{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:34:37Z","timestamp":1792416877006,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The biomass filtrate of marine actinobacterium,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus<\/jats:italic>\n                    AMG31, was utilized as a biocompatible and biocatalyst for titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO\u2082-NPs) synthesis. Characterization revealed well-dispersed, spherical structures with high crystallinity in the anatase phase, with sizes from 10 to 50\u00a0nm. The biosynthesized TiO\u2082-NPs demonstrated potent antioxidant activity with maximum DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging percentages of 94.6% and 88.2% at 1000\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, with IC\u2085\u2080 values of 11.1 and 14.36\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, respectively. TiO\u2082-NPs exhibited moderate wound healing activity with 66.6% wound closure compared to controls (62.6%) after 48\u00a0h. The hemocompatibility assessment revealed minimal hemolytic activity (1.9% at 1000\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml) and modest anticoagulant effects in PT (14.2\u00a0s) and PTT (43\u00a0s) at 75\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml. Moreover, TiO\u2082-NPs displayed selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells (Caco-2 and PANC-1) with IC\u2085\u2080 values of 74.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 and 71.04\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, respectively, while showing lower toxicity towards normal WI38 cells (IC\u2085\u2080 153.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.01\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml). The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antidiabetic potential through \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition (IC\u2085\u2080 69.3 and 40.81\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, respectively). Notably, TiO\u2082-NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0mm inhibition zone vs. 28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0mm for gentamicin) and Gram-negative bacteria, especially\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0mm vs. 22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0mm for gentamicin), with low MIC\/MBC values (12.5\/25 \u00b5g\/ml for Gram-positive and 6.25\/12.5\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml for\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The nanoparticles demonstrated superior antifungal activity compared to fluconazole against\n                    <jats:italic>Penicillium glabrum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0mm vs. 38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0mm),\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    (37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0mm vs. 36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0mm), and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0mm vs. 26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0mm). Furthermore, TiO\u2082-NPs showed remarkable antibiofilm activity against bacterial (90.8\u201398.2% inhibition) and fungal (97.3% inhibition for\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) biofilms at 75% MBC\/MFC concentrations. The actinobacterial TiO\u2082-NPs\u2019 biological activity profile, in conjunction with their biocompatibility, selective cytotoxicity, and minimal hemolytic activity, positions the actinobacterial TiO\u2082-NPs as promising candidates for various biomedical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00541-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T11:49:03Z","timestamp":1750679343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Multifaceted biomedical applications of biogenic titanium dioxide nanoparticles fabricated by marine actinobacterium Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus AMG31"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ghareeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3840-7837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr","family":"Fouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania M.","family":"Kishk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed M.","family":"El Kazzaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020661","volume":"28","author":"S Malik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malik, S., Muhammad, K., Waheed, Y. & Nanotechnology A revolution in modern industry. Molecules 28, 661 (2023).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"541_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12081333","volume":"12","author":"F Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad, F. et al. Unique properties of Surface-Functionalized nanoparticles for Bio-Application: functionalization mechanisms and importance in application. Nanomaterials 12, 1333 (2022).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"541_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss, P. & Sips, A. Nanotechnology for a sustainable future: addressing global challenges with the international Network4Sustainable nanotechnology. ACS Nano 15, (2021).","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c10919"},{"key":"541_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2021.10.024","volume":"106","author":"J Roy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roy, J. The synthesis and applications of TiO2 nanoparticles derived from phytochemical sources. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 106, 1\u201319 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"541_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13040704","volume":"13","author":"DR Eddy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eddy, D. R. et al. Heterophase polymorph of TiO2 (Anatase, Rutile, Brookite, TiO2 (B)) for efficient photocatalyst: fabrication and activity. Nanomaterials 13, 704 (2023).