{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:26:22Z","timestamp":1781645182579,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2024206062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2024206062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00855-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T12:43:59Z","timestamp":1746621839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of the mitoxantrone thermosensitive liposome nanodelivery system on prostate cancer in vivo and in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjiao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"855_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2021.09.006","volume":"4","author":"G Gandaglia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gandaglia, G. et al. Epidemiology and prevention of prostate Cancer. Eur. Urol. Oncol. 4 (6), 877\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2021.09.006 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"issue":"10437","key":"855_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00651-2","volume":"403","author":"ND James","year":"2024","unstructured":"James, N. D. et al. The lancet commission on prostate cancer: planning for the surge in cases. Lancet 403 (10437), 1683\u20131722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00651-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"17","key":"855_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5730","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175730","volume":"27","author":"M Sekhoacha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sekhoacha, M. et al. Prostate Cancer review: genetics, diagnosis, treatment options, and alternative approaches. Molecules 27 (17), 5730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27175730 (2022).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"855_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21364","volume":"36","author":"BJ Evison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Evison, B. J., Sleebs, B. E., Watson, K. G., Phillips, D. R. & Cutts, S. M. Mitoxantrone, more than just another topoisomerase II poison. Med. Res. Rev. 36 (2), 248\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/med.21364 (2016).","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"855_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119607","volume":"277","author":"CW Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, C. W. & Choi, K. C. Effects of anticancer drugs on the cardiac mitochondrial toxicity and their underlying mechanisms for novel cardiac protective strategies. Life Sci. 277, 119607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119607 (2021).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"855_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11353-9","volume":"23","author":"TW Kouwenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kouwenberg, T. W. et al. Acute and early-onset cardiotoxicity in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review. BMC Cancer. 23 (1), 866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-023-11353-9 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"855_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2011045","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2011.045","volume":"3","author":"M Joannides","year":"2011","unstructured":"Joannides, M. et al. Molecular pathogenesis of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia. Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis. 3 (1), e2011045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4084\/MJHID.2011.045 (2011).","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"855_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.4.2.219","volume":"4","author":"K Seiter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seiter, K. Toxicity of the topoisomerase II inhibitors. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 4 (2), 219\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14740338.4.2.219 (2005).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"855_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2024.2448619","volume":"8","author":"L Jing","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jing, L. et al. Targeted delivery strategy of indocyanine green-mitoxantrone loaded liposomes co-modified with BTP-7 and BR2 for the treatment of glioma. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 8, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10837450.2024.2448619 (2025).","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"855_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892010258845231101091359","volume":"25","author":"T Wen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wen, T. et al. Evaluation of new folate Receptor-mediated Mitoxantrone targeting liposomes in vitro. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 25 (4), 510\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113892010258845231101091359 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"855_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2021.1920037","volume":"26","author":"A Amer Ridha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amer Ridha, A. et al. A promising dual-drug targeted delivery system in cancer therapy: nanocomplexes of folate-apoferritin-conjugated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 26 (6), 673\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10837450.2021.1920037 (2021).","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"855_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0123461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123461","volume":"4","author":"AD Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong, A. D., Ye, M., Ulmschneider, M. B. & Searson, P. C. Quantitative analysis of the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. PLoS One. 4 (5), e0123461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0123461 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"855_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.07.007","volume":"130","author":"SK Golombek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Golombek, S. K. et al. Tumor targeting via EPR: strategies to enhance patient responses. Adv. Drug Deliv Rev. 130, 17\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2018.07.007 (2018).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"855_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.05.019","volume":"70","author":"C Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. Encapsulation of Mitoxantrone into pegylated suvs enhances its antineoplastic efficacy. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 70 (2), 657\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.05.019 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"8","key":"855_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2022.2099834","volume":"19","author":"M Chaudhry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudhry, M., Lyon, P., Coussios, C. & Carlisle, R. Thermosensitive liposomes: a promising step toward localised chemotherapy. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 19 (8), 899\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17425247.2022.2099834 (2022).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"5","key":"855_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14050925","volume":"14","author":"WH Abuwatfa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abuwatfa, W. H., Awad, N. S., Pitt, W. G. & Husseini, G. A. Thermosensitive polymers and Thermo-Responsive liposomal drug delivery systems. Polym. (Basel). 