{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:32:27Z","timestamp":1790872347166,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A660825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A660825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010724","name":"Health Systems Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HSRI 67-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSRI 67-027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04431-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T04:21:00Z","timestamp":1748924460000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A tryptophol-containing emulgel ameliorates imiquimod-induced mice psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Arnon","family":"Pudgerd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamonwan","family":"Jongsomchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Watcharamat","family":"Muangkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laorrat","family":"Phuapittayalert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sataporn","family":"Jamsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teera","family":"Chanmanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapeepun","family":"Vanichviriyakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Passanesh","family":"Sukphopetch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01655-6","volume":"8","author":"J Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, J. et al. Signaling pathways and targeted therapies for psoriasis. Signal. Transduct. Target Ther. 8(1), 437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01655-6 (2023).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"4431_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","volume":"361","author":"FO Nestle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nestle, F. O., Kaplan, D. H. & Barker, J. Psoriasis. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 496\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0804595 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06700-w","volume":"7","author":"T Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, T. et al. p38\u03b1 deficiency ameliorates psoriasis development by downregulating STAT3-mediated keratinocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Commun. Biol. 7(1), 999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-024-06700-w (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"4431_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.12.035","volume":"32","author":"TT Di","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di, T. T. et al. Astilbin inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in BALB\/c mice via Jak3\/Stat3 signaling pathway. Int. Immunopharmacol. 32, 32\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.12.035 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010171","volume":"19","author":"E Calautti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calautti, E., Avalle, L. & Poli, V. Psoriasis: a STAT3-centric view. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19(1), 171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19010171 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"4431_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9358","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C600321200","volume":"282","author":"XO Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang, X. O. et al. STAT3 regulates cytokine-mediated generation of inflammatory helper T cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282(13), 9358\u20139363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.C600321200 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"4431_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.621956","volume":"12","author":"H Bugaut","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bugaut, H. & Aractingi, S. Major role of the IL17\/23 axis in psoriasis supports the development of new targeted therapies. Front. Immunol. 12, 621956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.621956 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"10463","key":"4431_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01750-1","volume":"404","author":"V Jairath","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jairath, V., Felquer, M. L. A. & Cho, R. J. IL-23 inhibition for chronic inflammatory disease. Lancet 404(10463), 1679\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01750-1 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"4431_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-014-0097-1","volume":"15","author":"JC Cather","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cather, J. C. & Crowley, J. J. Use of biologic agents in combination with other therapies for the treatment of psoriasis. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 15(6), 467\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-014-0097-1 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"4431_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1039\/c8np00032h","volume":"36","author":"A Palmieri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palmieri, A. & Petrini, M. Tryptophol and derivatives: natural occurrence and applications to the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Nat. Prod. Rep. 36(3), 490\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c8np00032h (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46121-z","volume":"13","author":"T Kitisin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kitisin, T., Muangkaew, W., Thitipramote, N., Pudgerd, A. & Sukphopetch, P. The study of tryptophol containing emulgel on fungal reduction and skin irritation. Sci. Rep. 13(1), 18881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-46121-z (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"4431_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60336","volume":"71","author":"S Inagaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Inagaki, S. et al. Isolation of tryptophol as an apoptosis-inducing component of vinegar produced from boiled extract of black soybean in human monoblastic leukemia U937 cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 71(2), 371\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1271\/bbb.60336 (2007).","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"4431_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2007.00204.x","volume":"102","author":"I Kosalec","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kosalec, I. et al. Genotoxicity of tryptophol in a battery of short-term assays on human white blood cells in vitro. Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 102(5), 443\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2007.00204.x (2008).","journal-title":"Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"4431_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.020","volume":"167","author":"M Schirmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schirmer, M. et al. Linking the human gut microbiome to inflammatory cytokine production capacity. Cell 167(4), 1125\u20131136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.020 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1159\/000529782","volume":"15","author":"O Malka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malka, O. et al. Tryptophol acetate and tyrosol acetate, small-molecule metabolites identified in a probiotic mixture, inhibit hyperinflammation. J. Innate Immun. 15(1), 531\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000529782 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"issue":"9","key":"4431_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13091336","volume":"13","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Gut Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites alleviate allergic asthma inflammation in ovalbumin-induced mice. Foods. 13(9), 1336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13091336 (2024).","journal-title":"Foods."},{"issue":"3","key":"4431_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12565","volume":"54","author":"P Gnanaraj","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gnanaraj, P. et al. Downregulation of involucrin in psoriatic lesions following therapy with propylthiouracil, an anti-thyroid thioureylene: immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis. Int. J. Dermatol. 54(3), 302\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.12565 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01075-7","volume":"21","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. IL-33-mediated activation of mast cells is involved in the progression of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Cell Commun. Signal. 21(1), 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-023-01075-7 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100123","volume":"187","author":"AM Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin, A. M. et al. Mast cells and neutrophils release IL-17 through extracellular trap formation in psoriasis. J. Immun. 187(1), 490\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1100123 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Immun."},{"key":"4431_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00483-2","volume":"11","author":"A Menter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menter, A. et al. Interleukin-17 and interleukin-23: a narrative review of mechanisms of action in psoriasis and associated comorbidities. Dermatol. Ther. 11, 385\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-021-00483-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08823-4","volume":"60","author":"H Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, H. & Tsokos, G. C. IL-23\/IL-17 axis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 60(1), 31\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-020-08823-4 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"4431_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b24-00625","volume":"48","author":"T Niwa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Niwa, T., Kato, Y. & Osawa, T. