{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:50:14Z","timestamp":1792785014357,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","award":["2024QN110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024QN110"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["ne(ZYYCXTD-C-202008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ne(ZYYCXTD-C-202008"]}]},{"name":"Construction of research-oriented wards of SHDC","award":["SHDC2022CRW010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2022CRW010"]}]},{"name":"Three-year action plan to promote clinical skills and innovation capabilities of SHDC","award":["SHDC2022CRT018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2022CRT018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02630-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:39:50Z","timestamp":1747820390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between metabolic syndrome and low back pain: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxiang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingguang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30480-x","volume":"391","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hartvigsen, J. et al. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet (London, England) 391, 2356\u20132367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30480-x (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2630_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet (London, England) 396, 1223\u20131249 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30752-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"2630_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0883","volume":"114","author":"JF Chenot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chenot, J. F. et al. Non-specific low back pain. Deutsches Arzteblatt Int. 114, 883\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0883 (2017).","journal-title":"Deutsches Arzteblatt Int."},{"key":"2630_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00521","volume":"10","author":"C Puta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Puta, C. et al. Are there abnormalities in peripheral and central components of somatosensory evoked potentials in non-specific chronic low back pain?. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10, 521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00521 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"2630_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.819635","volume":"9","author":"S Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, S. et al. Mendelian randomization study on the putative causal effects of omega-3 fatty acids on low back pain. Front. Nutr. 9, 819635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.819635 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"2630_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.21404","volume":"14","author":"A Zheluk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheluk, A., Anderson, J. & Dineen-Griffin, S. Analysis of acute non-specific back pain content on tiktok: An exploratory study. Cureus 14, e21404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.21404 (2022).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2630_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0758-0","volume":"16","author":"M Brandt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brandt, M. et al. Participatory intervention with objectively measured physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the construction industry: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 16, 302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-015-0758-0 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"2630_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1590\/s1807-59322009000200004","volume":"64","author":"R Furtado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Furtado, R. et al. Validation of the Brazilian\u2013Portuguese version of the Gesture Behavior Test for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 64, 83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1807-59322009000200004 (2009).","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)"},{"key":"2630_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.02.006","volume":"37","author":"LI Kauppila","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kauppila, L. I. Atherosclerosis and disc degeneration\/low-back pain\u2013a systematic review. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 37, 661\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.02.006 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"2630_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-510x(01)00585-8","volume":"192","author":"V Kostova","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kostova, V. & Koleva, M. Back disorders (low back pain, cervicobrachial and lumbosacral radicular syndromes) and some related risk factors. J. Neurol. Sci. 192, 17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-510x(01)00585-8 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2630_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12581","volume":"25","author":"BK Pedersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pedersen, B. K. & Saltin, B. Exercise as medicine\u2014Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 25(3), 1\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12581 (2015).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"2630_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3225439","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3225439","volume":"2021","author":"K Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, K. et al. Tissue renin-angiotensin system (tRAS) induce intervertebral disc degeneration by activating oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2021, 3225439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/3225439 (2021).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"2630_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9618940","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9618940","volume":"2017","author":"SN Zahari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zahari, S. N. et al. The effects of physiological biomechanical loading on intradiscal pressure and annulus stress in lumbar spine: A finite element analysis. J. Healthc. Eng. 2017, 9618940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/9618940 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"2630_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06994-y","volume":"31","author":"Q You","year":"2022","unstructured":"You, Q. et al. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, body fat rate, total body fat mass and risk of low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Spine J. 31, 123\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-021-06994-y (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"2630_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11090266","author":"M Skrzypek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Skrzypek, M. et al. Hypertension-mediated organ damage in relation to severity of chronic low back pain in hypertensive patients. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd11090266 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"2630_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0907-1","volume":"17","author":"T Yoshimoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoshimoto, T. et al. Association between serum lipids and low back pain among a middle-aged Japanese population: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 17, 266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-018-0907-1 (2018).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"2630_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067373","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1067373","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Advances in research on fat infiltration and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 1067373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.1067373 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2630_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx275","volume":"47","author":"S Greenland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Greenland, S. An introduction to instrumental variables for epidemiologists. Int. J. Epidemiol. 