{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T05:40:03Z","timestamp":1751434803711,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MD001091-01","1R15AI137972-01A1","GM068855-02","R01AI139103-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MD001091-01","1R15AI137972-01A1","GM068855-02","R01AI139103-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP-137106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-137106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04734-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T05:12:09Z","timestamp":1751433129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vibrio cholerae endemic to the lower Rio Grande Delta segregate into urban and rural phylotypes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Provenzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Duran-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Kitaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Unterweger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Trevino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel F.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Ermolinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Pukatzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4734_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003832","volume":"9","author":"M Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali, M., Nelson, A. R., Lopez, A. L. & Sack, D. Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 9, e0003832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003832 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"4734_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00330-0","volume":"399","author":"S Kanungo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanungo, S., Azman, A. S., Ramamurthy, T., Deen, J. & Dutta, S. Cholera. Lancet 399, 1429\u20131440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00330-0 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4734_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.3.335","volume":"2","author":"BM Childers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Childers, B. M. & Klose, K. E. Regulation of virulence in Vibrio cholerae: the ToxR regulon. Fut. Microbiol. 2, 335\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/17460913.2.3.335 (2007).","journal-title":"Fut. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06993.x","volume":"14","author":"EM Bik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bik, E. M., Bunschoten, A. E., Gouw, R. D. & Mooi, F. R. Genesis of the novel epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139 strain: Evidence for horizontal transfer of genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis. The EMBO J. 14, 209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06993.x (1995).","journal-title":"The EMBO J."},{"key":"4734_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1491-1497.2000","volume":"68","author":"D Provenzano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Provenzano, D., Schuhmacher, D. A., Barker, J. L. & Klose, K. E. The virulence regulatory protein ToxR mediates enhanced bile resistance in Vibrio cholerae and other pathogenic Vibrio species. Infect. Immun. 68, 1491\u20131497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1491-1497.2000 (2000).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"4734_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10220","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.170219997","volume":"97","author":"D Provenzano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Provenzano, D. & Klose, K. E. Altered expression of the ToxR-regulated porins OmpU and OmpT diminishes Vibrio cholerae bile resistance, virulence factor expression, and intestinal colonization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 10220\u201310224 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4734_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01913.x","volume":"36","author":"BN Lilley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lilley, B. N. & Bassler, B. L. Regulation of quorum sensing in Vibrio harveyi by LuxO and sigma-54. Mol. Microbiol. 36, 940\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01913.x (2000).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052694299","volume":"99","author":"J Zhu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhu, J. et al. Quorum-sensing regulators control virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 3129\u20133134 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4734_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06470.x","volume":"275","author":"K Vaitkevicius","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaitkevicius, K. et al. The metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae. FEBS J. 275, 3167\u20133177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06470.x (2008).","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"4734_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02248","volume":"9","author":"D P\u00e9rez-Reytor","year":"2018","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Reytor, D., Ja\u00f1a, V., Pavez, L., Navarrete, P. & Garc\u00eda, K. Accessory toxins of Vibrio pathogens and their role in epithelial disruption during infection. Front. Microbiol. 9, 2248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02248 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(84)90213-0","volume":"31","author":"PA Manning","year":"1984","unstructured":"Manning, P. A., Brown, M. H. & Heuzenroeder, M. W. Cloning of the structural gene (hly) for the haemolysin of Vibrio cholerae El Tor strain 017. Gene 31, 225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-1119(84)90213-0 (1984).","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"4734_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.5.1090-1093","volume":"55","author":"Y Ichinose","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ichinose, Y. et al. Enterotoxicity of El Tor-like hemolysin of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 55, 1090\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.55.5.1090-1093 (1987).