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Two models of the HRPGs are considered: the first model is a two-area power grid that combines three conventional power plants and two RESs in each area, while the second model is the IEEE 39-bus system. The tie-line is connected in series with a unified power flow controller (UPFC). The first method introduces an approach in the secondary control loop (SCL), where a fuzzy logic controller is cascaded with an Integral-Tilt-Derivative (I-TD) controller (Fuzzy I-TD). Additionally, the performance of the Fuzzy I-TD controller is compared with other approaches, such as Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (Fuzzy-PID) and Fuzzy Integral-Proportional-Derivative (Fuzzy I-PD). The second strategy integrates the Fuzzy I-TD controller in the SCL along with controlled energy storage systems (ESSs), such as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The parameters of the strategies are optimized using a recent metaheuristic algorithm known as the Sea Horse Optimizer (SHO) under different operating conditions. A comprehensive investigation is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the Fuzzy I-TD controller and the Fuzzy I-TD controller with PEVs in HRPGs. The Fuzzy I-TD controller significantly reduces frequency and tie-line deviations in the SCL by 82.7% and 97.01%, respectively, when compared to the Fuzzy I-PD and Fuzzy-PID controllers. Moreover, the Fuzzy I-TD with PEVs reduces frequency fluctuations by 40% compared to the Fuzzy I-TD alone in the SCL. The results demonstrate that the presented strategy is efficient and effective for HRPGs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02011-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T08:57:20Z","timestamp":1750409840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Optimized frequency stabilization in hybrid renewable power grids with integrated energy storage systems using a modified fuzzy-TID controller"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khamies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H. 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