{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:21:41Z","timestamp":1787682101719,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Association for Degrees and Graduate Education","award":["JSSYXHZD2023-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSYXHZD2023-1"]}]},{"name":"Subproject of Jiangsu Provincial Association for Degrees and Graduate Education","award":["JSYXHXM2023-ZYB21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSYXHXM2023-ZYB21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05062-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T08:38:08Z","timestamp":1749199088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mediational effect analysis of childhood emotional abuse on prodromal psychotic symptoms in self-taught examination students"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yanchi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"5062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.04.016","volume":"138","author":"A Shafer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafer, A. & Dazzi, F. Meta-analytic exploration of the joint factors of the brief psychiatric rating scale: Expanded (BPRS-E) and the positive and negative symptoms scales (PANSS). J. Psychiatr. Res. 138, 519\u2013527 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbj053","volume":"32","author":"B Kirkpatrick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick, B., Fenton, W. S., Carpenter, W. T. Jr. & Marder, S. R. The NIMH-MATRICS consensus statement on negative symptoms. Schizophr. Bull. 32(2), 214\u2013219 (2006).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"15","key":"5062_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002550","volume":"52","author":"L Staines","year":"2022","unstructured":"Staines, L. et al. Psychotic experiences in the general population, a review; definition, risk factors, outcomes and interventions. Psychol. Med. 52(15), 1\u201312 (2022).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003814","volume":"39","author":"J van Os","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Os, J., Linscott, R. J., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P. & Krabbendam, L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: Evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychol. Med. 39(2), 179\u2013195 (2009).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"7321","key":"5062_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09552","volume":"468","author":"TR Insel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Insel, T. R. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature 468(7321), 187\u2013193 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.2.353","volume":"22","author":"AR Yung","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yung, A. R. & McGorry, P. D. The prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis: Past and current conceptualizations. Schizophr. Bull. 22(2), 353\u2013370 (1996).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.269","volume":"70","author":"P Fusar-Poli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fusar-Poli, P. et al. The psychosis high-risk state: A comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiat. 70(1), 107\u2013120 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat."},{"key":"5062_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.4.298","volume":"185","author":"LC Johns","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johns, L. C. et al. Prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population. Br. J. Psychiatry 185, 298\u2013305 (2004).","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001005","volume":"41","author":"I Kelleher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kelleher, I. & Cannon, M. Psychotic-like experiences in the general population: Characterizing a high-risk group for psychosis. Psychol. Med. 41(1), 1\u20136 (2011).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212799316136","volume":"18","author":"B Nelson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nelson, B., Fusar-Poli, P. & Yung, A. R. Can we detect psychotic-like experiences in the general population?. Curr. Pharm. Des. 18(4), 376\u2013385 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"14","key":"5062_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001665","volume":"46","author":"RP Auerbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Auerbach, R. P. et al. Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. Psychol. Med. 46(14), 2955\u20132970 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"5062_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000362","volume":"127","author":"RP Auerbach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Auerbach, R. P. et al. WHO world mental health surveys international college student project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 127(7), 623\u2013638 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19060654","volume":"177","author":"SA Sullivan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sullivan, S. A. et al. A population-based cohort study examining the incidence and impact of psychotic experiences from childhood to adulthood, and prediction of psychotic disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 177(4), 308\u2013317 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"5062_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.02.010","volume":"93","author":"RL Loewy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loewy, R. L., Johnson, J. K. & Cannon, T. D. Self-report of attenuated psychotic experiences in a college population. Schizophr. Res. 93(1\u20133), 144\u2013151 (2007).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti, V. J. et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am. J. Prev. Med. 14(4), 245\u2013258 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2006.05.002","volume":"15","author":"G Zalsman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zalsman, G. & Brent, D. A. Weersing VR Depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence: An overview\u2014epidemiology, clinical manifestation and risk factors. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 15(4), 827\u2013841 (2006).","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"5062_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.11.011","volume":"228","author":"P Xie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xie, P. et al. Prevalence of childhood trauma and correlations between childhood trauma, suicidal ideation, and social support in patients with depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in southern China. J. Affect. Disord. 