.032 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"85000_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2007.00415.x","volume":"30","author":"MA Farage","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farage, M. A., Miller, K. W., Elsner, P. & Maibach, H. I. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: A review. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 30, 87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2007.00415.x (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"85000_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03963.x","volume":"25","author":"E Kohl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kohl, E., Steinbauer, J., Landthaler, M. & Szeimies, R. M. Skin ageing. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV. 25, 873\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03963.x (2011).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereology: JEADV"},{"key":"85000_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-72","volume":"12","author":"HC Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang, H. C., Hsieh, W. Y., Niu, Y. L. & Chang, T. M. Inhibition of melanogenesis and antioxidant properties of Magnolia grandiflora L. flower extract. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 12, 72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6882-12-72 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"85000_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.04.008","volume":"17","author":"JH Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park, J. H., Ku, H. J., Lee, J. H. & Park, J. W. IDH2 deficiency accelerates skin pigmentation in mice via enhancing melanogenesis. Redox Biol. 17, 16\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2018.04.008 (2018).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"85000_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Characterization of the human skin resistome and identification of two microbiota cutotypes. Microbiome 9 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-020-00995-7 (2021).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00995-7"},{"key":"85000_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14680","volume":"176","author":"G Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, G. et al. Short lipopeptides specifically inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes with a dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action. Br. J. Pharmacol. 176, 2321\u20132335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.14680 (2019).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"85000_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004","volume":"22","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zouboulis, C. C. Acne and sebaceous gland function. Clin. Dermatol. 22, 360\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"85000_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.10.001","volume":"21","author":"NN Schommer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schommer, N. N. & Gallo, R. L. Structure and function of the human skin microbiome. Trends Microbiol. 21, 660\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2013.10.001 (2013).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"85000_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2016.1200203","volume":"4","author":"BJ Wong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wong, B. J. & Hollowed, C. G. Current concepts of active vasodilation in human skin. Temp. (Austin Tex). 4, 41\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2016.1200203 (2017).","journal-title":"Temp. (Austin Tex)"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85000-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85000-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85000-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T11:05:49Z","timestamp":1736507149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85000-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["85000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-85000-z","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4609974\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (protocol code 2017BZHYLL0501).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional Review Board Statement"}}],"article-number":"1633"}}