{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:49:21Z","timestamp":1769302161665,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In the human body, the skin is the main organ. Nearly 30\u201370% of individuals globally have skin-related health issues, for whom efficient and effective analysis is essential. A general method dermatologists use for analyzing skin illnesses is dermoscopy, which permits surveillance of the hidden structures of skin injuries, i.e., an area suffering from an illness whose effects are unseen to the naked eye. Dermoscopy is generally employed for cancers and other kinds of skin cancers with pigment. Yet, access to a dermoscopy is demanding in resource-poor areas and unnecessary for many general skin diseases. So, developing an effective skin disease analysis method that depends upon effortlessly accessible clinical imaging would be helpful and deliver lower-cost, common access to many individuals. Recently, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) approaches have been effectively employed to detect skin cancers in dermatoscopic imaging. The CAD-based techniques will be beneficial for helping professionals detect and classify skin lesions. This paper presents an Advanced Skin Lesion Classification using Block-Scrambling-Based Encryption with a Fusion of Transfer Learning Models and a Hippopotamus Optimization (SLCBSBE-FTLHO) model. The main aim of the SLCBSBE-FTLHO model relies on automating the diagnostic procedures of skin lesions using optimal DL approaches. At first, the block-scrambling-based encryption (BSBE) technique is utilized in the image encryption pre-processing stage, and then the decryption process is performed. The feature extraction process employs the fusion of MobileNetV2, GoogLeNet, and AlexNet techniques. Furthermore, the conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) method is implemented for skin lesion classification. To optimize the CVAE model performance, the hippopotamus optimization (HO) model is utilized for hyperparameter tuning to ensure that the optimum hyperparameters are chosen for enhanced accuracy. To exhibit the improved performance of the SLCBSBE-FTLHO approach, a comprehensive experimental analysis is conducted under the skin cancer ISIC dataset. The comparative study of the SLCBSBE-FTLHO approach portrayed a superior accuracy value of 99.48% over existing models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04931-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T15:10:23Z","timestamp":1751382623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design of Block-Scrambling-Based privacy protection mechanism in healthcare using fusion of transfer learning models with Hippopotamus optimization algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ghada Moh. Samir","family":"Elhessewi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Yahya","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alamgeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulbasit A.","family":"Darem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da\u2019ad","family":"Albalawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mutasim","family":"Al Sadig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4931_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassem, M. 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