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"4734_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409918102","volume":"102","author":"M Dziejman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dziejman, M. et al. Genomic characterization of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae reveals genes for a type III secretion system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 3465\u20133470 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4734_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510322103","volume":"103","author":"S Pukatzki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pukatzki, S. et al. Identification of a conserved bacterial protein secretion system in Vibrio cholerae using the Dictyostelium host model system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 1528\u20131533 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4734_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-104","volume":"10","author":"F Boyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boyer, F., Fichant, G., Berthod, J., Vandenbrouck, Y. & Attree, I. Dissecting the bacterial type VI secretion system by a genome wide in silico analysis: What can be learned from available microbial genomic resources? BMC Genomics 10, 104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-10-104 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"4734_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4549","volume":"5","author":"D Unterweger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Unterweger, D. et al. The Vibrio cholerae type VI secretion system employs diverse effector modules for intraspecific competition. Nat. Commun. 5, 3549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms4549 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"4734_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26847-y","volume":"12","author":"B Kostiuk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kostiuk, B. et al. Type VI secretion system mutations reduced competitive fitness of classical Vibrio cholerae biotype. Nat. Commun. 12, 6457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-26847-y (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"4734_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000200002","volume":"48","author":"GND Theophilo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Theophilo, G. N. D., dos Prazeres Rodrigues, D., Cintra Leal, N. & Hofer, E. Distribution of virulence markers in clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1\/non-O139 strains isolated in Brazil from 1991 to 2000. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. 48, 65\u201370 (2006).","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop."},{"key":"4734_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao2136","volume":"358","author":"D Domman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Domman, D. et al. Integrated view of Vibrio cholerae in the Americas. Science 358, 789\u2013793 (2017).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4734_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.16.1.129-134.1982","volume":"16","author":"JB Kaper","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kaper, J. B., Bradford, H. B., Roberts, N. C. & Falkow, S. Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in the U.S. Gulf Coast. J. Clin. Microbiol. 16, 129\u2013134 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19870","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.20.19870-en","volume":"16","author":"TJ Onifade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Onifade, T. J. et al. Toxin producing Vibrio cholerae O75 outbreak, United States, March to April 2011. Eurosurveillance 16, 19870 (2011).","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"4734_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0362-3319(01)00152-5","volume":"38","author":"JB Pick","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pick, J. B., Viswanathan, N. & Hettrick, J. The U.S.-Mexican borderlands region: A binational spatial analysis. Soc Sci J 38, 567\u2013595 (2001).","journal-title":"Soc Sci J"},{"key":"4734_CR23","volume-title":"Space Port Won\u2019t Harm Wildlife if Precautions Taken","author":"R Francis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Francis, R. Space Port Won\u2019t Harm Wildlife if Precautions Taken (Fort Worth Business Press, 2020)."},{"key":"4734_CR24","first-page":"216","volume":"40","author":"VJ Haggard","year":"1937","unstructured":"Haggard, V. J. Epidemic of Cholera in Texas, 1833\u20131834. Southwest Hist Q. 40, 216\u2013230 (1937).","journal-title":"Southwest Hist Q."},{"key":"4734_CR25","volume-title":"A Treatise on Asiatic Cholera","author":"EC Wendt","year":"1885","unstructured":"Wendt, E. C. & Peters, J. C. A Treatise on Asiatic Cholera (W. Wood and Company, 1885)."},{"key":"4734_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00720-08","volume":"47","author":"ML Liz\u00e1rraga-Partida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liz\u00e1rraga-Partida, M. L. & Quilici, M.-L. Molecular analyses of Vibrio cholerae O1 clinical strains, including new nontoxigenic variants isolated in Mexico during the Cholera epidemic years between 1991 and 2000. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47, 1364\u20131371 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR27","volume-title":"Other Vibrio infections","author":"Texas Health and Human Services","year":"2023","unstructured":"Texas Health and Human Services. Other Vibrio infections (Texas Department of State, 2023)."},{"key":"4734_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48320","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048320","volume":"7","author":"D Unterweger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unterweger, D. et al. Constitutive type VI secretion system expression gives Vibrio cholerae intra- and interspecific competitive advantages. PLoS ONE 7, e48320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0048320 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4734_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2003.08.009","volume":"55","author":"GC Baker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baker, G. C., Smith, J. J. & Cowan, D. A. Review and re-analysis of domain-specific 16S primers. J. Microbiol. Methods 55, 541\u2013555 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"4734_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.5.2202-2208.1999","volume":"65","author":"J Chun","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chun, J., Huq, A. & Colwell, R. R. Analysis of 16S\u201323S rRNA intergenic spacer regions of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 2202\u20132208 (1999).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01571061","volume":"28","author":"T Shimada","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shimada, T. et al. Extended serotyping scheme for Vibrio cholerae. Curr. Microbiol. 