{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:14:44Z","timestamp":1792649684788,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04480-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:02:59Z","timestamp":1751367779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prognostic value of the six-minute walk test in patients with cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sangho","family":"Sohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsung","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Hyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Oh","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-In","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jah Yeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Young","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Oh","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol Ung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Woon","family":"Rha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eung Ju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)90846-G","volume":"26","author":"SC Smith","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smith, S. C. et al. AHA consensus panel statement. Preventing heart attack and death in patients with coronary disease. The secondary prevention panel. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 26, 292 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"4480_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.2.203","volume":"164","author":"KA LaBresh","year":"2004","unstructured":"LaBresh, K. A., Ellrodt, G., Gliklich, A., Liljestrand, R., Peto, R. & J. & Get with the guidelines for cardiovascular secondary prevention: Pilot results. Arch. Intern. Med. 164, 203\u2013209 (2004).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"4480_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.03.041","volume":"124","author":"M Cameli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cameli, M. et al. Prognosis and risk stratification of patients with advanced heart failure (from PROBE). Am. J. Cardiol. 124, 55\u201362 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"4480_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(00)90236-9","volume":"139","author":"RB D\u2019agostino","year":"2000","unstructured":"D\u2019agostino, R. B. et al. Primary and subsequent coronary risk appraisal: New results from the Framingham study. Am. Heart J. 139, 272\u2013281 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"4480_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.686576","volume":"115","author":"R Arena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arena, R. et al. Development of a ventilatory classification system in patients with heart failure. Circulation 115, 2410\u20132417 (2007).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4480_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.881326","volume":"2","author":"M Guazzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guazzi, M., Dickstein, K., Vicenzi, M. & Arena, R. Six-minute walk test and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with chronic heart failure: A comparative analysis on clinical and prognostic insights. Circ. Heart Fail. 2, 549\u2013555 (2009).","journal-title":"Circ. Hear. Fail."},{"key":"4480_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102","volume":"166","author":"RO Crapo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crapo, R. O. et al. ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 166, 111\u2013117 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"4480_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.2198","volume":"172","author":"AL Beatty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beatty, A. L., Schiller, N. B. & Whooley, M. A. Six-minute walk test as a prognostic tool in stable coronary heart disease: Data from the heart and soul study. Arch. Intern. Med. 172, 1096\u20131102 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"4480_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510140062030","volume":"270","author":"V Bittner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bittner, V. et al. Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc. 270, 1702\u20131707 (1993).","journal-title":"JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"4480_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70219-4","volume":"136","author":"G Roul","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roul, G., Germain, P. & Bareiss, P. Does the 6-minute walk test predict the prognosis in patients with NYHA class II or III chronic heart failure? Am. Heart J. 136, 449\u2013457 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"4480_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12900","volume":"7","author":"M Grundtvig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grundtvig, M., Eriksen-Volnes, T., \u00d8rn, S., Slind, E. K. & Gullestad, L. 6 Min walk test is a strong independent predictor of death in outpatients with heart failure. ESC Heart Fail. 7, 2904\u20132911 (2020).","journal-title":"ESC Hear. Fail."},{"key":"4480_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.08.003","volume":"5","author":"A Coulshed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coulshed, A., Coulshed, D. & Pathan, F. Systematic review of the use of the 6-minute walk test in measuring and improving prognosis in patients with ischemic heart disease. CJC Open 5, 816\u2013825 (2023).","journal-title":"CJC Open."},{"key":"4480_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavero-Redondo, I. et al. Accuracy of the 6-minute walk test for assessing functional capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and other chronic cardiac pathologies: Results of the ExIC-FEp trial and a meta-analysis. Sport Med. Open 10 (2024).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-024-00740-6"},{"key":"4480_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264314525665","volume":"26","author":"A Yazdanyar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yazdanyar, A. et al. Association between 6-minute walk test and all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease-specific mortality, and incident coronary heart disease. J. Aging Health 26, 583\u2013599 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"4480_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ska, D., Bellwon, J., Rynkiewicz, A. & Elkady, M. A. Prognostic value of the six-minute walk test in heart failure patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A literature review. Rehabil. Res. Pract. 2013, 1\u20135  (2013).","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/965494"},{"key":"4480_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.161174","volume":"96","author":"DP De Arenaza","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Arenaza, D. P. et al. Preoperative 6-minute walk test adds prognostic information to Euroscore in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Heart 96, 113\u2013117 (2010).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"4480_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.178657","volume":"96","author":"C Rostagno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rostagno, C. Six-minute walk test: Independent prognostic marker? Heart 96, 97\u201398 (2010).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"4480_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.018","volume":"93","author":"HT Chiu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiu, H. T. et al. Effect of functional status on survival in patients with stroke: Is independent ambulation a key determinant? Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 93, 527\u2013531 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"4480_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2451","volume":"22","author":"R Sharma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sharma, R. & Anker, S. D. The 6-minute walk test and prognosis in chronic heart failure\u2014the available evidence. Eur. Heart J. 22, 445\u2013448 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"4480_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00323-3","volume":"28","author":"AL Clark","year":"1996","unstructured":"Clark, A. L., Poole-Wilson, P. A. & Coats, A. J. Exercise limitation in chronic heart failure: central role of the periphery. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 28, 1092\u20131102 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"4480_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2310","volume":"22","author":"C Opasich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Opasich, C. et al. Six-minute walking performance in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure; is it a useful indicator in clinical practice? Eur. Heart J. 22, 488\u2013496 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"4480_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2017.04.001","volume":"46","author":"N McCabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCabe, N., Butler, J., Dunbar, S. B., Higgins, M. & Reilly, C. Six-minute walk distance predicts 30-day readmission after acute heart failure hospitalization. Hear. Lung J. Acute Crit. Care 46, 287\u2013292 (2017).","journal-title":"Hear. Lung J. Acute Crit. Care"},{"key":"4480_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1380","volume":"21","author":"JP Ferreira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferreira, J. P. et al. Clinical correlates and outcome associated with changes in 6-minute walking distance in patients with heart failure: Findings from the BIOSTAT-CHF study. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 21, 218\u2013226 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"4480_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.11.818","volume":"39","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"1984","unstructured":"Guyatt, G. H. et al. Effect of encouragement on walking test performance. Thorax 39, 818\u2013822 (1984).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"4480_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200203-166OC","volume":"167","author":"F Sciurba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sciurba, F. et al. Six-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Reproducibility and effect of walking course layout and length. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 167, 1522\u20131527 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"4480_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(13)70181-4","volume":"59","author":"E Beekman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beekman, E. et al. Course length of 30 metres versus 10 metres has a significant influence on six-minute walk distance in patients with COPD: An experimental crossover study. J. Physiother.  59, 169\u2013176 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Physiother"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04480-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04480-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04480-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:03:00Z","timestamp":1751367780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04480-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-04480-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of Declaration of Helsinki. The overall study design was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Korea University Guro Hospital (2018GR0295).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All participants were informed of the purpose and process of the walk test at the time of their testing. Informed consent was waived by the institutional review board at the time of data analysis because the study retrospectively used previously obtained and anonymized data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"20817"}}