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"541_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceja.2022.100262","volume":"10","author":"C Anucha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anucha, C., Altin, I., Bacaks\u0131z, E. & Stathopoulos, V. Titanium dioxide (TiO\u2082)-Based photocatalyst materials activity enhancement for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) degradation: in the light of modification strategies. Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 10, 100262 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J. Adv."},{"key":"541_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0592-3","volume":"1","author":"MS Chavali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chavali, M. S. & Nikolova, M. P. Metal oxide nanoparticles and their applications in nanotechnology. SN Appl. Sci. 1, 607 (2019).","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-021-08976-8","volume":"50","author":"A Soussi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soussi, A. et al. Electronic and optical properties of TiO2 thin films: combined experimental and theoretical study. J. Electron. Mater. 50, 4497\u20134510 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"541_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26537","volume":"10","author":"NM Alabdallah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alabdallah, N. M., Alluqmani, S. M., Almarri, H. M. & AL-Zahrani, A. A. Physical, chemical, and biological routes of synthetic titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their crucial role in temperature stress tolerance in plants. Heliyon 10, e26537 (2024).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"541_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2022-0081","volume":"11","author":"K Pal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pal, K., Chakroborty, S. & Nath, N. Limitations of nanomaterials insights in green chemistry sustainable route: review on novel applications. Green. Process. Synth. 11, 951\u2013964 (2022).","journal-title":"Green. Process. Synth."},{"key":"541_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-021-05370-2","volume":"232","author":"H P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez, H. et al. Ecological drawbacks of nanomaterials produced on an industrial scale: collateral effect on human and environmental health. Water Air Soil. Pollut. 232, 435 (2021).","journal-title":"Water Air Soil. Pollut"},{"key":"541_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MA00807A","volume":"2","author":"N Baig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baig, N., Kammakakam, I. & Falath, W. Nanomaterials: a review of synthesis methods, properties, recent progress, and challenges. Mater. Adv. 2, 1821\u20131871 (2021).","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"541_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-023-01682-3","volume":"22","author":"AI Osman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Osman, A. I. et al. Synthesis of green nanoparticles for energy, biomedical, environmental, agricultural, and food applications: A review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 22, 841\u2013887 (2024).","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"541_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12071405","volume":"12","author":"S Padmanaban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Padmanaban, S. et al. Rising influence of nanotechnology in addressing oxidative Stress-Related liver disorders. Antioxidants 12, 1405 (2023).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"541_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s40089-020-00320-y","volume":"11","author":"S Arya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arya, S. et al. Biogenic titanium nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) from Trichoderma citrinoviride extract: synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity against extremely drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int. Nano Lett. 11, 35\u201342 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. Nano Lett."},{"key":"541_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thakur, N., Thakur, N., Kumar, K. & Kumar, A. Tinospora cordifolia mediated eco-friendly synthesis of Cobalt doped TiO2 NPs for degradation of organic methylene blue dye. Mater. Today Proc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.01.253 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.01.253"},{"key":"541_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24625","volume":"87","author":"K Kaviyarasu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaviyarasu, K. Investigate the biological activities of Lawsonia inermis extract synthesized from TiO doped graphene oxide nanoparticles. Microsc Res. Tech. 87, 2425\u20132436 (2024).","journal-title":"Microsc Res. Tech."},{"key":"541_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mne.2021.100100","volume":"14","author":"J Prakash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prakash, J., Cho, J. & Mishra, Y. K. Photocatalytic TiO2 nanomaterials as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents: scope against blocking the SARS-COV-2 spread. Micro Nano Eng. 14, 100100 (2022).","journal-title":"Micro Nano Eng."},{"key":"541_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peiris, M. M. K., Gunasekara, T., Jayaweera, P. M. & Fernando, S. S. N. TiO2 Nanoparticles from Baker\u2019s Yeast: A Potent Antimicrobial. 28, 1664\u20131670 (2018).","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1807.07005"},{"key":"541_CR20","unstructured":"Abou El-Enain, I. et al. In vitro testing of biomedical applications of biosynthesized titanium nanoparticles using Saccharopolyspora spinosa. 109\u2013125 (2024)."},{"key":"541_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosarsoy-Agceli, G., Hammamchi, H., Kodal, S., Cihangir, N. & Aksu, Z. A novel approach to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles: biosynthesis by using Streptomyces Sp. HC1. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater 30, (2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-020-01486-w"},{"key":"541_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.103605","volume":"75","author":"S Sargazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sargazi, S. et al. Application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer: an updated and comprehensive review. J. Drug Deliv Sci. Technol. 