{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T15:48:51Z","timestamp":1794412131809,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00851-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T12:02:13Z","timestamp":1747137733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Magnetic and antibacterial properties of substituted cobalt spinel ferrite nanocomposites synthesized via henna green microwave hydrothermal method"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Basmah","family":"Ghalib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Hessien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"851_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-017-6800-2","volume":"28","author":"K Kombaiah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kombaiah, K. et al. A Green approach: synthesis, characterization and opto-magnetic properties of MgxMn1\u2212xFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28, 10321\u201310329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-017-6800-2 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"851_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0032843","volume":"2021","author":"AS Davydov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davydov, A. S. et al. Promising magnetic nanoradiosensitizers for combination of tumor hyperthermia and X-ray therapy: Theoretical calculation. J. Appl. Phys. 2021, 129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0032843 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"851_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2006.11.080","volume":"310","author":"SW Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, S. W. et al. Self-heating characteristics of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for hyperthermia application. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310, 2868\u20132870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmmm.2006.11.080 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"851_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.11.056","volume":"47","author":"A Manohar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manohar, A., Chintagumpala, K. & Kim, K. H. Mixed Zn\u2013Ni spinel ferrites: Structure, magnetic hyperthermia and photocatalytic properties. Ceram. Int. 47, 7052\u20137061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.11.056 (2021).","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"851_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics12010030","volume":"2024","author":"Z Alhalili","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alhalili, Z. & Abdelrahman, E. A. Facile synthesis and characterization of manganese ferrite nanoparticles for the successful removal of safranine T dye from aqueous solutions. Inorganics 2024, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/inorganics12010030 (2024).","journal-title":"Inorganics"},{"key":"851_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9770212","volume":"2023","author":"QY Tamboli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tamboli, Q. Y. et al. Green synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: an emerging material for environmental and biomedical applications. J. Nanomater. 2023, 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/9770212 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"851_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphi.2022.100098","volume":"2022","author":"A Chaudhari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudhari, A. et al. Dye degradation and antimicrobial applications of manganese ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by plant extracts. Chem. Phys. Impact 2022, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chphi.2022.100098 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Impact"},{"key":"851_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst12020268","volume":"2022","author":"SA Al-Zahrani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Zahrani, S. A. et al. Influence of Ce3+ on the structural, morphological, magnetic, photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of spinel MnFe2O4 nanocrystallites prepared by the combustion route. Crystals 2022, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cryst12020268 (2022).","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"851_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-26425-3","volume":"30","author":"P Pietrzyk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pietrzyk, P. et al. Green composites based on volcanic red algae Cyanidiales, cellulose, and coffee waste biomass modified with magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of methylene blue. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 30, 62689\u201362703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26425-3 (2023).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"851_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2023.117051","volume":"2024","author":"SD Bharathi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bharathi, S. D. & Babu, D. R. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Manganese ferrite nanoparticles. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2024, 300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mseb.2023.117051 (2024).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. B"},{"key":"851_CR11","first-page":"32","volume":"2018","author":"O Ehi-Eromosele","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ehi-Eromosele, O. Synthesis and evaluation of the antimicrobial potentials of cobalt doped- and magnesium ferrite spinel nanoparticles. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia 2018, 32 (2018).","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia"},{"key":"851_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1179\/174328408X282065","volume":"24","author":"R Venkatasubramanian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Venkatasubramanian, R. & Misra, R. D. K. Comparative study of antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity in titania encapsulated composite nanoparticles with different dopants. Mater. Sci. Technol. 24, 7 (2008).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"851_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16601","volume":"9","author":"SJ Salih","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salih, S. J. & Mahmood, W. M. Review on magnetic spinel ferrite (MFe(2)O(4)) nanoparticles: From synthesis to application. Heliyon 9, e16601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16601 (2023).