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A total of 132 participants divided into two groups as 66 Hospitalized patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200920 years suspected of having acute pyelonephritis and 66 age and sex matched participants don\u2019t have pyelonephritis. Acute Pyelonephritis was diagnosed in patients with fever, chills or the costovertebral angle tenderness, and bacteriuria higher than 105 CFU\/mL without any other focus of infection. No statistically significant differences were observed between the pyelonephritis and non-pyelonephritis groups regarding demographic data or comorbidities. However, the pyelonephritis group exhibited statistically significant differences in Serum NGAL levels, abnormal urine analysis findings, total leukocyte count, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, with p-values less than 0.001. 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