75, 103605 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv Sci. Technol."},{"key":"541_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123622","volume":"649","author":"P Pashootan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pashootan, P. et al. Metal-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy: exploring photodynamic therapy and its interplay with regulated cell death pathways. Int. J. Pharm. 649, 123622 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"541_CR24","first-page":"2321","volume":"6","author":"Y Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Wan, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, H. & Jiao, Z. Anticancer efficacy enhancement and Attenuation of side effects of doxorubicin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomed. 6, 2321\u20132326 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"541_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-024-05881-y","author":"DKAE Hamid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamid, D. K. A. E., Desouky, E. M., Ellatif, S. A., Abed, N. N. & Mahfouz, A. Y. Biofabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles via Aspergillus Niger DS22 supernatant: bioreactor optimization and multi-activity profiling. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-024-05881-y (2024).","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"541_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mudrakola, S. V. S. et al. Synthesis and stabilization of anatase form of biomimetic TiO2 nanoparticles for enhancing anti-tumor potential. Green Process. Synth. 13, (2024).","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2023-0182"},{"key":"541_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27393","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-03582-y","volume":"14","author":"K Manimaran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manimaran, K. et al. Mycosynthesis and biochemical characterization of hypsizygusulmarius derived ZnO nanoparticles and test its biomedical applications. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery. 14, 27393\u201327405 (2024).","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"541_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-024-02185-y","volume":"46","author":"K Manimaran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manimaran, K. et al. Novel approaches of mycosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Pleurotus sajor-caju extract and their biological and environmental applications. Environ. Geochem. Health. 46, 423 (2024).","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"541_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.113049","volume":"169","author":"I Nasim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nasim, I. et al. Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and biological applications as broad-spectrum bactericidal, antibiofilm effects and biocompatibility studies on zebrafish embryo. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 169, 113049 (2024).","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"541_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-04934-y","author":"S Loganathan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loganathan, S. et al. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth) Santapau & Wagh and its investigation of biological activities. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-023-04934-y (2023).","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"541_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2023.102905","volume":"54","author":"S Loganathan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loganathan, S., Govindasamy, M., Habila, M. A. & Manimaran, K. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Pterolobium hexapetalum (roth) Santapau & Wagh leaves extract and their biological applications. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 54, 102905 (2023).","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"541_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.9.98","volume":"9","author":"J Jeevanandam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeevanandam, J., Barhoum, A., Chan, Y. S., Dufresne, A. & Danquah, M. K. Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 9, 1050\u20131074 (2018).","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol"},{"key":"541_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01477-8","volume":"20","author":"N Joudeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joudeh, N. & Linke, D. Nanoparticle classification, physicochemical properties, characterization, and applications: a comprehensive review for biologists. J. Nanobiotechnol. 20, 262 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"541_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-024-02742-6","volume":"36","author":"MA Amin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amin, M. A. et al. An insight into antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities of trimetallic Se\/ZnO\/CuO nanoalloys fabricated by aqueous extract of Nitraria retusa. J. Clust Sci. 36, 19 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clust Sci."},{"key":"541_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01883-4","volume":"195","author":"A Fouda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fouda, A., Hassan, S. E. D., Abdo, A. M., El-Gamal, M. S. & Antimicrobial Antioxidant and larvicidal activities of spherical silver nanoparticles synthesized by endophytic Streptomyces spp. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 195, 707\u2013724 (2020).","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"541_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1148-2_8","volume-title":"Concepts in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Drug Development","author":"S Paul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paul, S. et al. Actinomycetes as nanofactories: synthesis and therapeutic applications. in Concepts in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Drug Development (eds Bose, S., Shukla, A. C., Baig, M. R. & Banerjee, S.) 139\u2013155 (Springer Nature, Singapore, doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-1148-2_8. (2024)."