228, 41\u201348 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs050","volume":"38","author":"F Varese","year":"2012","unstructured":"Varese, F. et al. Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: A meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr. Bull. 38(4), 661\u2013671 (2012).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"5062_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.04.004","volume":"68","author":"M Garcia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garcia, M. et al. Sex differences in the effect of childhood trauma on the clinical expression of early psychosis. Compr. Psychiatry 68, 86\u201396 (2016).","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"5062_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000574","volume":"45","author":"A Trotta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trotta, A., Murray, R. M. & Fisher, H. L. The impact of childhood adversity on the persistence of psychotic symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol. Med. 45(12), 2481\u20132498 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"5062_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4","volume":"2","author":"K Hughes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hughes, K. et al. The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health 2(8), e356\u2013e366 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"5062_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","volume":"197","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kessler, R. C. et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO world mental health surveys. Br. J. Psychiatry 197(5), 378\u2013385 (2010).","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002372","volume":"45","author":"M van Nierop","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Nierop, M. investigators OUoP et al. Childhood trauma is associated with a specific admixture of affective, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms cutting across traditional diagnostic boundaries. Psychol. Med. 45(6), 1277\u20131288 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"5062_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01157-X","volume":"49","author":"C Heim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heim, C. & Nemeroff, C. B. The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: Preclinical and clinical studies. Biol. Psychiatry 49(12), 1023\u20131039 (2001).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320041","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2320041","volume":"15","author":"Z Dehghan Manshadi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dehghan Manshadi, Z., Neshat-Doost, H. T. & Jobson, L. Cognitive factors as mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms: The mediating roles of cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination, and social problem-solving. Eur. J. Psychotraumatol. 15(1), 2320041 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.04.001","volume":"56","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Felitti, V. J. et al. REPRINT of: Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am. J. Prev. Med. 56(6), 774\u2013786 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"5062_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.051","volume":"276","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, J., He, X., Chen, Y. & Lin, C. Association between childhood trauma and depression: A moderated mediation analysis among normative Chinese college students. J. Affect. Disord. 276, 519\u2013524 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"5062_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102824","volume":"65","author":"JJ Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang, J. J., Ji, Y., Li, Y. H., Yuan, M. Y. & Su, P. Y. Childhood trauma and depression in college students: Mediating and moderating effects of psychological resilience. Asian J. Psychiatr. 65, 102824 (2021).","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"5062_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277766","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1277766","volume":"11","author":"M Wakuta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wakuta, M. et al. Adverse childhood experiences: Impacts on adult mental health and social withdrawal. Front Public Health 11, 1277766 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"5062_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116481","volume":"340","author":"J O'Shields","year":"2024","unstructured":"O\u2019Shields, J., Mowbray, O. & Cooper, Z. The effects of childhood maltreatment on social support, inflammation, and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Soc. Sci. Med. 340, 116481 (2024).","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"5062_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104667","volume":"110","author":"J Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo, J., Fu, M., Liu, D., Zhang, B. & Wang, X. van IMH: Is the psychological impact of exposure to COVID-19 stronger in adolescents with pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences? A survey of rural Chinese adolescents. Child Abuse Negl. 110(Pt 2), 104667 (2020).","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"5062_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.05.003","volume":"205","author":"RL Loewy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loewy, R. L. et al. Childhood trauma and clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr. Res. 205, 10\u201314 (2019).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"5062_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2387-9","volume":"15","author":"S Euser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Euser, S., Alink, L. R., Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. & van IJzendoorn, M. H. A gloomy picture: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reveals disappointing effectiveness of programs aiming at preventing child maltreatment. BMC Public Health 15, 1068 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr196","volume":"38","author":"JT Wigman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wigman, J. T. et al. Evidence that psychotic symptoms are prevalent in disorders of anxiety and depression, impacting on illness onset, risk, and severity\u2013implications for diagnosis and ultra-high risk research. Schizophr. Bull. 38(2), 247\u2013257 (2012).