{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:26:48Z","timestamp":1774510008282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Industry Innovation Chain Project of Shaanxi province, China","award":["2022ZDLSF02-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDLSF02-02"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Award of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","award":["XJTU1AF-CRF-2018-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJTU1AF-CRF-2018-021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04377-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:49:45Z","timestamp":1749098985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of inferior vena cava thrombosis on the prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yiman","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4377_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32658-1","volume":"398","author":"F Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan, F., Tritschler, T., Kahn, S. R. & Rodger, M. A. Venous thromboembolism. Lancet 398, 64\u201377 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4377_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.060","volume":"67","author":"D Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, D. et al. Trends in the management and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism: analysis from the RIETE registry. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 67, 162\u2013170 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"4377_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30354-6","volume":"8","author":"S Barco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barco, S. et al. Trends in mortality related to pulmonary embolism in the European region, 2000-15: analysis of vital registration data from the WHO mortality database. Lancet Respir Med. 8, 277\u2013287 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"4377_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00787-6","volume":"20","author":"PL Lutsey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lutsey, P. L. & Zakai, N. A. Epidemiology and prevention of venous thromboembolism. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 20, 248\u2013262 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"4377_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2116489","volume":"387","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kahn, S. R. & de Wit, K. Pulmonary embolism. N Engl. J. Med. 387, 45\u201357 (2022).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4377_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.12.268","volume":"9","author":"M Alkhouli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alkhouli, M., Morad, M., Narins, C. R., Raza, F. & Bashir, R. Inferior Vena Cava thrombosis. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 9, 629\u2013643 (2016).","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv"},{"key":"4377_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-021-00296-5","volume":"19","author":"HY Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, H. Y., Lin, C. Y. & Shen, M. C. Review Article inferior Vena Cava thrombosis: a case series of patients observed in Taiwan and literature review. Thromb. J. 19, 43 (2021).","journal-title":"Thromb. J."},{"key":"4377_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X12471967","volume":"18","author":"BJ McAree","year":"2013","unstructured":"McAree, B. J. et al. Inferior Vena Cava thrombosis: a review of current practice. Vasc Med. 18, 32\u201343 (2013).","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"4377_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2016.07.010","volume":"149","author":"W Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shi, W. & Dowell, J. D. Etiology and treatment of acute inferior Vena Cava thrombosis. Thromb. Res. 149, 9\u201316 (2017).","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"4377_CR10","unstructured":"Kakkos, S. K. et al. (eds) \u2018s Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Venous Thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 61, 9\u201382 (2021)."},{"key":"4377_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz405","volume":"41","author":"SV Konstantinides","year":"2020","unstructured":"Konstantinides, S. V. et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European respiratory society (ERS). Eur. Heart J. 41, 543\u2013603 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"4377_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2016.05.005","volume":"4","author":"ED Avgerinos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avgerinos, E. D. et al. Impact of inferior Vena Cava thrombus extension on thrombolysis for acute iliofemoral thrombosis. J. Vasc Surg. Venous Lymphat Disord. 4, 385\u2013391 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Vasc Surg. Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"4377_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000288","volume":"42","author":"C Kraft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kraft, C. et al. Patients with inferior Vena Cava thrombosis frequently present with lower back pain and bilateral lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis. Vasa 42, 275\u2013283 (2013).","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"key":"4377_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083152","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1083152","volume":"9","author":"M Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong, M. et al. Risk factors and a predictive model for nonfilter-associated inferior Vena Cava thrombosis in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9, 1083152 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"4377_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.09.018","volume":"41","author":"T Yamaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamaki, T. et al. Factors predicting development of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with a first episode of deep vein thrombosis: preliminary report. Eur. J. Vasc Endovasc Surg. 41, 126\u2013133 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc Endovasc Surg."},{"key":"4377_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu283","volume":"35","author":"SV Konstantinides","year":"2014","unstructured":"Konstantinides, S. V. et al. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur. Heart J. 35, 3033\u20133069 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"4377_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.02.033","volume":"133","author":"A Boc","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boc, A., Vene, N., Stalc, M., Ko\u0161melj, K. & Mavri, A. Unprovoked proximal venous thrombosis is associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism. Thromb. Res. 133, 1011\u20131015 (2014).","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"4377_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-09-0587","volume":"93","author":"N Kucher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kucher, N., Tapson, V. F. & Goldhaber, S. Z. Risk factors associated with symptomatic pulmonary embolism in a large cohort of deep vein thrombosis patients. Thromb. Haemost. 93, 494\u2013498 (2005).","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost"},{"key":"4377_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513487331","volume":"29","author":"F Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, F. et al. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb. Phlebology 29, 442\u2013446 (2014).","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"4377_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2023.03.007","volume":"65","author":"Y Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. Impact of common Iliac vein compression on the incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis. Eur. J. Vasc Endovasc Surg. 65, 887\u2013894 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc Endovasc Surg."},{"key":"4377_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2022.05.015","volume":"10","author":"F Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, F., Huang, J. G., Liu, X. & Zhou, W. Left Iliac vein involvement is a protective factor against symptomatic pulmonary embolism in lower left extremity deep vein thrombosis. J. Vasc Surg. Venous Lymphat Disord. 10, 1272\u20131278 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Vasc Surg. Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"4377_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2019.11.010","volume":"8","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Relationship between the site of thrombosis and the prevalence of pulmonary embolism in acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J. Vasc Surg. Venous Lymphat Disord. 8, 725\u2013733 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Vasc Surg. Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"4377_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154875","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1154875","volume":"10","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Anatomic distribution of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism: A 10-year retrospective analysis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 10, 1154875 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"4377_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.16815","volume":"328","author":"Y Freund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freund, Y., Cohen-Aubart, F. & Bloom, B. Acute pulmonary embolism: A review. JAMA 328, 1336\u20131345 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4377_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.cr.10.00021","volume":"4","author":"B Hanterdsith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanterdsith, B. Fatal pulmonary thromboembolism due to inferior Vena Cava thrombosis. Ann. Vasc Dis. 4, 121\u2013123 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc Dis."},{"key":"4377_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107602962211310","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296221131034","volume":"28","author":"Y Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. Silent pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis: relationship and risk factors. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 28, 10760296221131034 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"4377_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15574","volume":"20","author":"O Cohen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cohen, O. et al. Management strategies and clinical outcomes in patients with inferior Vena Cava thrombosis: data from GARFIELD-VTE. J. Thromb. Haemost. 20, 366\u2013374 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04377-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04377-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04377-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:49:48Z","timestamp":1749098988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04377-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-04377-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4590808\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19748"}}