{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:45:59Z","timestamp":1787751959242,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009381","name":"International Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["537\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["537\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04923-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T15:08:42Z","timestamp":1751382522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synergistic strategy of riboflavin and lipoids to bioengineer resin dentin hybrid layer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wong","family":"Er-Vin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yip Chun","family":"Marn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wong Siew","family":"Shuai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin Kaur A.\/P. Kuljit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preena","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loo Chee","family":"Thou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelia Aurell","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ng Hui","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Sarosh","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Davamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Sauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Daood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2020.08.004","volume":"56","author":"J Perdig\u00e3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perdig\u00e3o, J. Current perspectives on dental adhesion: (1) Dentin adhesion - not there yet. Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev. 56, 190\u2013207 (2020).","journal-title":"Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"4923_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126990","author":"AS Mohammad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammad, A. S., Julia, V., Anna, V. & Steven, M. M. Functional role of inorganic trace elements in dentin apatite tissue\u2014part III: Se, F, Ag, and B. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126990 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"4923_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.10.016","volume":"27","author":"DH Pashley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pashley, D. H. et al. State of the art etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dent. Mater. 27, 1\u201316 (2011).","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"4923_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2341\/14-095-BL","volume":"40","author":"L Tj\u00e4derhane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tj\u00e4derhane, L. Dentin bonding: Can we make it last?. Op. Dent. 40, 4\u201318 (2015).","journal-title":"Op. Dent."},{"key":"4923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5268342","author":"DE Betancourt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Betancourt, D. E., Baldion, P. A. & Castellanos, J. E. Resin-dentin bonding interface: Mechanisms of degradation and strategies for stabilization of the hybrid layer. Intern. J. Biomater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/5268342 (2019).","journal-title":"Intern. J. Biomater."},{"key":"4923_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300306","volume":"83","author":"DH Pashley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pashley, D. H. et al. Collagen degradation by host-derived enzymes during aging. J. Dent. Res. 83, 216\u2013221 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"4923_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2021.100174","volume":"12","author":"K Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, K. et al. Enhancing resin-dentin bond durability using a novel mussel-inspired monomer. Mater. Today Biol. 12, 100174 (2021).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Biol."},{"key":"4923_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37221","volume":"109","author":"U Daood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daood, U. et al. Antimicrobial and self-crosslinking potential of experimentally developed dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide and riboflavin dentin adhesive. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A. 109, 2392\u20132406 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A."},{"key":"4923_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.11.007","volume":"32","author":"A Frassetto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frassetto, A. et al. Mechanisms of degradation of the hybrid layer in adhesive dentistry and therapeutic agents to improve bond durability-A literature review. Dent. Mater. 32, 41\u201353 (2016).","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"4923_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.11.003","volume":"36","author":"U Daood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daood, U. et al. Novel riboflavin\/VE-TPGS modified universal dentine adhesive with superior dentine bond strength and self-crosslinking potential. Dent. Mater. 36, 145\u2013156 (2020).","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"4923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.01.022","volume":"250","author":"R Frederik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frederik, R. et al. Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA light in progressive keratoconus: Fifteen-year results. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 250, 95\u2013102 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4923_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e09394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09394","volume":"8","author":"H Nsairat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nsairat, H. et al. Liposomes: Structure, composition, types, and clinical applications. Heliyon. 8, e09394 (2022).","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"4923_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21417","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152417","volume":"11","author":"L Hardan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hardan, L. et al. Effect of collagen crosslinkers on dentin bond strength of adhesive systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cells 11, 21417 (2022).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"148","key":"4923_CR14","first-page":"153","volume":"440","author":"C Osracolo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Osracolo, C. et al. Enhancement of corneal permeation of riboflavin-5-phosphate through vitamin E TPGS: A promising approach in corneal trans-epithelial cross-linking treatment. Intern. J. Pharmacol. 440(148), 153 (2013).","journal-title":"Intern. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"4923_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5908","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12133","volume":"54","author":"R Lamy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lamy, R. et al. Ultrasound enhanced permeation of topical riboflavin into the corneal stroma. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54, 5908\u20135912 (2013).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"4923_CR16","first-page":"113","volume":"7","author":"DPS O\u2019Brart","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Brart, D. P. S. Corneal collagen cross-linking: A review. J. Ophthalmol. 7, 113\u2013124 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4923_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2022.100111","author":"N Farah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farah, N. et al. Riboflavin as a promising antimicrobial agent? A multi-perspective review. Curr. Res. Microb. