{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T06:51:19Z","timestamp":1791701479435,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20230222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20230222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20230222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20230222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02629-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T10:45:42Z","timestamp":1747737942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Retrospective analysis of 274 cases suspected vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuxuanning","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13977","volume":"76","author":"IA Cree","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cree, I. A., White, V. A., Indave, B. I. & Lokuhetty, D. Revising the WHO classification: female genital tract tumours. Histopathology 76, 151\u2013156 (2020).","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2629_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cong, Q. et al. A retrospective study of cytology, high-risk HPV, and colposcopy results of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia patients. BioMed Res. Int. 1\u20136 (2018).","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5894801"},{"key":"2629_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21139","volume":"62","author":"D Saslow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saslow, D. et al. American Cancer society, American society for colposcopy and cervical pathology, and American society for clinical pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. CA Cancer J. Clin. 62, 147\u2013172 (2012).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"2629_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000525","volume":"24","author":"RB Perkins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perkins, R. B. et al. 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical Cancer screening tests and Cancer precursors. J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis. 24, 102\u2013131 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis."},{"key":"2629_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2030640","volume":"385","author":"V Bouvard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bouvard, V. et al. The IARC perspective on cervical Cancer screening. N Engl. J. Med. 385, 1908\u20131918 (2021).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2629_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2018.29.e6","volume":"29","author":"MK Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, M. K., Lee, I. H. & Lee, K. H. Clinical outcomes and risk of recurrence among patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a comprehensive analysis of 576 cases. J. Gynecol. Oncol. 29, e6 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"2629_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2024-005531","volume":"34","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Sui, L. & Cong, Q. Risk factors for vaginal squamous intra-epithelial lesions in women with high-grade cervical lesions. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 34, 1344\u20131348 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"2629_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2022-004213","volume":"33","author":"V Kesic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kesic, V. et al. The European society of gynaecological oncology (ESGO), the international society for the study of vulvovaginal disease (ISSVD), the European college for the study of vulval disease (ECSVD), and the European federation for colposcopy (EFC) consensus statement on the management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 33, 446\u2013461 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"2629_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104486","volume":"51","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Effect of photodynamic therapy on vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade one: A retrospective cohort study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 51, 104486 (2025).","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther."},{"key":"2629_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000664","volume":"26","author":"JH Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, J. H. et al. Risk factor and treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia after hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis. 26, 147\u2013151 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis."},{"key":"2629_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2020.100687","volume":"45","author":"D Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao, D., Wu, D. & Xu, Y. Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in patients after total hysterectomy. Curr. Probl. Cancer. 45, 100687 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cancer"},{"key":"2629_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1652887","volume":"40","author":"M Gurumurthy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gurumurthy, M., Leeson, S., Tidy, J. & Cruickshank, M. E. UK National survey of the management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 40, 694\u2013698 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"2629_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32003","volume":"125","author":"K Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, K., Li, Q., Song, L., Wang, D. & Yin, R. The distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus in women in Mainland China. Cancer 125, 1030\u20131037 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2629_CR14","unstructured":"ICO\/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in China. Summary Report.  https:\/\/Hpvcentre.Net\/Statistics\/Reports\/CHN.Pdf?T=1674053488539"},{"key":"2629_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14733","volume":"47","author":"D Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, D., Qu, P. & Liu, M. Clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes associated with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective study of 118 patients. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 47, 1624\u20131630 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"2629_CR16","first-page":"2049","volume":"15","author":"C Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu, C., Zhao, B., Wang, D. & Tang, H. Relationship between HPV-16 infection and the progression of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Am. J. Transl Res. 15, 2049\u20132054 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl Res."},{"key":"2629_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.08.014","volume":"133","author":"J Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Chang, X., Qi, Y., Zhang, Y. & Zhang, S. A retrospective study of 152 women with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 133, 80\u201383 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"2629_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-622","volume":"8","author":"FY Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, F. Y. et al. Types and viral load of human papillomavirus, and vaginal microbiota in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a cross-sectional study. Ann. Transl Med. 8, 1408\u20131408 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl Med."