{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:44:45Z","timestamp":1783943085663,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02674-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T08:21:37Z","timestamp":1747815697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between prediagnostic risk factors and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis in Golesten cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Yadegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Dalvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sharafkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf G.","family":"Sepanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Poustchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Roshandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Sadjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Masoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Delavari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung, H. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71(3), 209\u2013249 (2021).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"2674_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310912","volume":"66","author":"M Arnold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arnold, M. et al. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut 66(4), 683\u2013691 (2017).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"2674_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.23039","volume":"9","author":"J-G Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, J.-G. et al. Cancer survival in patients from a hospital-based cancer registry, China. J. Cancer 9(5), 851 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"issue":"35","key":"2674_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16941","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016941","volume":"98","author":"C Joachim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joachim, C. et al. Overall survival of colorectal cancer by stage at diagnosis: Data from the Martinique Cancer Registry. Medicine 98(35), e16941 (2019).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.1.13","volume":"20","author":"K Maajani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maajani, K. et al. Survival rate of colorectal cancer in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prevent. APJCP 20(1), 13 (2019).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prevent. APJCP"},{"issue":"2","key":"2674_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.202000000-32","volume":"57","author":"S Aguiar Junior","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aguiar Junior, S. et al. Survival of patients with colorectal cancer in a cancer center. Arq. Gastroenterol. 57(2), 172\u2013177 (2020).","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2674_CR7","unstructured":"Macrae, F.A., Goldberg, R.M. & Seres, D. Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors 2016 [Available from: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/epidemiology-and-risk-factors-for-colorectal-cancer."},{"issue":"5","key":"2674_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e649","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30059-0","volume":"8","author":"M Sheikh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheikh, M. et al. Opium use and subsequent incidence of cancer: Results from the Golestan Cohort Study. Lancet Glob Health. 8(5), e649\u2013e660 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"2674_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30619","volume":"140","author":"V Walter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walter, V. et al. Physical activity and survival of colorectal cancer patients: Population-based study from Germany. Int. J. Cancer. 140(9), 1985\u20131997 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"issue":"22","key":"2674_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12164","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212164","volume":"18","author":"WY Kuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuo, W. Y., Hsu, H. S., Kung, P. T. & Tsai, W. C. Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence risk, cancer staging, and survival of patients with colorectal cancer under universal health insurance coverage in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 18(22), 12164 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0332-5","volume":"13","author":"D Romaguera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Romaguera, D. et al. Pre-diagnostic concordance with the WCRF\/AICR guidelines and survival in European colorectal cancer patients: a cohort study. BMC Med. 13(1), 1\u201312 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2674_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28573","volume":"120","author":"C Pelser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pelser, C. et al. Prediagnostic lifestyle factors and survival after colon and rectal cancer diagnosis in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer 120(10), 1540\u20131547 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2674_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.127092","volume":"103","author":"V Walter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walter, V. et al. Alcohol consumption and survival of colorectal cancer patients: a population-based study from Germany. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 103(6), 1497\u20131506 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"22","key":"2674_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.49.1126","volume":"31","author":"ML McCullough","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCullough, M. L., Gapstur, S. M., Shah, R., Jacobs, E. J. & Campbell, P. T. Association between red and processed meat intake and mortality among colorectal cancer survivors. J. Clin. Oncol. 