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A significant challenge in these areas is the limited availability of high-quality datasets, which can hinder the accuracy of the predictive models. To address this issue, this paper proposes leveraging Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate synthetic samples for training. Despite their potential, traditional GAN face challenges such as mode collapse, vanishing gradients, and pixel integrity issues. This paper introduces a novel architecture, Penca-GAN, which enhances GANs through three key modifications: (1) dual loss functions to ensure pixel integrity and promote diversity in augmented images, effectively mitigating mode collapse and improving the quality of synthetic data; (2) the integration of an identity block to stabilize training, preserving essential input features and facilitating smoother gradient flow; and (3) a pancreas-inspired metaheuristic loss function that dynamically adapts to variations in training data to maintain pixel coherence and diversity. Extensive experiments on three renewable energy datasets\u2014SKY images, Solar images, and Wind Turbine images\u2014demonstrate the effectiveness of the Penca-GAN architecture. Our comparative analysis revealed that Penca-GAN consistently achieved the lowest Fr\u00e9chet Inception Distance (FID) scores (164.45 for SKY, 113.54 for Solar, and 109.34 for Wind Turbine), indicating superior image quality compared to other architectures. Additionally, it attains the highest Inception Score (IS) across all datasets, scoring 71.43 for SKY, 87.65 for Solar, and 90.32 for Wind Turbine. Furthermore, the application of Penca-GAN significantly enhanced the fault detection capabilities, achieving accuracy improvements from 85.92 to 90.04% for solar panels and from 86.06 to 90.43% for wind turbines. These results underscore Penca-GAN\u2019s robust performance in generating high-fidelity synthetic images, significantly advancing renewable energy applications, and improving model performance in critical tasks such as fault detection and energy prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00600-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:43:48Z","timestamp":1747147428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A dual GAN with identity blocks and pancreas-inspired loss for renewable energy optimization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Elbaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal M.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa Salem","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.125834","volume":"289","author":"T Ahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmad, T. et al. 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