{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:38:32Z","timestamp":1793277512516,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Support Program Project","award":["Qiankehe Support [2021] General 347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe Support [2021] General 347"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Excavation of deep roadways induces plastic failure of the surrounding rock, resulting in roof caving and uncoordinated large deformation, which seriously threatens support safety and production efficiency. A four-stage stress\u2012strain model of the elastic zone\u2012plastic zone\u2012softening zone\u2012fracture zone of the surrounding rock in a deep roadway is established to analyze the range of the roadway fracture zone. The model considers the unified strength criterion, the nonassociated flow rule, and the influence of the intermediate principal stress and dilatancy coefficient. Based on this model, closed solutions for the stress, strain and deformation of the surrounding rock are obtained. Results show that an increase in the value of the strength parameter\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    can reduce the tangential stress\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    on the surface of the roadway but increase the values of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    at the plastic-flow interface. The peak value of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    increases with increasing\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    value. Both the tangential strain\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and radial strain\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    decrease with increasing strength parameter\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the radial displacement\n                    <jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    decreases with increasing\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    . With the increase of initial cohesion, the post-peak failure range of surrounding rock shows a nonlinear increase, With the increase of residual cohesion, the post-peak failure range of surrounding rock shows a nonlinear decrease. The dilatancy coefficient\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    is positively correlated with the\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    value and the dilatancy angle\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    , revealing that the surrounding rock with high dilatancy is more prone to volume expansion instability. The research results provide a theoretical basis and quantitative parameter support for stability evaluation and differential support design of deep roadways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04006-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:19:56Z","timestamp":1748996396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Elastic\u2012plastic analysis of rock surrounding a circular roadway considering plastic hardening and dilatancy characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youlin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changlun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4006_CR1","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. 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