31(22), 2773 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2674_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30459","volume":"140","author":"N Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, N. et al. Prediagnosis body mass index and waist\u2013hip circumference ratio in association with colorectal cancer survival. Int. J. Cancer 140(2), 292\u2013301 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2674_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516001859","volume":"116","author":"HA Ward","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ward, H. A. et al. Pre-diagnostic meat and fibre intakes in relation to colorectal cancer survival in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br. J. Nutr. 116(2), 316\u2013325 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2019-000338","volume":"6","author":"SO Oyeyemi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oyeyemi, S. O., Braaten, T., Skeie, G. & Borch, K. B. Competing mortality risks analysis of prediagnostic lifestyle and dietary factors in colorectal cancer survival: The Norwegian women and cancer study. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 6(1), e000338 (2019).","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2674_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28841","volume":"135","author":"V Fedirko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fedirko, V. et al. Pre-diagnostic anthropometry and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis in Western European populations. Int. J. Cancer 135(8), 1949\u20131960 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2674_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.136531","volume":"104","author":"V Walter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walter, V. et al. Prognostic relevance of prediagnostic weight loss and overweight at diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 104(4), 1110\u20131120 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"2674_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243511","volume":"15","author":"M Sheikh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheikh, M. et al. Survival features, prognostic factors, and determinants of diagnosis and treatment among Iranian patients with pancreatic cancer, a prospective study. PLoS ONE 15(12), e0243511 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp161","volume":"39","author":"A Pourshams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pourshams, A. et al. Cohort profile: The Golestan Cohort Study\u2014a prospective study of oesophageal cancer in northern Iran. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39(1), 52\u201359 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2674_CR22","unstructured":"Humans IWGotIoCHt. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. Opium Consumption. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer\u00a9 International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2021. For more information contact publications@iarc.fr.; 2021."},{"key":"2674_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2502","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2502","volume":"344","author":"H Khademi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khademi, H. et al. Opium use and mortality in Golestan Cohort Study: Prospective cohort study of 50 000 adults in Iran. BMJ Br. Med. J. 344, e2502 (2012).","journal-title":"BMJ Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2674_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.1068.13.6","volume":"13","author":"CC Abnet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abnet, C. C. et al. Reliability and validity of opiate use self-report in a population at high risk for esophageal cancer in Golestan, Iran. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 13(6), 1068\u20131070 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2674_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602407","volume":"60","author":"A Malekshah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malekshah, A. et al. Validity and reliability of a new food frequency questionnaire compared to 24 h recalls and biochemical measurements: pilot phase of Golestan cohort study of esophageal cancer. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60(8), 971\u2013977 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"2674_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.019","volume":"118","author":"J Reedy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reedy, J. et al. Evaluation of the healthy eating index-2015. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 118(9), 1622\u20131633 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"2674_CR27","unstructured":"Rosner, B. Dietary Guidelines for Americans: US Department of Health and Human Services and US Department of Agriculture; 2015. (2020)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2674_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp195","volume":"38","author":"F Islami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Islami, F. et al. Socio-economic status and oesophageal cancer: results from a population-based case\u2013control study in a high-risk area. Int. J. Epidemiol. 38(4), 978\u2013988 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2674_CR29","unstructured":"Weir, C., Jan, A. StatPearls: BMI Classification Percentile And Cut Off Points. Treasure Island (FL). 2022."},{"issue":"7","key":"2674_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601737","volume":"90","author":"F Islami","year":"2004","unstructured":"Islami, F. et al. Epidemiologic features of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in Northeastern Iran. Br. J. Cancer 90(7), 1402\u20131406 (2004).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2674_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011183","volume":"5","author":"H Khademi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khademi, H. et al. Verbal autopsy: Reliability and validity estimates for causes of death in the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran. PLoS ONE 5(6), e11183 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2674_CR32","unstructured":"Statistical Centre of Iran. Iran Population and Housing Census 2016. [Available from: https:\/\/amar.org.ir\/."},{"issue":"7825","key":"2674_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","volume":"585","author":"CR Harris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris, C. R. et al. Array programming with NumPy. Nature 585(7825), 357\u2013362 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"03","key":"2674_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"JD Hunter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunter, J. D. Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment. Comput. Sci. Eng. 9(03), 90\u201395 (2007).","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-019-0699-1","volume":"21","author":"A Szczepaniak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Szczepaniak, A., Fichna, J. & Zieli\u0144ska, M. Opioids in cancer development, progression and metastasis: Focus on colorectal cancer. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol. 21(1), 6 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR36","first-page":"5","volume":"1","author":"X Liang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liang, X., Liu, R., Chen, C., Ji, F. & Li, T. Opioid system modulates the immune function: A review. Transl. Perioper. Pain Med. 1(1), 5 (2016).","journal-title":"Transl. Perioper. Pain Med."},{"key":"2674_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167667","volume":"906","author":"R Bonfiglio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bonfiglio, R. et al. The impact of toxic metal bioaccumulation on colorectal cancer: Unravelling the unexplored connection. Sci. Total Environ. 906, 167667 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"49","key":"2674_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu020","volume":"2014","author":"JK Kish","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kish, J. K., Yu, M., Percy-Laurry, A. & Altekruse, S. F. Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer survival by neighborhood socioeconomic status in surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registries. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2014(49), 236\u2013243 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"issue":"8","key":"2674_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32710","volume":"126","author":"CH Kroenke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kroenke, C. H. et al. Prediagnosis social support, social integration, living status, and colorectal cancer mortality in postmenopausal women from the women\u2019s health initiative. Cancer 126(8), 1766\u20131775 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2674_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215013192311775","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319231177552","volume":"14","author":"TF Borders","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borders, T. F., Morgan, Z. J. & Peterson, L. E. Colorectal cancer screening in rural and urban primary care practices amid implementation of the medicare access and CHIP reauthorization act. J Prim Care Community Health. 14, 21501319231177550 (2023).","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2674_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-019-01635-x","volume":"36","author":"AL Sutton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sutton, A. L. et al. Reaching rural residents to identify colorectal cancer education and intervention targets. J. Cancer Educ. 36(2), 338\u2013344 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-12-370","volume":"12","author":"A McKay","year":"2014","unstructured":"McKay, A. et al. Does young age influence the prognosis of colorectal cancer: A population-based analysis. World J. Surg. Oncol. 12(1), 370 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2674_CR43","first-page":"605","volume":"6","author":"EE van Eeghen","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Eeghen, E. E., Bakker, S. D., van Bochove, A. & Loffeld, R. J. Impact of age and comorbidity on survival in colorectal cancer. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 6(6), 605\u2013612 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10058-9","volume":"22","author":"\u00d8 H\u00f8ydahl","year":"2022","unstructured":"H\u00f8ydahl, \u00d8., Edna, T.-H., Xanthoulis, A., Lydersen, S. & Endreseth, B. H. The impact of age on rectal cancer treatment, complications and survival. BMC Cancer 22(1), 975 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2674_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.12.026","volume":"50","author":"S Doat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doat, S. et al. Elderly patients with colorectal cancer: Treatment modalities and survival in France. National data from the ThInDiT cohort study. Eur. J. Cancer 50(7), 1276\u20131283 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2674_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930510311","volume":"51","author":"K Marble","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marble, K., Banerjee, S. & Greenwald, L. Colorectal carcinoma in young patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 51(3), 179\u2013182 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2674_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810519","volume":"81","author":"SD Heys","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heys, S. D. et al. Prognostic factors and survival of patients aged less than 45 years with colorectal cancer. Br. J. Surg. 81(5), 685\u2013688 (2005).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"2674_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.607909","author":"M Abancens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abancens, M., Bustos, V., Harvey, H., McBryan, J. & Harvey, B. J. Sexual dimorphism in colon cancer. Front. Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2020.607909 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2674_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.05.041","volume":"161","author":"RN Keswani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keswani, R. N., Crockett, S. D. & Calderwood, A. H. AGA clinical practice update on strategies to improve quality of screening and surveillance colonoscopy: Expert review. Gastroenterology 161(2), 701\u2013711 (2021).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2674_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.004","volume":"159","author":"EE Low","year":"2020","unstructured":"Low, E. E. et al. Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 159(2), 492\u2013501 (2020).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.023","volume":"157","author":"U Ladabaum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ladabaum, U., Mannalithara, A., Meester, R. G. S., Gupta, S. & Schoen, R. E. Cost-effectiveness and national effects of initiating colorectal cancer screening for average-risk persons at age 45 years instead of 50 years. Gastroenterology 157(1), 137\u2013148 (2019).