28, 175\u2013178 (1994).","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR32","first-page":"9","volume":"19","author":"S Mukerjee","year":"1959","unstructured":"Mukerjee, S. Identification of S-R dissociation of the strains of Vibrio cholerae by group II bacteriophages. Ann. Biochem. Exp. Med. 19, 9\u201312 (1959).","journal-title":"Ann. Biochem. Exp. Med."},{"key":"4734_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0030821","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00308-21","volume":"10","author":"JW Turner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turner, J. W. et al. Draft genome sequences of Vibrio cholerae from the Rio Grande Delta. Microbiol. Resour. Announc. 10, e0030821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MRA.00308-21 (2021).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"4734_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2419-2433.2002","volume":"70","author":"J Nesper","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nesper, J. et al. Comparative and genetic analyses of the putative Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide biosynthesis (wav) gene cluster. Infect. Immun. 70, 2419\u20132433 (2002).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"4734_CR35","first-page":"193","volume":"45","author":"R Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Wang, Y., Leung, P. C. & Gu, J. D. pVC, a small cryptic plasmid from the environmental isolate of Vibrio cholerae MP-1. J. Microbiol. 45, 193\u2013198 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02283","volume":"8","author":"D Ceccarelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ceccarelli, D. et al. Characterization of two cryptic plasmids isolated in Haiti from clinical Vibrio cholerae non-O1\/non-O139. Front. Microbiol. 8, 2283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02283 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-012-0939-7","volume":"21","author":"R Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Pan, L., Zhao, Z. & Gu, J. D. High incidence of plasmids in marine Vibrio species isolated from Mai Po Nature Reserve of Hong Kong. Ecotoxicology 21, 1661\u20131668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-012-0939-7 (2012).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"4734_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12070","volume":"38","author":"S Kalynych","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kalynych, S., Morona, R. & Cygler, M. Progress in understanding the assembly process of bacterial O-antigen. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 38, 1048\u20131065 (2014).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"4734_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07245-3","volume":"9","author":"MC Duncan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duncan, M. C. et al. Vibrio cholerae motility exerts drag force to impede attack by the bacterial predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Nat. Commun. 9, 4757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07245-3 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"4734_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5079","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.9.5079-5088.2003","volume":"69","author":"K Kierek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kierek, K. & Watnick, P. I. Environmental determinants of Vibrio cholerae biofilm development. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 5079\u20135088 (2003).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR41","first-page":"24","volume":"54","author":"R Ganguly","year":"1966","unstructured":"Ganguly, R., Ghosh, A. K. & Shrivastava, D. L. Effect of chlorine on some of the biological characters of Vibrio cholerae. Indian J. Med. Res. 54, 24\u201329 (1966).","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"4734_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5266","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00578-08","volume":"76","author":"MS Zahid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zahid, M. S. et al. Effect of phage on the infectivity of Vibrio cholerae and emergence of genetic variants. Infect. Immun. 76, 5266\u20135273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00578-08 (2008).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"4734_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-72-3-357","volume":"72","author":"NF Pierce","year":"1970","unstructured":"Pierce, N. F., Banwell, J. G., Gorbach, S. L., Mitra, R. C. & Mondal, A. Convalescent carriers of Vibrio cholerae. Detection and detailed investigation. Ann. Intern. Med. 72, 357\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-72-3-357 (1970).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"4734_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.99.3.688-695.1969","volume":"99","author":"RB Sack","year":"1969","unstructured":"Sack, R. B. & Miller, C. E. Progressive changes of Vibrio serotypes in germ-free mice infected with Vibrio cholerae. J. Bacteriol. 99, 688\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.99.3.688-695.1969 (1969).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"4734_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190912","DOI":"10.5696\/2156-9614-9.23.190912","volume":"9","author":"MD Fuentes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fuentes, M. D. et al. Assessment of antibiotic levels, multi-drug resistant bacteria and genetic biomarkers in the waters of the Rio Grande River between the United States-Mexico border. J. Health Pollut. 9, 190912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5696\/2156-9614-9.23.190912 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Health Pollut."},{"key":"4734_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.2025","volume":"286","author":"MJ Dorman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dorman, M. J. et al. The history, genome and biology of NCTC 30: A non-pandemic Vibrio cholerae isolate from World War One. Proc. R So B: Biol. Sci. 286, 2018\u20132025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2018.2025 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. R So B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"4734_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.11.035","volume":"210","author":"L Proia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Proia, L. et al. Occurrence and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in river biofilms after wastewater inputs in small rivers. Environ. Pollut. 