},{"key":"541_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-024-01371-x","author":"L Karthik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karthik, L. et al. Marine Actinobacteria mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesis and its application towards synthesis of Quinolines. Indian J. Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12088-024-01371-x (2024).","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"541_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02138-3","volume":"199","author":"SS Salem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salem, S. S. & Fouda, A. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their prospective biotechnological applications: an overview. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 199, 344\u2013370 (2021).","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"541_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamad, T. G. & Salman, T. A. Green synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles using pomegranate leaf extract: Characterization and antibacterial activity evaluation. AIP Conf. Proc. 3097, 030008 (2024).","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0209359"},{"key":"541_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1350","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_579_23","volume":"16","author":"R Rajasekar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rajasekar, R., Shanmugam, R. & Anandan, J. Biosynthesis of Cissus rotundifolia Stem-Mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their anticariogenic activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus\u00a0sp. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 16, S1350 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"541_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331063","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2024.2331063","volume":"17","author":"A Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan, A. et al. Green fabrication of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via Syzygium cumini leaves extract: characterizations, photocatalytic activity and nematicidal evaluation. Green. Chem. Lett. Rev. 17, 2331063 (2024).","journal-title":"Green. Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"541_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2023.101007","volume":"6","author":"Y Mbenga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mbenga, Y., Adeyemi, J. O., Mthiyane, D. M. N., Singh, M. & Onwudiwe, D. C. Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea. Results Chem. 6, 101007 (2023).","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"541_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-020-00357-z","volume":"8","author":"D Bhardwaj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhardwaj, D. & Singh, R. Green biomimetic synthesis of Ag\u2013TiO2 nanocomposite using Origanum majorana leaf extract under sonication and their biological activities. Bioresour. Bioprocess. 8, 1 (2021).","journal-title":"Bioresour Bioprocess."},{"key":"541_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05525-3","volume":"24","author":"A Batool","year":"2024","unstructured":"Batool, A. et al. Green synthesis of Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles from Zanthoxylum armatum. BMC Plant. Biol. 24, 820 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Plant. Biol."},{"key":"541_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2021.100821","volume":"123","author":"KJ Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, K. J., Tse, E. C. M., Shang, C. & Guo, Z. Nucleation and growth in solution synthesis of nanostructures \u2013 From fundamentals to advanced applications. Prog Mater. Sci. 123, 100821 (2022).","journal-title":"Prog Mater. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rio.2023.100601","volume":"14","author":"J Josun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Josun, J., Sharma, P. & Kumar Garg, V. Optical and structural behavior of hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanoparticles at various temperatures with NaOH molar ratios. Results Opt. 14, 100601 (2024).","journal-title":"Results Opt."},{"key":"541_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122703","volume":"14","author":"M Florensa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Florensa, M., Llenas, M., Medina-Guti\u00e9rrez, E. & Sandoval, S. Tob\u00edas-Rossell, G. Key parameters for the rational design, synthesis, and functionalization of biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 14, 2703 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"541_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-021-04281-5","volume":"3","author":"M Aravind","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aravind, M., Amalanathan, M. & Mary, M. S. M. Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by chemical and green synthesis methods and their multifaceted properties. SN Appl. Sci. 3, 409 (2021).","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12071025","volume":"12","author":"A Fouda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fouda, A. et al. An Eco-Friendly approach utilizing green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles for leather conservation against a fungal strain, penicillium expansum AL1, involved in the biodeterioration of a historical manuscript. Biology 12, 1025 (2023).","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"541_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.05.001","volume":"475","author":"R Khan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan, R. & Fulekar, M. H. Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens culture and enhancement of its photocatalytic activity for the degradation of a sulfonated textile dye reactive red 31. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 475, 184\u2013191 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"541_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdel-Maksoud, G. et al. Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and evaluate of their biocompatibility and antifungal activity. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery. 