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tyrosol and tryptophol: metabolites of yeast via the ehrlich pathway. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 48(2), 115\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b24-00625 (2025).","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"4431_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-021-00401-3","volume":"22","author":"Q Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Q., Liu, W., Gao, S., Mao, Y. & Xin, Y. Application of imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis model in evaluating interleukin-17A antagonist. BMC Immunol. 22, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12865-021-00401-3 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32668-9","volume":"8","author":"AD Griffith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griffith, A. D. et al. A requirement for slc15a4 in imiquimod-induced systemic inflammation and psoriasiform inflammation in mice. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 14451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32668-9 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"4431_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594735","volume":"11","author":"T Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, T. et al. The IL-23\/IL-17 pathway in inflammatory skin diseases: from bench to bedside. Front. Immunol. 11, 594735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594735 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"4431_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.59","volume":"129","author":"A Di Cesare","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Cesare, A., Di Meglio, P. & Nestle, F. O. The IL-23\/Th17 axis in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. J. Investig. Dermatol. 129(6), 1339\u20131350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2009.59 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65269-6","volume":"10","author":"L Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Skin expression of IL-23 drives the development of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in mice. Sci. Rep. 10(1), 8259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-65269-6 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.07.025","volume":"139","author":"Y Cai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cai, Y. et al. A critical role of the IL-1\u03b2\u2013IL-1R signaling pathway in skin inflammation and psoriasis pathogenesis. J. Investig. Dermatol. 139(1), 146\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2018.07.025 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4431_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00628.x","volume":"223","author":"LA Tesmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tesmer, L. A., Lundy, S. K., Sarkar, S. & Fox, D. A. Th17 cells in human disease. Immunol. Rev. 223(1), 87\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00628.x (2008).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"4431_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02092","volume":"9","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Esculetin ameliorates psoriasis-like skin disease in mice by inducing CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Front. Immunol. 9, 2092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02092 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"4431_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4681","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094681","volume":"25","author":"AR Furtunescu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Furtunescu, A. R., Georgescu, S. R., Tampa, M. & Matei, C. Inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway in the treatment of psoriasis: A review of the literature. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25(9), 4681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25094681 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"4431_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.70011","volume":"30","author":"P Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, P., Liu, Y., Zhai, H., Wu, X. & Liu, A. Rutin alleviates psoriasis-related inflammation in keratinocytes by regulating the JAK2\/STAT3 signaling. Skin Res Technol. 30(8), e70011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.70011 (2024).","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"4431_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4526","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7155","volume":"35","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Rosmarinic acid protects mice from imiquimod induced psoriasis-like skin lesions by inhibiting the IL-23\/Th17 axis via regulating Jak2\/Stat3 signaling pathway. Phytother. Res. 35(8), 4526\u20134537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.7155 (2021).","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"4431_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.015","volume":"137","author":"L Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, L., Fan, X., Cui, T., Dang, E. & Wang, G. Nrf2 promotes keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis through up-regulation of keratin 6, keratin 16, and keratin 17. J. Investig. Dermatol. 137(10), 2168\u20132176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.015 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"issue":"41","key":"4431_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32077","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001253200","volume":"275","author":"M Komine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Komine, M. et al. Inflammatory versus proliferative processes in epidermis: tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 induces K6b keratin synthesis through a transcriptional complex containing NF\u03baB and C\/EBP\u03b2. J. Biol. Chem. 275(41), 32077\u201332088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M001253200 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"4431_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8627","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46080508","volume":"46","author":"DD Romashin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Romashin, D. D. et al. Keratins 6, 16, and 17 in health and disease: A summary of recent findings. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 46(8), 8627\u20138641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb46080508 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"4431_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-012-9499-y","volume":"66","author":"JQ Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, J. Q. et al. Regulation of involucrin in psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes: the roles of ERK1\/2 and GSK-3\u03b2. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 66, 523\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12013-012-9499-y (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"4431_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb01467.x","volume":"32","author":"H Iizuka","year":"1993","unstructured":"Iizuka, H. & Takahashi, H. Psoriasis, involucrin, and protein kinase C. Int. J. Dermatol. 32, 333\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb01467.x (1993).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"4431_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20176263","volume":"92","author":"J Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng, J., Sun, S. B., Yang, P. P. & Fan, Y. M. Is Ki-67, keratin 16, involucrin, and filaggrin immunostaining sufficient to diagnose inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus? A report of eight cases and a comparison with psoriasis vulgaris. An. Bras. Dermatol. 92, 682\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20176263 (2017).","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"4431_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2724","volume":"97","author":"C Burger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burger, C. et al. Blocking mTOR signaling with rapamycin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. Acta. Derm. Venereol. 97, 1087\u20131094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-2724 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta. Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"4431_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635076","volume":"12","author":"S Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. Hyperforin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like murine skin inflammation by modulating IL-17A-producing \u0393\u03b4 T Cells. Front. Immunol. 12, 635076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635076 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"4431_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak, K. J. & Schmittgen, T. D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method. Methods 25(4), 402\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/meth.2001.1262 (2001).","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04431-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04431-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04431-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T04:21:01Z","timestamp":1748924461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04431-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-04431-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5050609\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Accordance: We confirmed that all the experiments in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All the procedures of the study followed the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Accordance and ARRIVE guidelines"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19398"}}