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"851_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11061560","volume":"2021","author":"T Dippong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dippong, T., Levei, E. A. & Cadar, O. Recent advances in synthesis and applications of MFe(2)O(4) (M = Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021, 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano11061560 (2021).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"851_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111090","volume":"2024","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Zhu, X., Zhao, P. & Ren, W. Determination of quinolone antibiotics in surface water by MnFe2O4@TiO2 magnetic solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography. Microchem. J. 2024, 204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111090 (2024).","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"851_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7639\/abfcd5","volume":"2021","author":"Z Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan, Z., FitzGerald, S., Crawford, T. M. & Mefford, O. T. Manganese and cobalt substituted ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via a seed-mediated drip method. J. Phys. Mater. 2021, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2515-7639\/abfcd5 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Mater."},{"key":"851_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5114815","volume":"2019","author":"BC Keswani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keswani, B. C., Patil, S. I., Kolekar, Y. D. & Ramana, C. V. Improved magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) by Mn and Dy co-substitution for magneto-mechanical sensors. J. Appl. Phys. 2019, 126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5114815 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"851_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2020.109654","volume":"2021","author":"P Monisha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monisha, P., Priyadharshini, P., Gomathi, S. S. & Pushpanathan, K. Influence of Mn dopant on the crystallite size, optical and magnetic behaviour of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2021, 148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpcs.2020.109654 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"851_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20699","DOI":"10.1039\/c7cp03953k","volume":"19","author":"G Datt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Datt, G., Kotabage, C. & Abhyankar, A. C. Ferromagnetic resonance of NiCoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles and microwave absorption properties of flexible NiCoFe(2)O(4)-carbon black\/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 20699\u201320712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7cp03953k (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"851_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2014.03.016","volume":"362","author":"M Vadivel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vadivel, M., Ramesh Babu, R., Sethuraman, K., Ramamurthi, K. & Arivanandhan, M. Synthesis, structural, dielectric, magnetic and optical properties of Cr substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles by co-precipitation method. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 362, 122\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmmm.2014.03.016 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"851_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2005.07.003","volume":"31","author":"R Singh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Singh, R., Singh, N., Singh, J., Balaji, G. & Gajbhiye, N. Effect of partial substitution of Cr on electrocatalytic properties of CoFe2O4CoFe2O4 towards O2O2-evolution in alkaline medium\u2606. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 701\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2005.07.003 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"851_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10948-018-4778-5","volume":"32","author":"VS Shinde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shinde, V. S. et al. Structure, morphology, cation distribution and magnetic properties of Cr3+-substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 32, 945\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10948-018-4778-5 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Supercond. Novel Magn."},{"key":"851_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2019.102212","volume":"2019","author":"KC Verma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verma, K. C., Goyal, N., Singh, M., Singh, M. & Kotnala, R. K. Hematite \u03b1-Fe2O3 induced magnetic and electrical behavior of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles. Results Phys. 2019, 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rinp.2019.102212 (2019).","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"851_CR24","first-page":"3","volume":"155","author":"NM Masahiko Naoe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Masahiko Naoe, N. M. Deposition of single-layer CoFe204and multilayer CoFe204\/Fe203with large Ms and high Hc using vacuum arc evaporation. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 155, 3 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"851_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4744","DOI":"10.1021\/am508438s","volume":"7","author":"H Lv","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lv, H. et al. Coin-like alpha-Fe2O3@CoFe2O4 core-shell composites with excellent electromagnetic absorption performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 4744\u20134750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/am508438s (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"851_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8048","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ta00200h","volume":"2","author":"G Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang, G. et al. Hierarchical NiFe2O4\/Fe2O3 nanotubes derived from metal organic frameworks for superior lithium ion battery anodes. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 8048\u20138053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c4ta00200h (2014).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"851_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115983","volume":"272","author":"PA Vinosha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinosha, P. A. et al. Exploring the influence of varying pH on structural, electro-optical, magnetic and photo-Fenton properties of mesoporous ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals. Environ. Pollut. 