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2674_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e042762","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042762","volume":"11","author":"S Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan, S. & Xie, S.-H. Urban\u2013rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008\u20132012: A cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers. BMJ Open 11(4), e042762 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2445-4","volume":"16","author":"I Laake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laake, I., Larsen, I. K., Selmer, R., Thune, I. & Veier\u00f8d, M. B. Pre-diagnostic body mass index and weight change in relation to colorectal cancer survival among incident cases from a population-based cohort study. BMC Cancer 16(1), 402 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"2674_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-0071-2","volume":"23","author":"JG Kuiper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuiper, J. G. et al. Recreational physical activity, body mass index, and survival in women with colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes Control 23(12), 1939\u20131948 (2012).","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"2674_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.136531","volume":"104","author":"V Walter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walter, V. et al. Prognostic relevance of prediagnostic weight loss and overweight at diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer12. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 104(4), 1110\u20131120 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0439","volume":"26","author":"S Strulov Shachar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strulov Shachar, S. & Williams, G. R. The obesity paradox in cancer-moving beyond BMI. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 26(1), 13\u201316 (2017).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0287","volume":"30","author":"PT Campbell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Campbell, P. T. et al. Impact of body mass index on survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis: The cancer prevention study-II nutrition cohort. J. Clin. Oncol. 30(1), 42\u201352 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2674_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30163","volume":"139","author":"JM Kocarnik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kocarnik, J. M. et al. Relationship of prediagnostic body mass index with survival after colorectal cancer: Stage-specific associations. Int. J. Cancer. 139(5), 1065\u20131072 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"issue":"2","key":"2674_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.354S","volume":"131","author":"SE Kahn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kahn, S. E. et al. Obesity, body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and islet \u03b2-cell function as explanations for metabolic diversity. J. Nutr. 131(2), 354S-S360 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"2674_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12140","volume":"15","author":"E Parkin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parkin, E., O\u2019Reilly, D. A., Sherlock, D. J., Manoharan, P. & Renehan, A. G. Excess adiposity and survival in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Obes. Rev. 15(5), 434\u2013451 (2014).","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2674_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176068","volume":"12","author":"B Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu, B. et al. The relationship between diabetes and colorectal cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis based on the cohort studies. PLoS ONE 12(4), e0176068 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"2674_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2917-x","volume":"56","author":"JJ Walker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walker, J. J. et al. Cause-specific mortality in Scottish patients with colorectal cancer with and without type 2 diabetes (2000\u20132007). Diabetologia 56(7), 1531\u20131541 (2013).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2674_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2555-8","volume":"55","author":"LV van de Poll-Franse","year":"2012","unstructured":"van de Poll-Franse, L. V., Haak, H. R., Coebergh, J. W., Janssen-Heijnen, M. L. & Lemmens, V. E. Disease-specific mortality among stage I-III colorectal cancer patients with diabetes: a large population-based analysis. Diabetologia 55(8), 2163\u20132172 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2674_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860802637765","volume":"48","author":"E Jullumstr\u00f8","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jullumstr\u00f8, E., Kollind, M., Lydersen, S. & Edna, T. H. Diabetes mellitus and outcomes of colorectal cancer. Acta Oncol. 48(3), 361\u2013367 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"2674_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.894783","volume":"21","author":"G Cui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cui, G. et al. High blood glucose levels correlate with tumor malignancy in colorectal cancer patients. Med Sci Monit. 21, 3825\u20133833 (2015).","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit."},{"issue":"1","key":"2674_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13166-0","volume":"22","author":"Y Pasdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pasdar, Y. et al. Healthy eating index 2015 and major dietary patterns in relation to incident hypertension; a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 22(1), 734 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02674-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02674-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02674-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:05:36Z","timestamp":1747818336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-02674-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-02674-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17621"}}