{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:58:50Z","timestamp":1783544330398,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["242102311142, 232102310145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102311142, 232102310145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["242102311142, 232102310145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102311142, 232102310145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the \"Health Central Plains\" COPD Screening and Management Project","award":["2021020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-85010-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T23:19:46Z","timestamp":1736032786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treatment patterns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the tiered medical system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingru","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quncheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxia","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoju","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"85010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00511-7","volume":"10","author":"D Adeloye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adeloye, D. et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: A systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 10(5), 447\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00511-7 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"issue":"10356","key":"85010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01273-9","volume":"400","author":"D Stolz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stolz, D. et al. Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A lancet commission. Lancet 400(10356), 921\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01273-9 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"85010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1423","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00330-8","volume":"10","author":"M Stolbrink","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stolbrink, M. et al. The availability, cost, and affordability of essential medicines for asthma and COPD in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Lancet Glob Health. 10(10), e1423\u2013e1442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00330-8 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"85010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.09.260","volume":"159","author":"A Tabyshova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tabyshova, A. et al. Gaps in COPD guidelines of low- and middle-income countries. Chest 159(2), 575\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2020.09.260 (2021).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"85010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02011-y","volume":"23","author":"J Zou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zou, J. et al. Distributions and trends of the global burden of COPD attributable to risk factors by SDI, age, and sex from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of GBD 2019 data. Respir Res. 23(1), 90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-022-02011-y (2022).","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"issue":"10131","key":"85010_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30841-9","volume":"391","author":"C Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, C. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China (the China Pulmonary Health [CPH] study): A national cross-sectional study. Lancet Lond. Engl. 391(10131), 1706\u20131717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30841-9 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"85010_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859499","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.859499","volume":"10","author":"P Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin, P. et al. The burden of COPD in China and its provinces: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front. Public. Health. 10, 859499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.859499 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"85010_CR8","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease & November GOLD 30, 2023. Accessed August 5, 2024. (2024). https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2024-gold-report\/"},{"issue":"9979","key":"85010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60873-X","volume":"385","author":"The Lancet","year":"2015","unstructured":"The Lancet. Towards better management of COPD. Lancet 385(9979), 1697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60873-X (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"85010_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00850-2023","volume":"10","author":"AI Papaioannou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Papaioannou, A. I., Hillas, G., Loukides, S. & Vassilakopoulos, T. Mortality prevention as the centre of COPD management. ERJ Open. Res. 10(3), 850\u20132023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00850-2023 (2024).","journal-title":"ERJ Open. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"85010_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30083-2","volume":"4","author":"C Jenkins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jenkins, C. Successes and challenges of COPD management in Australia: reflections on the past and future. Lancet Respir Med. 4(6), 424\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30083-2 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"85010_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30092-3","volume":"4","author":"WJ Guan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guan, W. J., Ran, P. X. & Zhong, N. S. Prevention and management of COPD in China: successes and major challenges. Lancet Respir Med. 4(6), 428\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30092-3 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"85010_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30431-3","volume":"5","author":"R Gautam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gautam, R., Neupane, D., Karki, A. & Kallestrup, P. Community-based management of COPD in Nepal. Lancet Respir Med. 5(1), e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30431-3 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"85010_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13468","volume":"16","author":"S Ghimire","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghimire, S. et al. Guideline based knowledge and practice of physicians in the management of COPD in a low- to middle\u2010income country. Clin. Respir J. 16(3), 190\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/crj.13468 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Respir J."},{"key":"85010_CR15","unstructured":"General Office of the State Council of China. Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Construction of a Graded Diagnosis and Treatment System. September 11. Accessed August 5, 2024. (2015). http:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/yzygj\/s3573\/201509\/9d657ca840ed4904ab02d954538dd475.shtml"},{"key":"85010_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175346662210754","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221075499","volume":"16","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Management of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under a tiered medical system in China. Ther. Adv. Respir Dis. 16, 175346662210754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17534666221075499 (2022).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir Dis."