272, 115983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115983 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"851_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2024.114471","author":"A Manohar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manohar, A. et al. Comprehensive study of CeO2\/CuFe2O4 nanocomposites: Structural, EPR, magnetic, electrochemical, and cytotoxicity properties. Mater. Charact. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchar.2024.114471 (2024).","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"851_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2024.114296","author":"JA L\u00f3pez Medina","year":"2024","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez Medina, J. A. et al. Magnetic, structural, and morphological properties behavior of Ni1\u2013xCoxFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles: Theoretical and experimental study. Mater. Charact. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchar.2024.114296 (2024).","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"851_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2024.114514","author":"N Al Sdran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al Sdran, N., Chandekar, K. V., Ansari, S. A. & Shkir, M. Novel Mo: CoFe2O4 nanoparticles combustion synthesis for opto-magneto-electrochemical applications: A systematic analysis. Mater. Charact. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchar.2024.114514 (2024).","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"851_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9738","DOI":"10.1039\/c6tc03518c","volume":"4","author":"P Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, P., Yao, Z., Zhou, J., Yang, Z. & Kong, L. B. Small magnetic Co-doped NiZn ferrite\/graphene nanocomposites and their dual-region microwave absorption performance. J. Mater. Chem. C 4, 9738\u20139749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6tc03518c (2016).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"851_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14030308","author":"A Al-Yunus","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Yunus, A. et al. Effect of synthesis conditions on CuO\u2013NiO nanocomposites synthesized via saponin-green\/microwave assisted-hydrothermal method. Nanomaterials (Basel) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano14030308 (2024).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"851_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-015-4082-0","volume":"27","author":"M Hassanpour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hassanpour, M., Safardoust, H., Ghanbari, D. & Salavati-Niasari, M. Microwave synthesis of CuO\/NiO magnetic nanocomposites and its application in photo-degradation of methyl orange. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 2718\u20132727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-015-4082-0 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"851_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2005.09.056","volume":"60","author":"W-W Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang, W.-W., Zhu, Y.-J., Cheng, G.-F. & Huang, Y.-H. Microwave-assisted synthesis of cupric oxide nanosheets and nanowhiskers. Mater. Lett. 60, 609\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matlet.2005.09.056 (2006).","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"851_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2015.08.022","volume":"396","author":"R Safi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Safi, R., Ghasemi, A., Shoja-Razavi, R. & Tavousi, M. The role of pH on the particle size and magnetic consequence of cobalt ferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 396, 288\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmmm.2015.08.022 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"851_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.08.094","volume":"46","author":"R Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, R., Liu, J., Xu, L. & Zhou, J. Microwave idrothermal synthesis of magnesium-aluminium spinel. Ceram. Int. 46, 29207\u201329211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.08.094 (2020).","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"851_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2018.04.013","volume":"13","author":"YP Yew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yew, Y. P. et al. Green biosynthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and biomedical applications in targeted anticancer drug delivery system: A review. Arab. J. Chem. 13, 2287\u20132308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arabjc.2018.04.013 (2020).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"851_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202200035","author":"TA Wani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wani, T. A. & Suresh, G. Plant-mediated green synthesis of magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles: a sustainable trend in nanotechnology. Adv. Sustain. Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adsu.202200035 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Sustain. Syst."},{"key":"851_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.101702","author":"SG Divakara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Divakara, S. G. & Mahesh, B. A comprehensive review on current trends in greener and sustainable synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles and their promising applications. Results Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.101702 (2024).","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"851_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2022-0143","volume":"11","author":"SA Jasim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jasim, S. A. et al. Green synthesis of spinel copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles and their toxicity. Nanotechnol. Rev. 11, 2483\u20132492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ntrev-2022-0143 (2022).","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev."},{"key":"851_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-03638-z","author":"F Ameen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ameen, F. Green synthesis spinel ferrite nanosheets and their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Biomass Convers. Bioref. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-022-03638-z (2022).","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Bioref."