210, 121\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.11.035 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"4734_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01100-3","volume":"11","author":"XH Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan, X. H. et al. Global status of antimicrobial resistance among environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1\/O139: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob. Resistst. Infect. Control. 11, 62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-022-01100-3 (2022).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resistst. Infect. Control."},{"key":"4734_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3577-3583.2004","volume":"72","author":"J Mathur","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mathur, J. & Waldor, M. K. The Vibrio cholerae ToxR-regulated porin OmpU confers resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Infect. Immun. 72, 3577\u20133583 (2004).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"4734_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16240","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.240","volume":"2","author":"B Shapiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shapiro, B., Levade, I., Kovacikova, G., Taylor, R. K. & Almagro-Moreno, S. Origins of pandemic Vibrio cholerae from environmental gene pools. Nat. Microbiol. 2, 16240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.240 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.03.003","volume":"115","author":"JA Benitez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benitez, J. A. & Silva, A. J. Vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin (HA)\/protease: An extracellular metalloprotease with multiple pathogenic activities. Toxicon 115, 55\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.03.003 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"4734_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/35083691","volume":"412","author":"M Broza","year":"2001","unstructured":"Broza, M. & Halpern, M. Pathogen reservoirs. Chironomid egg masses and Vibrio cholerae. Nature 412, 40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35083691 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4734_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37956","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37956","volume":"6","author":"MM Hoque","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoque, M. M. et al. Quorum regulated resistance of Vibrio cholerae against environmental bacteriophages. Sci. Rep. 6, 37956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep37956 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"4734_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13009","volume":"67","author":"Guardiola-Avila","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guardiola-Avila, et al. Isolation and identification of Vibrio species in the Rio Bravo\/Grande and water bodies from Reynosa, Tamaulipas. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 67, 190\u2013196 (2018).","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.1.95-99.1989","volume":"55","author":"JE Ogg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ogg, J. E., Ryder, R. A. & Smith, H. L. Jr. Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from aquatic birds in Colorado and Utah. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 95\u201399 (1989).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.09.003","volume":"11","author":"SM Faruque","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faruque, S. M. & Mekalanos, J. J. Pathogenicity islands and phages in Vibrio cholerae evolution. Trends Microbiol. 11, 505\u2013510 (2003).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/7.6.1513","volume":"7","author":"HC Birnboim","year":"1979","unstructured":"Birnboim, H. C. & Doly, J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 7, 1513\u20131523 (1979).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"4734_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D517","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935","volume":"48","author":"BP Alcock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alcock, B. P. et al. CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res. 48, D517\u2013D525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz935 (2020).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"4734_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61635-0","volume":"2","author":"M Sussman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sussman, M. Cultivation and synchronous morphogenesis of Dictyostelium under controlled experimental conditions. Methods Cell Biol. 2, 9\u201329 (1987).","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"4734_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065342","volume":"8","author":"S Octavia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Octavia, S. et al. Population structure and evolution of non-O1\/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae by multilocus sequence typing. PLoS ONE 8, e65342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0065342 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4734_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7696","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02411-13","volume":"79","author":"B Contreras-Moreira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Contreras-Moreira, B. & Vinuesa, P. GET_HOMOLOGUES, a versatile software package for scalable and robust microbial pangenome analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79, 7696\u20137701 (2013).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"4734_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D535","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1017","volume":"45","author":"AR Wattam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wattam, A. R. et al. Improvements to PATRIC, the all-bacterial bioinformatics database and analysis resource center. Nucleic Acids Res. 45, D535\u2013D542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkw1017 (2017).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04734-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04734-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04734-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T05:12:11Z","timestamp":1751433131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04734-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-04734-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23430"}}