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-023-04587-x (2023).","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-04587-x"},{"key":"541_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.171914","volume":"968","author":"SA Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi, S. A. Precise calculation of crystallite size of nanomaterials: A review. J. Alloys Compd. 968, 171914 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"541_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142638","volume":"464","author":"MF Hamza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamza, M. F., Guibal, E., Wei, Y. & Ning, S. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of thiocarbazide-functionalized maleic-based polymer for thorium (IV) removal from aqueous solutions. Chem. Eng. J. 464, 142638 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"541_CR54","first-page":"152","volume":"9","author":"KAM Salih","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salih, K. A. M. et al. Phosphonation of Alginate-Polyethyleneimine beads for the enhanced removal of Cs(I) and Sr(II) from aqueous solutions. Gels Basel Switz. 9, 152 (2023).","journal-title":"Gels Basel Switz."},{"key":"541_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2011.05.077","volume":"65","author":"AV Kirthi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kirthi, A. V. et al. Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Mater. Lett. 65, 2745\u20132747 (2011).","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"541_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12879","DOI":"10.3390\/app122412879","volume":"12","author":"A Fouda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fouda, A. et al. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale: characterization and insight into antimicrobial, antioxidant, and in vitro cytotoxic activities. Appl. Sci. 12, 12879 (2022).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin, M. A. A. et al. Green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using endophytic fungal strain to improve the growth, metabolic activities, yield traits, and phenolic compounds content of Nigella sativa L. Green Process. Synth 13, (2024).","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2023-0215"},{"key":"541_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2019.02.010","volume":"80","author":"M Srinivasan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Srinivasan, M. et al. Green synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using Sesbania grandiflora and evaluation of toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Process. Biochem. 80, 197\u2013202 (2019).","journal-title":"Process. Biochem."},{"key":"541_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.111978","volume":"212","author":"MA Irshad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Irshad, M. A. et al. Synthesis, characterization and advanced sustainable applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 212, 111978 (2021).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"541_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2023.101291","volume":"7","author":"B Blessymol","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blessymol, B., Yasotha, P., Kalaiselvi, V. & Gopi, S. An antioxidant study of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles against Mace of nutmeg in Myristica fragrans Houtt, rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn and Kaempferia galanga extracts. Results Chem. 7, 101291 (2024).","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"541_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1007\/s10812-023-01644-1","volume":"90","author":"AF Saad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saad, A. F., Selim, Y. A., Hamada, M. & Elywa, M. Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of green tea and their antioxidant activities. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 90, 1142\u20131148 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"541_CR62","unstructured":"Walkowiak-Tomczak, D. Characteristics of plums as a Raw material with valuable nutritive and dietary properties - a review. Pol J. Food Nutr. Sci (2008)."},{"key":"541_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00067.2017","volume":"99","author":"M Rodrigues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodrigues, M., Kosaric, N., Bonham, C. A. & Gurtner, G. C. Wound healing: A cellular perspective. Physiol. Rev. 99, 665\u2013706 (2019).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"541_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359125","volume":"89","author":"S Guo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guo, S. & DiPietro, L. A. Factors affecting wound healing. J. Dent. Res. 89, 219\u2013229 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"541_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-016-0880-z","volume":"16","author":"S Chhabra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chhabra, S., Chhabra, N., Kaur, A. & Gupta, N. Wound healing concepts in clinical practice of OMFS. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. 16, 403\u2013423 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"541_CR66","first-page":"192","volume":"116","author":"J Kirby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kirby, J. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative pressure as advanced wound management. Mo Med. 116, 192\u2013194 (2019).","journal-title":"Mo Med."},{"key":"541_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100757","volume":"22","author":"J D\u00fcrig","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u00fcrig, J., Calcagni, M. & Buschmann, J. Transition metals in angiogenesis \u2013 A narrative review. Mater. Today Bio.. 22, 100757 (2023).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"541_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS01021H","volume":"49","author":"S Kargozar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kargozar, S., Baino, F., Hamzehlou, S., Hamblin, M. R. & Mozafari, M. Nanotechnology for angiogenesis: opportunities and challenges. Chem. Soc. Rev. 49, 5008\u20135057 (2020).