{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T18:35:59Z","timestamp":1778870159705,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52172404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32301091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32301091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202306170092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202306170092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00108-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T08:09:49Z","timestamp":1746864589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuewei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0762-x","volume":"17","author":"R Paterno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paterno, R. et al. Pathophysiology and treatment of memory dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 17, 1\u201316 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"108_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.061","volume":"183","author":"NTM Robinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robinson, N. T. M. et al. Targeted activation of hippocampal place cells drives memory-guided spatial behavior. Cell 183, 1586-1599.e10 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"108_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5883","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115883","volume":"22","author":"I Komoltsev","year":"2021","unstructured":"Komoltsev, I. et al. Neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the hippocampus are associated with immediate posttraumatic seizures and corticosterone elevation in rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 5883 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"108_CR4","first-page":"199","volume":"23","author":"T Esch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Esch, T. et al. The role of stress in neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. PubMed 23, 199\u2013208 (2002).","journal-title":"PubMed"},{"key":"108_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063349","volume":"23","author":"PDE Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage, P. D. E. et al. Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 3349 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"108_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1318-1","volume":"20","author":"N Stocchetti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stocchetti, N. & Zanier, E. R. Chronic impact of traumatic brain injury on outcome and quality of life: A narrative review. Crit. Care 20, 1\u201310 (2016).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"108_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.11.025","volume":"193","author":"KJ Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson, K. J. et al. Regional distribution of Fluoro-Jade B staining in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury. Exp. Neurol. 193, 125\u2013130 (2005).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"108_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00172","volume":"8","author":"R Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, R. et al. Investigate the variations of the head and brain response in a rodent head impact acceleration model by finite element modeling. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 8, 172 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"108_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-2052-7","volume":"17","author":"B Weber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weber, B. et al. Modeling trauma in rats: Similarities to humans and potential pitfalls to consider. J. Transl. Med. 17, 305\u2013319 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"108_CR10","first-page":"1325","volume":"6","author":"DR Namjoshi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Namjoshi, D. R. et al. Towards clinical management of traumatic brain injury: A review of models and mechanisms from a biomechanical perspective. Dis. Model. Mech. 6, 1325\u20131338 (2013).","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"108_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.2.0291","volume":"80","author":"A Marmarou","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marmarou, A. et al. A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part I: Pathophysiology and biomechanics. J. Neurosurg. 80, 291\u2013300 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"108_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1687","volume":"28","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Quantitative relationship between axonal injury and mechanical response in a rodent head impact acceleration model. J. Neurotrauma 28, 1767\u20131782 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"108_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178186","volume":"12","author":"T-H Hsieh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hsieh, T.-H. et al. Relationship of mechanical impact magnitude to neurologic dysfunction severity in a rat traumatic brain injury model. PLoS ONE 12, e0178186 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"108_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6524","volume":"37","author":"L Zvejniece","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zvejniece, L. et al. Skull fractures induce neuroinflammation and worsen outcomes after closed head injury in mice. J. Neurotrauma 37, 295\u2013304 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"108_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24535","volume":"98","author":"F Guilhaume-Corr\u00eaa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guilhaume-Corr\u00eaa, F. et al. Greater neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits after single closed head traumatic brain injury in adolescent versus adult male mice. J. Neurosci. Res. 98, 557\u2013570 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"108_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00048-4","volume":"118","author":"O Zohar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zohar, O. et al. Closed-head minimal traumatic brain injury produces long-term cognitive deficits in mice. Neuroscience 118, 949\u2013955 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"108_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0025","volume":"38","author":"LB Tucker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tucker, L. B., Fu, A. H. & McCabe, J. T. Hippocampal-dependent cognitive dysfunction following repeated diffuse rotational brain injury in male and female mice. J. Neurotrauma 38, 1585\u20131606 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"108_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000598","volume":"27","author":"S Tsuda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsuda, S. et al. Prolonged hippocampal cell death following closed-head traumatic brain injury in rats. NeuroReport 27, 724\u2013729 (2016).","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"108_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00095","volume":"5","author":"D Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun, D. et al. Aging- and injury-related differential apoptotic response in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rats following brain trauma. Front. Aging Neurosci. 5, 95 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"108_CR20","volume-title":"Experimental Optimization Design and Analysis","author":"L-Q Ren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ren, L.-Q. Experimental Optimization Design and Analysis (Higher Education Press, 2003)."},{"key":"108_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.08.018","volume":"79","author":"K Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu, K. et al. Application of quadratic regression orthogonal design to develop a composite inoculum for promoting lignocellulose degradation during green waste composting. Waste Manag. 79, 443\u2013453 (2018).","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"108_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12509","volume":"38","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Novel-graded traumatic brain injury model in rats induced by closed head impacts. Neuropathology 38, 484\u2013492 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"108_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00350-4","volume":"57","author":"DA Jett","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jett, D. A. et al. Age-dependent effects of developmental lead exposure on performance in the Morris water maze. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 57, 271\u2013279 (1997).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"108_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.03.003","volume":"292","author":"D Namjoshi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Namjoshi, D. et al. Defining the biomechanical and biological threshold of murine mild traumatic brain injury using CHIMERA (closed head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration). Exp. Neurol. 292, 80\u201391 (2017).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"108_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.010","volume":"88","author":"LB Tucker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tucker, L. B. et al. Applications of the Morris water maze in translational traumatic brain injury research. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 88, 187\u2013200 (2018).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"108_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2008.00956.x","volume":"29","author":"K Maruichi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maruichi, K. et al. Graded model of diffuse axonal injury for studying head injury-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Neuropathology 29, 132\u2013139 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"108_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13000","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113000","volume":"23","author":"A Fesharaki-Zadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fesharaki-Zadeh, A. Oxidative stress in traumatic brain injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 13000 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"108_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106228","volume":"184","author":"D Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, D. et al. Armcx1 attenuates secondary brain injury in an experimental traumatic brain injury model in male mice by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Neurobiol. Dis. 184, 106228 (2023).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"108_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31824ea078","volume":"71","author":"H Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou, H. et al. Moderate traumatic brain injury triggers rapid necrotic death of immature neurons in the hippocampus. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 71, 348\u2013359 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"108_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25475-9","volume":"8","author":"S Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, S. et al. Delayed and progressive damages to juvenile mice after moderate traumatic brain injury. Sci. Rep. 8, 7339 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"108_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00699","volume":"10","author":"Y Deng-Bryant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng-Bryant, Y. et al. Chronic cognitive deficits and associated histopathology following closed-head concussive injury in rats. Front. Neurol. 10, 699 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"108_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175909141878192","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091418781921","volume":"10","author":"EM Gold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gold, E. M. et al. Repeated mild closed head injuries induce long-term white matter pathology and neuronal loss that are correlated with behavioral deficits. ASN Neuro 10, 1759091418781921 (2018).","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"108_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1996.13.557","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. An experimental model of closed head injury in mice: Pathophysiology, histopathology, and cognitive deficits. J. Neurotrauma 13, 557\u2013568 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"108_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586904","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.586904","volume":"11","author":"W Qian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qian, W. et al. Depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress are associated with HDAC7 reduction in the nucleus accumbens. Front. Psychiatry 11, 586904 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"108_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11178","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11178","volume":"5","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Z. et al. Temporal MRI characterization, neurobiochemical and neurobehavioral changes in a mouse repetitive concussive head injury model. Sci. Rep. 5, 11178 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00108-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00108-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00108-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T08:09:50Z","timestamp":1746864590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00108-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-00108-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16293"}}