},{"key":"851_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2020.1866129","volume":"84","author":"O Khantamat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khantamat, O. et al. Safety and bioactivity assessment of aqueous extract of Thai Henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn) Leaf. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 84, 298\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287394.2020.1866129 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"851_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1134\/s0022476618070302","volume":"59","author":"S Taghavi Fardood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taghavi Fardood, S., Ramazani, A., Asiabi, P. A. & Joo, S. W. A. Novel green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using a henna extract powder. J. Struct. Chem. 59, 1737\u20131743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0022476618070302 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Struct. Chem."},{"key":"851_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19648189.2021.1925159","author":"NK Brixi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brixi, N. K., Cherif, R., Bezzar, A., Sail, L. & A\u00eft-Mokhtar, A. Effectiveness of henna leaves extract and its derivatives as green corrosion inhibitors of reinforcement steel exposed to chlorides. Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19648189.2021.1925159 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"851_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0870-0","author":"MSM Musa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Musa, M. S. M. et al. Application of henna extract in minimizing surfactant adsorption on quartz sand in saline condition: A sacrificial agent approach. SN Appl. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42452-019-0870-0 (2019).","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"851_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12050752","author":"P Imanipour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Imanipour, P., Hasani, S., Seifoddini, A. & Nabialek, M. Synthesis and characterization of zinc and vanadium co-substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. Nanomaterials (Basel) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano12050752 (2022).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"851_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2020.111117","author":"M \u0160uljagi\u0107","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0160uljagi\u0107, M. et al. The influence of the starch coating on the magnetic properties of nanosized cobalt ferrites obtained by different synthetic methods. Mater. Res. Bull. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.materresbull.2020.111117 (2021).","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"851_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-020-03394-8","volume":"31","author":"E Sarala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarala, E., Madhukara Naik, M., Vinuth, M., Rami Reddy, Y. V. & Sujatha, H. R. Green synthesis of Lawsonia inermis-mediated zinc ferrite nanoparticles for magnetic studies and anticancer activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 31, 8589\u20138596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-020-03394-8 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"851_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10948-013-2305-2","volume":"27","author":"DV Kurmude","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kurmude, D. V., Barkule, R. S., Raut, A. V., Shengule, D. R. & Jadhav, K. M. X-ray diffraction and cation distribution studies in zinc-substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 27, 547\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10948-013-2305-2 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Supercond. Novel Magn."},{"key":"851_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-005-6099-x","volume":"40","author":"AA Pandit","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pandit, A. A., Shengule, D. R. & Jadhav, K. M. Magnetic and dielectric properties of Mg1+x Mnx Fe2\u22122x O4 ferrite system. J. Mater. Sci. 40, 6 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"851_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4862","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-020-05225-2","volume":"32","author":"S Mallesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mallesh, S. & Srinivas, V. Evolution of structure and magnetic properties in MnZn ferrite-silica nanocomposites fabricated by sol\u2013gel method. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 4862\u20134871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-020-05225-2 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"851_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zainuri, M. Hematite from natural iron stones as microwave absorbing material on X-band frequency ranges. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Functional Materials Science, 5 (2016).","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/196\/1\/012008"},{"key":"851_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-011-0337-4","volume":"34","author":"SM Ramay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramay, S. M., Atiq, S., Siddiqi, S. A. & Naseem, S. Influence of temperature on structural and magnetic properties of Co0\u22c55Mn0\u22c55Fe2O4 ferrites. Bull. Mater. Sci. 34, 5 (2011).","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"851_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.10.105","volume":"43","author":"IA Fernandes de Medeiros","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandes de Medeiros, I. A., Lopes-Moriyama, A. L. & de Souza, C. P. Effect of synthesis parameters on the size of cobalt ferrite crystallite. Ceram. Int. 43, 3962\u20133969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.10.105 (2017).","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"851_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.2002.0352","volume":"17","author":"LJ Cote","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cote, L. J., Wilkinson, A. P. & Zhang, Z. J. Continuous hydrothermal synthesis and crystallization of magnetic oxide nanoparticles. J. Mater. Res. 17, 7 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"851_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1569006","volume":"34","author":"A Pasandi Pour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pasandi Pour, A. & Farahbakhsh, H. Lawsonia inermis L. leaves aqueous extract as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial product. Nat. Prod. Res. 34, 3399\u20133403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14786419.2019.1569006 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"851_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104138","author":"MA Abid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abid, M. A. & Kadhim, D. A. Novel comparison of iron oxide nanoparticle preparation by mixing iron chloride with henna leaf extract with and without applied pulsed laser ablation for methylene blue degradation. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104138 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"851_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.121902","author":"RM Kershi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kershi, R. M. & Aldirham, S. H. Transport and dielectric properties of nanocrystallite cobalt ferrites: Correlation with cations distribution and crystallite size. Mater. Chem. Phys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.121902 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"851_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2014.02.091","volume":"361","author":"R Galindo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galindo, R. et al. Comparison of different methodologies for obtaining nickel nanoferrites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 361, 118\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmmm.2014.02.091 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"851_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2013.09.003","volume":"60","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. CuO nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, growth mechanisms, fundamental properties, and applications. Prog. Mater Sci. 60, 208\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2013.09.003 (2014).","journal-title":"Prog. Mater Sci."},{"key":"851_CR61","unstructured":"Moulder, J. F., Stickle, W. F., E.'Sobol, P., Bomben, K.D. Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1993)."},{"key":"851_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41871","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ra08363a","volume":"10","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. Enhancing bifunctional catalytic activity of cobalt-nickel sulfide spinel nanocatalysts through transition metal doping and its application in secondary zinc-air batteries. RSC Adv. 10, 41871\u201341882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0ra08363a (2020).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"851_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20474","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-021-06557-3","volume":"32","author":"L Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao, L. et al. Microstructure, XPS and magnetic analysis of Al-doped nickel\u2013manganese\u2013cobalt ferrite. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 20474\u201320488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-021-06557-3 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"851_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402-4896\/aca5bc","author":"MA Mahdy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahdy, M. A., Azab, A. A., El Zawawi, I. K. & Turky, G. Tailoring ZnO\/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites: structure, optical, dielectric and magnetic study. Phys. Scripta https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1402-4896\/aca5bc (2022).","journal-title":"Phys. Scripta"},{"key":"851_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5007760","author":"WB Mdlalose","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mdlalose, W. B., Mokhosi, S. R., Dlamini, S., Moyo, T. & Singh, M. Effect of chitosan coating on the structural and magnetic properties of MnFe2O4 and Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles. AIP Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5007760 (2018).","journal-title":"AIP Adv."},{"key":"851_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.122181","author":"R Dou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dou, R., Cheng, H., Ma, J. & Komarneni, S. Manganese doped magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for dye degradation via a novel heterogeneous chemical catalysis. Mater. Chem. Phys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.122181 (2020).","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"851_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2015.08.022","volume":"396","author":"R Safi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Safi, R., Ghasemi, A., Shoja-Razavi, R. & Tavousi, M. The role of pH on the particle size and magnetic consequence of cobalt ferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 396, 7 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"851_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6810","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-021-05386-8","volume":"32","author":"SP Deshmukh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deshmukh, S. P., Sanadi, K. R., Diggikar, R. S., Koli, V. B. & Mali, A. V. Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of manganese-substituted magnesium chromate spinel structure. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 6810\u20136819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-021-05386-8 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"851_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Velho-Pereira, S., Noronha, A., Mathias, A., Zakane, R., Naik, V., Naik, P., Salker, A. V., & Naik, S. R. (2015) Antibacterial action of doped CoFe2O4 nanocrystals on multidrug resistant bacterial strains. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 52, 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2015.03.046.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.03.046"},{"key":"851_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2022.113026","author":"S Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur, S. et al. Spinel nanoferrite (CoFe2O4): The impact of Cr doping on its structural, surface morphology, magnetic, and antibacterial activity traits. Opt. Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optmat.2022.113026 (2022).","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00851-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00851-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00851-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T12:02:19Z","timestamp":1747137739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00851-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-00851-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16653"}}