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"541_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, K. et al. Sunlight-Activatable ROS generator for cell death using TiO2\/c-Si microwires. Nano Lett. 21, (2021).","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c02337"},{"key":"541_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7962","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147962","volume":"23","author":"SJ Cameron","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cameron, S. J., Sheng, J., Hosseinian, F. & Willmore, W. G. Nanoparticle effects on stress response pathways and Nanoparticle\u2013Protein interactions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 7962 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H. et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis by interfering with EGFR signaling in human breast cancer cells. Environ Res 175, (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.05.001"},{"key":"541_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12081247","volume":"12","author":"S Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, S., Alenius, H., El-Nezami, H. & Karisola, P. A new look at the effects of engineered ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles: evidence from transcriptomics studies. Nanomaterials 12, 1247 (2022).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"541_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35360-9","volume":"13","author":"ARA Nassar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nassar, A. R. A., Eid, A. M., Atta, H. M., Naghy, E., Fouda, A. & W. S. & Exploring the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, biocompatibility, and larvicidal activities of selenium nanoparticles fabricated by endophytic fungal strain Penicillium verhagenii. Sci. Rep. 13, 9054 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"541_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20070","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01622","volume":"5","author":"R Mwakalukwa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mwakalukwa, R., Amen, Y., Nagata, M. & Shimizu, K. Postprandial hyperglycemia Lowering effect of the isolated compounds from Olive mill Wastes - An inhibitory activity and kinetics studies on \u03b1-Glucosidase and \u03b1-Amylase enzymes. ACS Omega. 5, 20070\u201320079 (2020).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"541_CR75","first-page":"114714","volume":"216","author":"A Wongchai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wongchai, A. et al. Antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities potential of Coleus aromaticus synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Environ. Res. 216, 114714 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"541_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12269","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12269","volume":"41","author":"W Hao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hao, W., Wang, M. & Lv, M. The inhibitory effects of Yixing black tea extracts on A-Glucosidase. J. Food Biochem. 41, e12269 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"541_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6651","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45080420","volume":"45","author":"A Caturano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caturano, A. et al. Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: impacts from pathogenesis to lifestyle modifications. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 45, 6651\u20136666 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"541_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041509","volume":"22","author":"N Eguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eguchi, N., Vaziri, N. D., Dafoe, D. C. & Ichii, H. The role of oxidative stress in pancreatic \u0392 cell dysfunction in diabetes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 1509 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arbade, G., Landage, K., Khanna, P. & Bhongale, C. Biological approach to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles using Staphylococcus aureus for antibacterial and antibiofilm applications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/jmen.2020.08.00283 (2020).","DOI":"10.15406\/jmen.2020.08.00283"},{"key":"541_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-03186-6","author":"M Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, M., Loganathan, S., Prakash, D. & Natarajan, D. Antibacterial and anticancer potential of mycosynthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using Hypsizygus ulmarius. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-022-03186-6 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"541_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-020-01888-3","volume":"32","author":"K Manimaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manimaran, K. et al. Biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using edible mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) extract: mosquito larvicidal, histopathological, antibacterial and anticancer effect. J. Clust Sci. 32, 1229\u20131240 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clust Sci."},{"key":"541_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.111512","volume":"11","author":"K Manimaran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manimaran, K. et al. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation, antimicrobial and anticancer efficiency of mycosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles using Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom extract: an eco-friendly approach. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 11, 111512 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"541_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.118853","volume":"270","author":"V Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez, V., Obreg\u00f3n, S., Patr\u00f3n-Soberano, O. A., Terashima, C. & Fujishima, A. An approach to the photocatalytic mechanism in the TiO2-nanomaterials microorganism interface for the control of infectious processes. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 270, 118853 (2020).