},{"key":"85010_CR17","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook\u20142023. June 12. Accessed August 5, 2024. (2024). https:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/sj\/ndsj\/2023\/indexch.htm"},{"issue":"1","key":"85010_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001954","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001954","volume":"11","author":"X Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. Whole-course management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary healthcare: an internet of things-enabled prospective cohort study in China. BMJ Open. Respir Res. 11(1), e001954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001954 (2024).","journal-title":"BMJ Open. Respir Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"85010_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0995","volume":"17","author":"YM Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. M. et al. Development and validation of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire in China. Int. J. Tuberc Lung Dis. 17(12), 1645\u20131651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.12.0995 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc Lung Dis."},{"key":"85010_CR20","unstructured":"GOLD-2021. Accessed August 10. (2024). https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/GOLD-REPORT-2021-v1.1-25Nov20_WMV.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"85010_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30103-6","volume":"6","author":"L Fang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang, L. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a nationwide prevalence study. Lancet Respir Med. 6(6), 421\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30103-6 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"85010_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2856","volume":"127","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Solid fuel use and incident COPD in Chinese adults: findings from the China kadoorie biobank. Environ. Health Perspect. 127(5), 57008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP2856 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"9","key":"85010_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209687","volume":"72","author":"A H\u00fcls","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00fcls, A. & Schikowski, T. Ambient particulate matter and COPD in China: a challenge for respiratory health research. Thorax 72(9), 771\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209687 (2017).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"85010_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-2051","volume":"13","author":"Z Quan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quan, Z. et al. Current status and preventive strategies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a literature review. J. Thorac. Dis. 13(6), 3865\u20133877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd-20-2051 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"issue":"10239","key":"85010_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30122-7","volume":"395","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations. Lancet 395(10239), 1802\u20131812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30122-7 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"85010_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1985762","volume":"15","author":"FM Rossaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossaki, F. M. et al. Strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COPD in low- and middle- income countries: the importance of primary care. Expert Rev. Respir Med. 15(12), 1563\u20131577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17476348.2021.1985762 (2021).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"85010_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00254-2","volume":"8","author":"W Yip","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yip, W. et al. Universal health coverage in China part 1: progress and gaps. Lancet Public. Health. 8(12), e1025\u2013e1034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00254-2 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"85010_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-022-00289-5","volume":"32","author":"Z Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan, Z. et al. An online survey of primary care physicians\u2019 knowledge of common respiratory diseases in China. Npj Prim. Care Respir Med. 32(1), 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41533-022-00289-5 (2022).","journal-title":"Npj Prim. Care Respir Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"85010_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30200-5","volume":"6","author":"G Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu, G., Fan, G. & Niu, W. COPD awareness and treatment in China. Lancet Respir Med. 6(8), e38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30200-5 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"85010_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S333274","volume":"17","author":"R Mao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mao, R. et al. Stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management under a tiered medical system in China. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 17, 181\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/COPD.S333274 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"85010_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00217-6","volume":"11","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. The global economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 204 countries and territories in 2020-50: a health-augmented macroeconomic modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 11 (8), e1183\u2013e1193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00217-6 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"85010_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Foo, J. et al. Continuing to confront COPD international patient survey: Economic impact of COPD in 12 countries. Borrow R, ed. PLoS One;11(4):e0152618. (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152618","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152618"},{"issue":"1","key":"85010_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.15326\/jcopdf.6.1.2018.0143","volume":"6","author":"NM Robertson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robertson, N. M. et al. Urban-rural disparities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management and access in Uganda. Chronic Obstr. Pulm Dis. J. COPD Found. 6(1), 17\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15326\/jcopdf.6.1.2018.0143 (2019).","journal-title":"Chronic Obstr. Pulm Dis. J. COPD Found."},{"issue":"8","key":"85010_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202103-284ST","volume":"18","author":"JR Hurst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hurst, J. R. et al. Challenges in the implementation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease guidelines in low- and middle-income countries: an official American thoracic society workshop report. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 18(8), 1269\u20131277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202103-284ST (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"85010_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05193-2","volume":"35","author":"K Stryczek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stryczek, K. et al. De-implementing inhaled corticosteroids to improve care and safety in COPD treatment: primary care providers\u2019 perspectives. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 35 (1), 51\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05193-2 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"85010_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casas Herrera, A. et al. COPD underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis in a high-risk primary care population in four latin american countries. A key to enhance disease diagnosis: the PUMA study. Chotirmall SH, ed. PLoS One 11(4):e0152266. (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152266"},{"key":"85010_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107347","volume":"217","author":"M Axelsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Axelsson, M. et al. Underdiagnosis and misclassification of COPD in Sweden \u2013 a nordic epilung study. Respir Med. 217, 107347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107347 (2023).","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"85010_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S450270","volume":"19","author":"Y Koga","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koga, Y. et al. Underdiagnosis of COPD: the Japan COPD real-world data epidemiological (CORE) study. