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However, little is known about their precision. This study compares 3 different software packages used for DBS electrode localization. T1-weighted MRI images before and after the implantation of the electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus for DBS in 105 Parkinson\u2019s disease patients were processed using the pipelines implemented in Lead-DBS, SureTune4, and Brainlab. Euclidean distance between active contacts determined by individual software packages and in repeated processing by the same and by a different operator was calculated. Furthermore, Dice coefficient for overlap of volume of tissue activated (VTA) was determined for Lead-DBS. Medians of Euclidean distances between estimated active contact locations in inter-software package comparison ranged between 1.5\u00a0mm and 2\u00a0mm. Euclidean distances in within-software package intra- and inter-rater assessments were 0.6\u20131\u00a0mm and 1\u20131.7\u00a0mm, respectively. Median intra- and inter-rater Dice coefficients for VTAs were 0.78 and 0.75, respectively. Since the median distances are close to the size of the target nucleus, any clinical use should be preceded by careful review of the outputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01449-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T10:47:08Z","timestamp":1748429228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Precision of post-operative localization of deep brain stimulation electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrej","family":"Lasica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00edna","family":"Burdov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Mana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Urgo\u0161\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Kiakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Jech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0274-1","volume":"11","author":"PS Larson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Larson, P. 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