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"541_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01668-1","volume":"9","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. Nanotechnology\u2019s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment. Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther. 9, 1\u201350 (2024).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3390\/catal14070427","volume":"14","author":"A Fouda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fouda, A. et al. Investigating the potential of Green-Fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles to inhibit the foodborne pathogenic Bacteria isolated from spoiled fruits. Catalysts 14, 427 (2024).","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"541_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2022.11.005","volume":"59","author":"G Abdel-Maksoud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdel-Maksoud, G. et al. Eco-friendly approach for control of fungal deterioration of archaeological skeleton dated back to the Greco-Roman period. J. Cult. Herit. 59, 38\u201348 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"541_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.01.019","volume":"158","author":"T Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, T. et al. Using inorganic nanoparticles to fight fungal infections in the antimicrobial resistant era. Acta Biomater. 158, 56\u201379 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"541_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2018-0465","volume":"11","author":"S Hasim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hasim, S. & Coleman, J. J. Targeting the fungal cell wall: current therapies and implications for development of alternative antifungal agents. Future Med. Chem. 11, 869\u2013883 (2019).","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"541_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Rubio, R., de Oliveira, H. C. & Rivera, J. & Trevijano-Contador, N. The fungal cell wall: Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species. Front. Microbiol. 10, (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02993"},{"key":"541_CR90","first-page":"09","volume":"11","author":"MS Fathi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fathi, M. S., El-Sheshtawy, N. M., Youssef, S. S. & Ghareeb, A. Multiplex PCR identification of eight clinically relevant Candida species isolated from groin fungal infections among Egyptian patients. IOSR J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 11, 09\u201316 (2016).","journal-title":"IOSR J. Pharm. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-014-0301-x","volume":"5","author":"A Jesline","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jesline, A., John, N. P., Narayanan, P. M., Vani, C. & Murugan, S. Antimicrobial activity of zinc and titanium dioxide nanoparticles against biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Nanosci. 5, 157\u2013162 (2015).","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"541_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/17458080.2014.902544","volume":"10","author":"B Arora","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arora, B., Murar, M. & Dhumale, V. Antimicrobial potential of TiO2 nanoparticles against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Exp. Nanosci. 10, 819\u2013827 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Nanosci."},{"key":"541_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghareeb, A., Fouda, A., Kishk, R. M. & El Kazzaz, W. M. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of bioactive exopolysaccharide produced by marine actinobacterium Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus AMG31: A novel approach to drug development. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 133861 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133861 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133861"},{"key":"541_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2024.103243","volume":"36","author":"KS Alshallash","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alshallash, K. S. et al. Zingiber officinale-Mediated biosynthesis of bimetallic gold\/silver (BAu\/Ag) nanoalloys; an insight into antiviral and anticancer activities. J King Saud Univ. - Sci. 36, 103243 (2024).","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ. - Sci"},{"key":"541_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5915","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42269-9","volume":"9","author":"SM Londo\u00f1o-Restrepo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Londo\u00f1o-Restrepo, S. M., Jeronimo-Cruz, R., Mill\u00e1n-Malo, B. M., Rivera-Mu\u00f1oz, E. M. & Rodriguez-Garc\u00eda, M. E. Effect of the nano crystal size on the X-ray diffraction patterns of biogenic hydroxyapatite from human, bovine, and Porcine bones. Sci. Rep. 9, 5915 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"541_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3390\/catal14070419","volume":"14","author":"AM Eid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eid, A. M. et al. Photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles fabricated by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Catalysts 14, 419 (2024).","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"541_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3390\/life14121629","volume":"14","author":"MM Khowdiary","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khowdiary, M. M. et al. Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted biomedical activities of Nitraria retusa extract as natural Product-Based therapies. Life 14, 1629 (2024).","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"541_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01099","volume":"7","author":"I Gonz\u00e1lez-Palma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Palma, I. et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus in different growth stages. Front. Microbiol. 7, 1099 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"541_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","volume":"269","author":"P Prieto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Prieto, P., Pineda, M. & Aguilar, M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal. Biochem. 