47, 358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyx275 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2630_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg070","volume":"32","author":"GD Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith, G. D. & Ebrahim, S. \u201cMendelian randomization\u201d: Can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?. Int. J. Epidemiol. 32, 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyg070 (2003).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2630_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601","volume":"362","author":"NM Davies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davies, N. M., Holmes, M. V. & Davey, S. G. Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: A guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 362, k601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k601 (2018).","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"key":"2630_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden, J. et al. Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet. Epidemiol. 40, 304\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21965 (2016).","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2630_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","author":"WS Veronika","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veronika, W. S. et al. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization: The STROBE-MR statement. JAMA https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.18236 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2630_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","volume":"613","author":"MI Kurki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurki, M. I. et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature 613, 508\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2630_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2019.0070","volume":"17","author":"L Lind","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lind, L. Genome-wide association study of the metabolic syndrome in UK Biobank. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 17, 505\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2019.0070 (2019).","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"2630_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00870-7","volume":"53","author":"J Mbatchou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mbatchou, J. et al. Computationally efficient whole-genome regression for quantitative and binary traits. Nat. Genet. 53, 1097\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-021-00870-7 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2630_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00852-9","volume":"53","author":"J Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits. Nat. Genet. 53, 840\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-021-00852-9 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2630_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2797","volume":"45","author":"CJ Willer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Willer, C. J. et al. Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. Nat. Genet. 45, 1274\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.2797 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2630_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124638","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1124638","volume":"14","author":"SJ Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, S. J. et al. Assessment of bidirectional relationships between circulating cytokines and periodontitis: Insights from a mendelian randomization analysis. Front. Genet. 14, 1124638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2023.1124638 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"2630_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.2147\/ijgm.S351034","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. Cardiac troponin i and risk of stroke: A Mendelian randomization study. Int. J. Gen. Med. 15, 1575\u20131582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijgm.S351034 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"2630_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030257","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1030257","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Plasma homocysteine levels and risk of congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy: A Mendelian randomization study. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 10, 1030257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1030257 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"2630_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210394459","volume":"21","author":"TM Palmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palmer, T. M. et al. Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 21, 223\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280210394459 (2012).","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"2630_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215597579","volume":"26","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess, S., Small, D. S. & Thompson, S. G. A review of instrumental variable estimators for Mendelian randomization. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 26, 2333\u20132355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280215597579 (2017).","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"2630_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758","volume":"37","author":"S Burgess","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burgess, S., Butterworth, A. & Thompson, S. G. Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data. Genet. Epidemiol. 37, 658\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21758 (2013).","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2630_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","volume":"44","author":"J Bowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowden, J., Davey Smith, G. & Burgess, S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int. J. Epidemiol. 44, 512\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyv080 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2630_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","volume":"46","author":"FP Hartwig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartwig, F. P., Davey Smith, G. & Bowden, J. Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption. Int. J. Epidemiol. 46, 1985\u20131998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyx102 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2630_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck, M. et al. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat. Genet. 50, 693\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2630_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14389-8","volume":"11","author":"N Papadimitriou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papadimitriou, N. et al. Physical activity and risks of breast and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Nat. Commun. 11, 597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-14389-8 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2630_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23710","volume":"71","author":"R Shiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shiri, R. et al. Risk factors for low back pain: A population-based longitudinal study. Arthritis Care Res. 71, 290\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.23710 (2019).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"2630_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34733-4","volume":"13","author":"ME Bayartai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bayartai, M. E. et al. Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity, back static muscular endurance and abdominal obesity with radicular pain and non-specific low back pain. Sci. Rep. 13, 7736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-34733-4 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2630_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23776","volume":"34","author":"\u0130 U\u00e7ar","year":"2021","unstructured":"U\u00e7ar, \u0130 et al. The relationship between muscle size, obesity, body fat ratio, pain and disability in individuals with and without nonspecific low back pain. Clin. Anat. (New York, NY) 34, 1201\u20131207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23776 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Anat. (New York, NY)"},{"key":"2630_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3357-6","volume":"16","author":"C Brooks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brooks, C., Siegler, J. C. & Marshall, P. W. Relative abdominal adiposity is associated with chronic low back pain: A preliminary explorative study. BMC Public Health 16, 700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-3357-6 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2630_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.740200","volume":"12","author":"J Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. Causal associations of obesity with the intervertebral degeneration, low back pain, and sciatica: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front. Endocrinol. 12, 740200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.740200 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2630_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4055-2","volume":"25","author":"AB Dario","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dario, A. B. et al. Are obesity and body fat distribution associated with low back pain in women? A population-based study of 1128 Spanish twins. Eur. Spine J. 25, 1188\u20131195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-015-4055-2 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"2630_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01004","volume":"31","author":"Y Tsuboi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsuboi, Y. et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and disability due to low back pain among care workers. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 31, 165\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01004 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"2630_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1693-x","volume":"32","author":"MT Duru\u00f6z","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duru\u00f6z, M. T. et al. Evaluation of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic low back pain. Rheumatol. Int. 32, 663\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-010-1693-x (2012).","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"2630_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002426","author":"L Jacob","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacob, L. et al. Association between type 2 diabetes and chronic low back pain in general practices in Germany. BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002426 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"2630_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138790","volume":"10","author":"YH Bae","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bae, Y. H. et al. Association between hypertension and the prevalence of low back pain and osteoarthritis in Koreans: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 10, e0138790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138790 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2630_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s1973-9087.23.07649-9","author":"SF Alsubaie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alsubaie, S. F. et al. The relationship between chronic diseases and the intensity and duration of low back pain. Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s1973-9087.23.07649-9 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"2630_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9972093","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9972093","volume":"2023","author":"T Bruthans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bruthans, T., Vr\u00e1nov\u00e1, J. & Yamamotov\u00e1, A. Objective evaluation of chronic low-back pain using serum lipids: The role of the doctor-patient relationship. Pain Res. Manag. 2023, 9972093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/9972093 (2023).","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"2630_CR50","first-page":"62","volume":"25","author":"K Krikava","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krikava, K. et al. Blood serum changes in patients with pain during bone fractures and acute pancreatitis. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. 25, 62\u201369 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"2630_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.013471","volume":"8","author":"D Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi, D. et al. Impact of discrepancies in general and abdominal obesity on major adverse cardiac events. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 8, e013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.013471 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2630_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-018-0097-1","volume":"10","author":"CA Paley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paley, C. A. & Johnson, M. I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome: Exercise as medicine?. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 10, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-018-0097-1 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"2630_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly178","volume":"74","author":"DHT de Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Carvalho, D. H. T. et al. Does abdominal obesity accelerate muscle strength decline in older adults? Evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 74, 1105\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/gly178 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2630_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.08.018","volume":"316","author":"S Galic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galic, S., Oakhill, J. S. & Steinberg, G. R. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 316, 129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2009.08.018 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2630_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2031","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01058.2004","volume":"288","author":"DC Lau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lau, D. C. et al. Adipokines: Molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288, H2031-2041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.01058.2004 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2630_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1172\/jci18921","volume":"111","author":"MB Pepys","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pepys, M. B. & Hirschfield, G. M. C-reactive protein: A critical update. J. Clin. Investig. 111, 1805\u20131812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci18921 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"2630_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.844395","volume":"10","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. The roles of blood lipid-metabolism genes in immune infiltration could promote the development of IDD. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 10, 844395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.844395 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2630_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.803132","volume":"9","author":"J Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan, J. et al. Cholesterol induces pyroptosis and matrix degradation via mSREBP1-driven endoplasmic reticulum stress in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 803132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.803132 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2630_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111749","volume":"140","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of bufotenine through inhibiting lipid metabolism pathway. Biomed. Pharmacother. 140, 111749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111749 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02630-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02630-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02630-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:39:51Z","timestamp":1747820391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02630-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-02630-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17686"}}