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crmicr.2022.100111 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"4923_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.03.004","volume":"43","author":"C Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Bonding of universal adhesives to dentine\u2014old wine in new bottles?. J. Dent. 43, 525\u2013536 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"4923_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2007.0265","volume":"138","author":"M Bernardo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bernardo, M. et al. Survival and reasons for failure of amalgam versus composite posterior restorations placed in a randomized clinical trial. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 138, 775\u2013783 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"4923_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04402-3","volume":"26","author":"PP Maciel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maciel, P. P. et al. Bonding performance and ultramorphology of the resin-dentine interface of contemporary universal adhesives. Clin. Oral Invest. 26, 4391\u20134405 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Invest."},{"key":"4923_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-015-0070-y","volume":"2","author":"A Tezvergil-Mutluay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tezvergil-Mutluay, A., Pashley, D. H. & Mutluay, M. M. Long-term durability of dental adhesives. Curr. Oral Health Rep. 2, 174\u2013181 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Oral Health Rep."},{"key":"4923_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.03.001","volume":"38","author":"M Sebold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sebold, M. et al. Bonding interface and dentin enzymatic activity of two universal adhesives applied following different etching approaches. Dent. Mater. 38, 907\u2013923 (2022).","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"4923_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00518.x","volume":"116","author":"S Sauro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sauro, S. et al. Micro permeability of current self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesives bonded to deep dentine: A comparison study using a double-staining\/confocal microscopy technique. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 116, 184\u2013193 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"4923_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512439210","volume":"91","author":"A Mazzoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazzoni, A. et al. MMP activity in the hybrid layer detected with in situ zymography. J. Dent. Res. 91, 467\u2013472 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"4923_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12692","volume":"33","author":"J Perdigao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perdigao, J., Araujo, E., Ramos, R. Q., Gomes, G. & Pizzolatto, L. Adhesive dentistry: Current concepts and clinical considerations. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 33, 51\u201358 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"4923_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10101","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518763606","volume":"97","author":"K Yoshihara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoshihara, K. et al. Etching efficacy of self-etching functional monomers. J. Dent. Res. 97, 10101\u201310116 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"4923_CR27","first-page":"726","volume":"21","author":"CE Cuevas-Suarez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cuevas-Suarez, C. E., da Rosa, W. L. O., Lund, R. G., da Silva, A. F. & Piva, E. Bonding performance of universal adhesives: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. 21, 726 (2019).","journal-title":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry."},{"key":"4923_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.11.031","volume":"35","author":"U Daood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daood, U., Matinlinna, J. P. & Fawzy, A. S. Synergistic effects of VE-TPGS and riboflavin in crosslinking of dentin. Dent. Mater. 35, 356\u2013367 (2019).","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"4923_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52860","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052860","volume":"8","author":"S Hayes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayes, S., Kamma-Lorger, C. S. & Boote, C. The effect of riboflavin\/UVA collagen cross-linking therapy on the structure and hydrodynamic behaviour of the ungulate and rabbit corneal stroma. PLoS ONE 8, e52860 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4923_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2016.03.008","volume":"32","author":"V Hass","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hass, V. et al. Collagen cross-linkers on dentin bonding: Stability of the adhesive interfaces, degree of conversion of the adhesive, cytotoxicity and in situ MMP inhibition. Dent. Mater. 32, 732\u2013741 (2016).","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"4923_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.017","volume":"153","author":"I Ahmad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmad, I. et al. Formulation and stabilization of riboflavin in liposomal preparations. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol. 153, 358\u2013366 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol."},{"key":"4923_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00317","volume":"27","author":"N Beztsinna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beztsinna, N. et al. Amphiphilic phospholipid-based riboflavin derivatives for tumor targeting nanomedicines. Bioconj. Chem. 27, 2048\u201320161 (2016).","journal-title":"Bioconj. Chem."},{"key":"4923_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.03.054","volume":"131","author":"MA Morini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morini, M. A. et al. Influence of temperature, anions and size distribution on the zeta potential of DMPC, DPPC and DMPE lipid vesicles. Colloid. Surf. B. Biointerfac. 131, 54\u201358 (2015).","journal-title":"Colloid. Surf. B. Biointerfac."},{"key":"4923_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2012.00960.x","volume":"120","author":"M Taschner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taschner, M. et al. Influence of preliminary etching on the stability of bonds created by one-step self-etch bonding systems. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 120, 239\u2013248 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"4923_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.115416","volume":"7","author":"LA Salvio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salvio, L. A., Hip\u00f3lito, V. D. & Martins, A. L. Hybridization quality and bond strength of adhesive systems according to interaction with dentin. Eur. J. Dent. 7, 315\u2013326 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"4923_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(00)00089-7","volume":"8","author":"PO Joseph","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joseph, P. O., Tim, J. W. & Andrew, M. The in-situ conformation and axial location of the intermolecular cross-linked non-helical telopeptides of type I collagen. Structure. 8, 137\u2013142 (2000).","journal-title":"Structure."