269, 337\u2013341 (1999).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"541_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","volume":"239","author":"IF Benzie","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benzie, I. F. & Strain, J. J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of \u2018antioxidant power\u2019: the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 239, 70\u201376 (1996).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"541_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2019.1608886","volume":"25","author":"S Athamena","year":"2019","unstructured":"Athamena, S., Laroui, S., Bouzid, W. & Meziti, A. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Juniperu thurifera. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 25, 271\u2013286 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants"},{"key":"541_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinotti, S. & Ranzato, E. Scratch Wound Healing Assay. in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) vol. 2109 (2019).","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2019_259"},{"key":"541_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.024","volume":"50","author":"L Fan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fan, L. et al. Synthesis and anticoagulant activity of the quaternary ammonium Chitosan sulfates. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 50, 31\u201337 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"541_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2003.06.001","volume":"93","author":"V Bulmus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bulmus, V. et al. A new pH-responsive and glutathione-reactive, endosomal membrane-disruptive polymeric carrier for intracellular delivery of biomolecular drugs. J. Controlled Release. 93, 105\u2013120 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"541_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3390\/life12091387","volume":"12","author":"SZ Alshawwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alshawwa, S. Z. et al. Assessment of Pharmacological potential of novel exopolysaccharide isolated from marine Kocuria Sp. Strain AG5: Broad-Spectrum biological investigations. Life 12, 1387 (2022).","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"541_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/190065","author":"MA Alharbi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alharbi, M. A. et al. Investigating the Multi-Targeted Pharmacological profile of an exopolysaccharide from Bacillus rugosus SYG20 via in vitro evaluation of its antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Arch. Med. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/190065 (2024).","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aloraini, G. S. et al. Biomedical and therapeutic potential of marine-derived Pseudomonas sp. strain AHG22 exopolysaccharide: A novel bioactive microbial metabolite. Rev Adv. Mater. Sci 63, (2024).","DOI":"10.1515\/rams-2024-0016"},{"key":"541_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alharbi, N. K. et al. Tapping the biosynthetic potential of marine Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific sulphated exopolysaccharide producer: structural insights, bio-prospecting its antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency as a novel anti-infective lead. Front. Microbiol. 15, (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1385493"},{"key":"541_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.3.385","volume":"32","author":"WJ Brown","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown, W. J. National committee for clinical laboratory standards agar Dilution susceptibility testing of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32, 385\u2013390 (1988).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"541_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02681.x","volume":"118","author":"ALS Antunes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Antunes, A. L. S. et al. Application of a feasible method for determination of biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility in Staphylococci. APMIS 118, 873\u2013877 (2010).","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"541_CR111","first-page":"100401","volume":"13","author":"UO Aigbe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aigbe, U. O. & Osibote, O. A. Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, and their various applications. J. Hazard. Mater. Adv. 13, 100401 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"key":"541_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphi.2023.100355","volume":"7","author":"DM Tejashwini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tejashwini, D. M. et al. An in-depth exploration of eco-friendly synthesis methods for metal oxide nanoparticles and their role in photocatalysis for industrial dye degradation. Chem. Phys. Impact. 7, 100355 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Impact"},{"key":"541_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135148","volume":"1281","author":"AM El-Khawaga","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Khawaga, A. M., Zidan, A. & El-Mageed A. I. A. A. Preparation methods of different nanomaterials for various potential applications: A review. J. Mol. Struct. 1281, 135148 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"541_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.09.291","volume":"27","author":"S Kumari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumari, S. et al. A comprehensive review on various techniques used for synthesizing nanoparticles. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 27, 1739\u20131763 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00541-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00541-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00541-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T12:01:53Z","timestamp":1750680113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00541-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-00541-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20244"}}