{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:11:32Z","timestamp":1780341092107,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04475-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T08:13:48Z","timestamp":1748852028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of hydrogel rectal spacer on seminal vesicle inter-fraction motion during prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kunogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Shimoyachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itsuko","family":"Serizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kamima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Numao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Yonese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4475_CR1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/prostate.pdf"},{"key":"4475_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2007.03.005","volume":"19","author":"NA Bayman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bayman, N. A. & Wylie, J. P. When should the seminal vesicles be included in the target volume in prostate radiotherapy? Clin. Oncol. (R Coll. Radiol). 19, 302\u2013307 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol. (R Coll. Radiol)"},{"key":"4475_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-014-0288-1","volume":"9","author":"X Qi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qi, X. et al. Optimal contouring of seminal vesicle for definitive radiotherapy of localized prostate cancer: comparison between EORTC prostate cancer radiotherapy guideline, RTOG0815 protocol and actual anatomy. Radiat. Oncol. 9, 288 (2014).","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"4475_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.01.069","volume":"68","author":"R de Crevoisier","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Crevoisier, R. et al. Changes in the pelvic anatomy after an IMRT treatment fraction of prostate cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 68, 1529\u20131536 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"4475_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.10.028","volume":"71","author":"SJ Frank","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frank, S. J. et al. Quantification of prostate and seminal vesicle interfraction variation during IMRT. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 71, 813\u2013820 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"4475_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.10.019","volume":"73","author":"J Liang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liang, J., Wu, Q. & Yan, D. The role of seminal vesicle motion in target margin assessment for online image-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 73, 935\u2013943 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"4475_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-174","volume":"9","author":"S Gill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gill, S. et al. Seminal vesicle intrafraction motion analysed with cinematic magnetic resonance imaging. Radiat. Oncol. 9, 174 (2014).","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"4475_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.02.002","volume":"169","author":"VJ Brand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brand, V. J., Milder, M. T. W., Christianen, M. E. M. C., Hoogeman, M. S. & Incrocci, L. Seminal vesicle inter- and intra-fraction motion during radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a review. Radiother Oncol. 169, 15\u201324 (2022).","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol."},{"key":"4475_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.03.005","volume":"72","author":"GJ Meijer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meijer, G. J. et al. What CTV-to-PTV margins should be applied for prostate irradiation? Four-dimensional quantitative assessment using model-based deformable image registration techniques. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 72, 1416\u20131425 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"4475_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.09.013","volume":"81","author":"TF Mutanga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mutanga, T. F. et al. Margin evaluation in the presence of deformation, rotation, and translation in prostate and entire seminal vesicle irradiation with daily marker-based setup corrections. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 81, 1160\u20131167 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"4475_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-7-139","volume":"7","author":"D Mak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mak, D. et al. Seminal vesicle interfraction displacement and margins in image guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Radiat. Oncol. 7, 139 (2012).","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"4475_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2011.09.002","volume":"37","author":"MH Stenmark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stenmark, M. H., Vineberg, K., Ten Haken, R. K., Hamstra, D. A. & Feng, M. Dosimetric implications of residual seminal vesicle motion in fiducial-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Med. Dosim. 37, 240\u2013244 (2012).","journal-title":"Med. Dosim"},{"key":"4475_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.457","volume":"68","author":"D Lim Joon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lim Joon, D. et al. Proximal seminal vesicle displacement and margins for prostate cancer radiotherapy. J. Med. Radiat. Sci. 68, 289\u2013297 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Med. Radiat. Sci."},{"key":"4475_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.030","volume":"92","author":"N Mariados","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mariados, N. et al. Hydrogel spacer prospective multicenter randomized controlled pivotal trial: dosimetric and clinical effects of perirectal spacer application in men undergoing prostate image guided intensity modulated radiation therapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 92, 971\u2013977 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"4475_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.11.016","volume":"115","author":"LI Karsh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karsh, L. I. et al. Absorbable hydrogel spacer use in prostate radiotherapy: A comprehensive review of phase 3 clinical trial published data. Urology 115, 39\u201344 (2018).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"4475_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01622-3","volume":"15","author":"F Cuccia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cuccia, F. et al. Impact of hydrogel peri-rectal spacer insertion on prostate gland intra-fraction motion during 1.5 T MR-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy. Radiat. Oncol. 15, 178 (2020).","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"4475_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210521","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210521","volume":"94","author":"R Mazzola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazzola, R. et al. Impact of hydrogel peri-rectal spacer insertion on seminal vesicles intrafraction motion during 1.5 T-MRI-guided adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Br. J. Radiol. 94, 20210521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20210521 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"4475_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.09.031","volume":"117","author":"M van der Burgt","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Burgt, M. et al. Impact of tumour invasion on seminal vesicles mobility in radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol. 117, 283\u2013287 (2015).","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04475-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04475-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04475-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T08:13:48Z","timestamp":1748852028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04475-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-04475-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Prior to treatment, written informed consent was obtained from all patients, who agreed to our use of their clinical data. This retrospective study was approved by the ethics committee of our institution which waived the need for re-informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"19261"}}