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Traditional machine learning algorithms trained on unbalanced datasets tend to bias towards the majority class (legitimate transactions) and may overlook minority class (fraudulent transactions) patterns. This bias can lead to poor performance in detecting fraudulent activities. The choice of sampling technique (e.g., oversampling, undersampling, SMOTE) can significantly impact model performance. However, selecting the appropriate sampling strategy requires domain knowledge and experimentation, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This work utilizes Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)-based sampling to tackle class imbalance in credit card fraud detection. By generating realistic synthetic fraud samples, ABC-sampling helps the model learn fraudulent patterns more effectively without favoring non-fraudulent transactions. Inspired by the foraging behavior of bees, the process involves exploring existing fraud patterns, selecting the most relevant ones, creating synthetic fraud samples, and refining them to ensure they closely resemble real fraud cases while preserving key features that distinguish fraud from regular transactions. This method enhances fraud detection accuracy and minimizes false alarms, making the system more reliable. The suggested model employs anomaly detection algorithm to identify unusual or fraudulent trading activities in which it creates behavioral profiles for individual traders based on their historical trading activities and utilizes machine learning algorithm to cluster traders into groups based on similar behavior patterns. Then it identifies characteristic features of fraudulent traders such as sudden changes in trading volume, irregular trading hours, or trading activities inconsistent with their profile. By analyzing patterns and anomalies in traders\u2019 behavior, these approaches can effectively identify suspicious activities indicative of fraudulent behavior. Extensive performance studies demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by 10% in terms of accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01223-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T14:12:21Z","timestamp":1748009541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Intelligent approach to detecting online fraudulent trading with solution for imbalanced data in fintech forensics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Saad M.","family":"Darwish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr Ibrahim","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel A.","family":"Elzoghabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1223_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"B Nikkel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nikkel, B. 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