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Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that this extract exerts excellent anti-inflammatory effects beneficial for skin barrier repair. However, the mechanism of action and monomeric components of <jats:italic>D. draco<\/jats:italic> remain unclear. Seven active monomers (XJ-1\u2009~\u2009XJ-7) were extracted and purified from <jats:italic>D. draco<\/jats:italic>. The successful construction of the HaCaT inflammation model was achieved through the detection of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 expressions in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Based on this cellular model, (2\u00a0S)-5-methoxy-6-methylflavan-7-ol (XJ-2) was determined to be the best-screened monomer. The effects of XJ-2 on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in HaCaT cells were investigated using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry, respectively. The impact of XJ-2 on the expression of crucial proteins within the NF-\u03baB pathway was examined via immunofluorescence and western blotting. The expression levels of downstream inflammatory factors, namely IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1, were detected through PCR. The effects of XJ-2 on the expression of skin barrier-related factors filaggrin (FLG), aquaporin 3 (AQP-3), and claudin1 (CLDN1) were investigated using PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Based on these findings, we comprehensively examined the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and barrier repair effects of XJ-2. XJ-2 primarily protected the internal structure and function of the cells by inhibiting the mass production of ROS and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> inflow. XJ-2 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the key proteins of the NF-\u03baB\/IKK\u03b1 pathway and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors. XJ-2 repairs skin barrier damage by regulating multiple factors. Compound XJ-2 from <jats:italic>D. draco<\/jats:italic> exerts excellent anti-inflammatory and barrier repair effects, possesses great potential for the treatment of skin diseases, and can be used as a dermatological drug to repair skin barrier damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01289-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T03:26:17Z","timestamp":1747452377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anti-inflammatory and barrier repair mechanisms of active components in Daemonorops draco Bl. for UVB-induced skin damage"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xingyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaijun","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1289_CR1","unstructured":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. 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