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 19, 1011\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/COPD.S450270 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"85010_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2535","volume":"148","author":"B Lamprecht","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamprecht, B. et al. Determinants of underdiagnosis of COPD in national and international surveys. Chest 148(4), 971\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-2535 (2015).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"22","key":"85010_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401389","volume":"390","author":"SD Aaron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aaron, S. D. et al. Early diagnosis and treatment of COPD and asthma \u2014 a randomized, controlled trial. N Engl. J. Med. 390(22), 2061\u20132073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2401389 (2024).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"85010_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212148","volume":"74","author":"T Lambe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lambe, T. et al. Model-based evaluation of the long-term cost-effectiveness of systematic case-finding for COPD in primary care. Thorax 74(8), 730\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212148 (2019).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"8","key":"85010_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-221211","volume":"79","author":"C Licskai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Licskai, C. et al. Quantifying sustained health system benefits of primary care-based integrated disease management for COPD: a 6-year interrupted time series study. Thorax 79(8), 725\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2023-221211 (2024).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"85010_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101065","volume":"46","author":"Q Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Q. et al. Cost-effectiveness of population-based screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a simulation modeling study. Lancet Reg. Health - West. Pac. 46, 101065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101065 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health - West. Pac."},{"issue":"1","key":"85010_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1949486","volume":"53","author":"Y Gu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gu, Y. et al. Performance of COPD population screener questionnaire in COPD screening: a validation study and meta-analysis. Ann. Med. 53(1), 1199\u20131207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2021.1949486 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"85010_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103243","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03243-2021","volume":"60","author":"C Huynh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huynh, C. et al. Derivation and validation of the UCAP-Q case-finding questionnaire to detect undiagnosed asthma and COPD. Eur. Respir J. 60(3), 2103243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.03243-2021 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir J."},{"key":"85010_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su, K. C. et al. The accuracy of PUMA questionnaire in combination with peak expiratory flow rate to identify At-risk, undiagnosed COPD patients. Arch. Bronconeumol. Published Online June 2024:S0300289624002345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.06.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.06.013"},{"key":"85010_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175346662210754","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221075493","volume":"16","author":"A Watson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watson, A. & Wilkinson, T. M. A. Digital healthcare in COPD management: a narrative review on the advantages, pitfalls, and need for further research. Ther. Adv. Respir Dis. 16, 175346662210754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17534666221075493 (2022).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"85010_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2829","volume":"20","author":"WD Pace","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pace, W. D. et al. COPD population in US primary care: data from the optimum patient care DARTNet research database and the advancing the patient experience in COPD registry. Ann. Fam Med. 20(4), 319\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/afm.2829 (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. Fam Med."},{"key":"85010_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Price, D. et al. Management of COPD in the UK primary-care setting: an analysis of real-life prescribing patterns. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis. Published Online August 2014:889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/COPD.S62750","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S62750"},{"issue":"20","key":"85010_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6636","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206636","volume":"12","author":"V Mangold","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mangold, V. et al. Adherence to the GOLD guidelines in primary care: data from the Swiss COPD cohort. J. Clin. Med. 12(20), 6636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12206636 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"85010_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423620000079","volume":"21","author":"P Pirina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pirina, P. et al. Treatment of COPD and COPD\u2013heart failure comorbidity in primary care in different stages of the disease. Prim. Health Care Res. Dev. 21, e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1463423620000079 (2020).","journal-title":"Prim. Health Care Res. Dev."},{"key":"85010_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.12.004","volume":"111","author":"M Barrecheguren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barrecheguren, M. et al. Treatment patterns in COPD patients newly diagnosed in primary care. A population-based study. Respir Med. 111, 47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.12.004 (2016).","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"85010_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2016.04.002","volume":"38","author":"M Montes De Oca","year":"2016","unstructured":"Montes De Oca, M., Lopez Varela, M. V., Jardim, J., Stirvulov, R. & Surmont, F. Bronchodilator treatment for COPD in primary care of four latin America countries: The multinational, cross-sectional, non-interventional PUMA study. Pulm Pharmacol. Ther. 38, 10\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2016.04.002 (2016).","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"85010_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S267002","volume":"15","author":"M Stott-Miller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stott-Miller, M. et al. Defining chronic mucus hypersecretion using the CAT in the SPIROMICS cohort. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 15, 2467\u20132476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/COPD.S267002 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85010-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85010-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85010-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T12:04:42Z","timestamp":1736078682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-85010-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["85010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-85010-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Provincial People\u2019s hospital (No.2022042), and all patients in this study provided written informed consent prior to study initiation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"844"}}