},{"key":"2629_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29267","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29267","volume":"95","author":"Y Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye, Y. et al. Characteristics of high-risk HPV infection in women with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in Beijing, China. J. Med. Virol. 95, e29267 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"2629_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-03585-7","volume":"25","author":"M Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu, M. et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors to high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a single-institution study. BMC Womens Health. 25, 44 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2629_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5987","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S257875","volume":"12","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, Q. et al. Application of 2011 international federation for cervical pathology and colposcopy terminology on the detection of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Manag Res. 12, 5987\u20135995 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res."},{"key":"2629_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000446","volume":"23","author":"Q Cong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cong, Q., Fu, Z., Zhang, D. & Sui, L. Importance of colposcopy impression in the early diagnosis of posthysterectomy vaginal Cancer. J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis. 23, 13\u201317 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis."},{"key":"2629_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31819bd6e0","volume":"113","author":"JS Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith, J. S., Backes, D. M., Hoots, B. E., Kurman, R. J. & Pimenta, J. M. Human papillomavirus type-distribution in vulvar and vaginal cancers and their associated precursors. Obstet. Gynecol. 113, 917\u2013924 (2009).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2629_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29474","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29474","volume":"96","author":"M Preti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Preti, M. et al. Human papillomavirus genotyping in high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A multicentric Italian study. J. Med. Virol. 96, e29474 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"2629_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000850","volume":"29","author":"Y Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen, Y. et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution and integration in High-Grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis. 29, 60 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis."},{"key":"2629_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.05.683","volume":"158","author":"HK Bertoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertoli, H. K. et al. Time trends in the incidence and survival of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma and high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark \u2013 A nationwide population-based study. Gynecol. Oncol. 158, 734\u2013739 (2020).","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"2629_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1827","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001827","volume":"94","author":"F Sopracordevole","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sopracordevole, F. et al. Abnormal pap smear and diagnosis of High-Grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective cohort study. Med. (Baltim). 94, e1827 (2015).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"key":"2629_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001457","volume":"128","author":"S Smeltzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smeltzer, S., Yu, X., Schmeler, K. & Levison, J. Abnormal vaginal pap test results after hysterectomy in human immunodeficiency Virus-Infected women. Obstet. Gynecol. 128, 52\u201357 (2016).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2629_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184633","volume":"15","author":"FA Stuebs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stuebs, F. A. et al. Cytology and HPV Co-Testing for detection of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective study. Cancers 15, 4633 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2629_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000793","volume":"28","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Clinical characteristics and detection sensitivity of cervical Cancer screening in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis. 28, 137 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis."},{"key":"2629_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6700","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006700","volume":"96","author":"Y He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He, Y. et al. Clinical analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Med. (Baltim). 96, e6700 (2017).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"key":"2629_CR32","first-page":"902","volume":"24","author":"YY Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. Y., Xia, R., Chen, D. & Zhang, X. Analysis of related factors of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia complicated with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Clin. Transl Oncol. 24, 902\u2013908 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl Oncol. Off Publ Fed. Span. Oncol. Soc. Natl. Cancer Inst. Mex"},{"key":"2629_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910701)68:1<195::AID-CNCR2820680135>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"68","author":"M Aho","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aho, M., Vesterinen, E., Meyer, B., Purola, E. & Paavonen, J. Natural history of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer 68, 195\u2013197 (1991).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2629_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.06.020","volume":"287","author":"H Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong, H. et al. Clinical analysis of 175 cases of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 287, 232\u2013236 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"2629_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e31829f52f4","volume":"18","author":"HE Rhodes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rhodes, H. E., Chenevert, L. & Munsell, M. Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN 2\/3): comparing clinical outcomes of treatment with intravaginal Estrogen. J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis. 18, 115\u2013121 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Low Genit. Tract. Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02629-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02629-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02629-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T10:45:45Z","timestamp":1747737945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02629-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-02629-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by Ethical Committee of Suzhou Municipal hospital (KL 901461). The informed consent template was uploaded.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"17506"}}