},{"key":"4923_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(03)00724-1","volume":"331","author":"R Meier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meier, R., Tomizaki, T., Schulze-Briese, C., Baumann, U. & Stocker, A. The molecular basis of vitamin E retention: Structure of human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein. J. Mol. Biol. 331, 725\u2013734 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"4923_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11395","DOI":"10.1039\/b816125a","volume":"11","author":"DJ Cole","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cole, D. J., Paynea, M. C. & Ciacchibc, L. C. Water structuring and collagen adsorption at hydrophilic and hydrophobic silicon surfaces. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 11395\u201311409 (2009).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"4923_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.01.026","volume":"25","author":"CK Yiu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yiu, C. K. et al. Effect of resin hydrophilicity and water storage on resin strength. Biomaterial. 25, 5789\u20135796 (2004).","journal-title":"Biomaterial."},{"key":"4923_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34482","volume":"101A","author":"U Daood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daood, U., Iqbal, K., Nitisusanta, L. I. & Fawzy, A. S. Effect of chitosan\/riboflavin modification on resin\/dentin interface: Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. J Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 101A, 1846\u20131856 (2013).","journal-title":"J Biomed. Mater. Res. A."},{"key":"4923_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.05.005","volume":"34","author":"U Daood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daood, U. et al. In vitro assessment of ribose modified two-step etch-and-rinse dentine adhesive. Dent. Mater. 34, 1175\u20131187 (2018).","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"4923_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.51.5.871","volume":"51","author":"JA Petruska","year":"1964","unstructured":"Petruska, J. A. & Hodge, A. J. A subunit model for the tropocollagen macromolecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 51, 871\u2013876 (1964).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"4923_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(77)85562-8","volume":"19","author":"W Claffey","year":"1977","unstructured":"Claffey, W. Interpretation of the small-angle X-ray diffraction of collagen in view of the primary structure of the alpha1 chain. Biophys. J. 19, 63\u201370 (1977).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"4923_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(77)80082-X","volume":"110","author":"DJ Hulmes","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hulmes, D. J., Miller, A., White, S. W. & Doyle, B. B. Interpretation of the meridional X-ray diffraction pattern from collagen fibres in terms of the known amino acid sequence. J. Mol. Biol. 110, 643\u2013666 (1977).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"4923_CR45","first-page":"11","volume":"39","author":"CM Hansen","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hansen, C. M. & Skaarup, K. The three-dimensional solubility parameter key to paint component affinities. III. Independent calculation of the parameter components. J. Paint Technol. 39, 11\u201320 (1967).","journal-title":"J. Paint Technol."},{"key":"4923_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00494.x","volume":"115","author":"I Dige","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dige, I., Nilsson, H. & Kilian, M. In situ identification of streptococci and other bacteria in initial dental biofilm by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 115, 459\u2013467 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"4923_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s42860-018-0002-8","volume":"67","author":"LB Williams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Williams, L. B. Natural antibacterial clays: Historical uses and modern advances. Clay. Clay. Miner. 67, 7\u201324 (2019).","journal-title":"Clay. Clay. Miner."},{"key":"4923_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8746","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01368-07","volume":"189","author":"G Sezonov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sezonov, G., Joseleau-Petit, D. & D\u2019Ari, R. Escherichia coli physiology in luria-bertani broth. J. Bacteriol. 189, 8746\u20138749 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"4923_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2019.105334","volume":"183","author":"MQ Ge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ge, M. Q., Li, J., Song, S. J., Meng, N. & Zhou, N. L. Development and antibacterial performance of silver nanoparticles-lecithin modified montmorillonite nanoparticle hybrid. Appl. Clay Sci. 183, 105334 (2019).","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"4923_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","volume":"25","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mantovani, A. et al. The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trend. Immunol. 25, 677 (2004).","journal-title":"Trend. Immunol."},{"key":"4923_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708601113","volume":"86","author":"I Andrade Jr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andrade, I. Jr., Silva, T. A., Silva, G. A., Teixeira, A. L. & Teixeira, M. M. The role of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 in orthodontic tooth movement. J. Dent. Res. 86, 1089 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"4923_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0042","volume":"19","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. IL-17-mediated M1:M2 macrophage alteration contributes to pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Clin. Cancer Res. 19, 3176 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"4923_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002275","author":"Y Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Ex vivo programmed macrophages ameliorate experimental chronic inflammatory renal disease. Kidney Int https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5002275 (2007).","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"4923_CR54","first-page":"315","volume":"2004","author":"FR Tay","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tay, F. R., Pashley, D. H., Garc\u00eca-Godoy, F. & Yiu, C. K. Single-step, self-etch adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization. Part II. Silver tracer penetration evidence. Am. J. Dent. 2004, 315\u2013322 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04923-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04923-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04923-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T15:12:39Z","timestamp":1751382759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-04923-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-04923-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The project obtained permission from the Institutional Review Board of International Medical University Kuala Lumpur. Obtained written informed consent from all persons who contributed extracted teeth for the laboratory in-vitro experiments approved by the Institutional Research Ethical Committee (537\/2021).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Consent for publishing has been obtained from all authors. All authors read and approved the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}],"article-number":"20877"}}