14 (5), 925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym14050925 (2022).","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"key":"855_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113985","volume":"178","author":"N Borys","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borys, N. & Dewhirst, M. W. Drug development of lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin: combining hyperthermia and thermosensitive drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv Rev. 178, 113985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113985 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv Rev."},{"key":"855_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2021.102484","volume":"40","author":"M Regenold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Regenold, M. et al. Turning down the heat: the case for mild hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposomes. Nanomedicine 40, 102484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nano.2021.102484 (2022).","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"855_CR19","first-page":"256","volume":"49","author":"W Tian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tian, W. et al. Repeated injection of Mitoxantrone containing thermosensitive liposomes in rat induced ABC phenomeno]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 49 (2), 256\u2013259 (2014). Chinese.","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"855_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35391-1","volume":"292","author":"ET Dams","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dams, E. T. et al. Accelerated blood clearance and altered biodistribution of repeated injections of sterically stabilized liposomes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 292, 1071\u20131079 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"855_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S26766","volume":"7","author":"HI Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang, H. I. & Yeh, M. K. Clinical development of liposome-based drugs: formulation, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy. Int. J. Nanomed. 7, 49\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S26766 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"16","key":"855_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7595","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2022.2123393","volume":"41","author":"S Mishra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mishra, S., Mishra, A. K. & Sharma, R. Structural dynamics of chlorpromazine (CPZ) drug with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid: a potential drug for SARS-CoV-2. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 41 (16), 7595\u20137602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07391102.2022.2123393 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"issue":"3","key":"855_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(74)90075-3","volume":"363","author":"K Inoue","year":"1974","unstructured":"Inoue, K. & Kitagawa, T. Effect of exogenous lysolecithin on liposomal membranes. Its relation to membrane fluidity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 363 (3), 361\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-2736(74)90075-3 (1974).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"855_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.11.025","volume":"112","author":"DB Kirpotin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kirpotin, D. B. et al. Drug stability and minimized Acid-\/Drug-Catalyzed phospholipid degradation in liposomal Irinotecan. J. Pharm. Sci. 112 (2), 416\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.11.025 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"855_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124164","volume":"657","author":"C Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, C., Gamage, P. L., Jiang, W. & Mudalige, T. Excipient-related impurities in liposome drug products. Int. J. Pharm. 657, 124164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124164 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"855_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.03.038","volume":"486","author":"RP Gala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gala, R. P., Khan, I., Elhissi, A. M. & Alhnan, M. A. A comprehensive production method of self-cryoprotected nano-liposome powders. Int. J. Pharm. 486 (1\u20132), 153\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.03.038 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"855_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105780","volume":"161","author":"G Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, G. et al. Estrone-targeted liposomes for Mitoxantrone delivery via Estrogen receptor: in vivo targeting efficacy, antitumor activity, acute toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 161, 105780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105780 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"855_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328213515288","volume":"29","author":"S Ghanbarzadeh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghanbarzadeh, S., Arami, S., Pourmoazzen, Z., Ghasemian-Yadegari, J. & Khorrami, A. Plasma stable, pH-sensitive fusogenic polymer-modified liposomes: A promising carrier for Mitoxantrone. J. Biomater. Appl. 29 (1), 81\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885328213515288 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"855_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2954-3_9","volume":"2622","author":"M Alawak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alawak, M. et al. Magnetic thermosensitive liposomes loaded with doxorubicin. Methods Mol. Biol. 2622, 103\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-2954-3_9 (2023).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"855_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123039","volume":"641","author":"X Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, X. et al. Microfluidic fabricated bisdemethoxycurcumin thermosensitive liposome with enhanced antitumor effect. Int. J. Pharm. 641, 123039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123039 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"855_CR31","unstructured":"Kong, G., Braun, R. & Dewhirst, M. W. Characterisation of the effect of hyperthermia on nanoparticle extravasation from tumor vasculature. Cancer Res. 3027\u20133032. (2001)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00855-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00855-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00855-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T12:44:01Z","timestamp":1746621841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-00855-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-00855-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Animal experiments in this study were approved by the animal ethics committees of Shijiazhuang Pharmaceutical Group Drug Research Institute, with the approval number: 20240783. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the international, national, and institutional guidelines for animal care.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}}],"article-number":"15940"}}