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"5062_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102425","volume":"54","author":"BN Subodh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Subodh, B. N. & Grover, S. Depression in schizophrenia: Prevalence and its impact on quality of life, disability, and functioning. Asian J. Psychiatry 54, 102425 (2020).","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"5062_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.11.1855","volume":"159","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ohayon, M. M. & Schatzberg, A. F. Prevalence of depressive episodes with psychotic features in the general population. Am. J. Psychiatry 159(11), 1855\u20131861 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00123-3","volume":"37","author":"SR Dube","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Giles, W. H. & Anda, R. F. The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900. Prev. Med. 37(3), 268\u2013277 (2003).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-024-00722-2","volume":"18","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, H., Wang, Z., Li, X. & Liu, J. Characteristics and risk factors of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with depression. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health 18(1), 34 (2024).","journal-title":"Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"5062_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2130336","volume":"72","author":"CJ Counts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Counts, C. J. & John-Henderson, N. A. Childhood trauma and college student health: A review of the literature. J. Am. Coll. Health 72(8), 2783\u20132797 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"5062_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.02.004","volume":"101","author":"TS Kleih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kleih, T. S. et al. Exposure to childhood maltreatment and systemic inflammation across pregnancy: The moderating role of depressive symptomatology. Brain Behav. Immun. 101, 397\u2013409 (2022).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2058879","volume":"72","author":"H Oh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oh, H., Banawa, R., Zhou, S., DeVylder, J. & Koyanagi, A. The mental and physical health correlates of psychotic experiences among US college students: Findings from the Healthy Mind Study 2020. J. Am. Coll. Health 72(3), 834\u2013840 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.08.030","volume":"151","author":"MM Gerrits","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gerrits, M. M., van Marwijk, H. W., van Oppen, P., van der Horst, H. & Penninx, B. W. The role of somatic health problems in the recognition of depressive and anxiety disorders by general practitioners. J. Affect. Disord. 151(3), 1025\u20131032 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"5062_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358578","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1358578","volume":"15","author":"J Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi, J., Kang, J., Kim, T. & Nehs, C. J. Sleep, mood disorders, and the ketogenic diet: potential therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Front. Psychiatry 15, 1358578 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000476","volume":"68","author":"A Parker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parker, A. et al. Injustice, quality of life, and psychiatric symptoms in people with migraine. Rehabil. Psychol. 68(1), 77\u201390 (2023).","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"5062_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00415","volume":"10","author":"J Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Peng, X., Chao, X. & Xiang, Y. Childhood maltreatment influences mental symptoms: The mediating roles of emotional intelligence and social support. Front. Psychiatry 10, 415 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"5062_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073141","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1073141","volume":"11","author":"W Hong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hong, W. et al. Home quarantine during COVID-19 blunted childhood trauma-related psychiatric symptoms in Chinese college students. Front. Public Health 11, 1073141 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"5062_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105629","volume":"129","author":"S Kwok","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kwok, S., Gu, M. & Kwok, K. Childhood emotional abuse and adolescent flourishing: A moderated mediation model of self-compassion and curiosity. Child Abuse Negl. 129, 105629 (2022).","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v12.i3.483","volume":"12","author":"RD Ahouanse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahouanse, R. D. et al. Childhood maltreatment and suicide ideation: A possible mediation of social support. World J. Psychiatry 12(3), 483\u2013493 (2022).","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.03.025","volume":"54","author":"S Devi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Devi, S. et al. Heath WR et al Adrenergic regulation of the vasculature impairs leukocyte interstitial migration and suppresses immune responses. Immunity 54(6), 1219-1230e1217 (2021).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"5062_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0438","author":"L Strathearn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strathearn, L. et al. Long-term cognitive, psychological, and health outcomes associated with child abuse and neglect. Pediatrics https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-0438 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"19","key":"5062_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38269","volume":"10","author":"M Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, M. & Ruan, C. The new college entrance examination reform investigation and research on comprehensive quality evaluation. Heliyon 10(19), e38269 (2024).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"50","key":"5062_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009282117","volume":"117","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Jiang, M. & Kesten, O. An empirical evaluation of Chinese college admissions reforms through a natural experiment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117(50), 31696\u201331705 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"5062_CR53","first-page":"126","volume":"20","author":"X Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin, X. Investigation into the mental health of self-taught examinees and analysis of educational countermeasures. Chin. Adult Educ. 20, 126\u2013128 (2010).","journal-title":"Chin. Adult Educ."},{"issue":"06","key":"5062_CR54","first-page":"86","volume":"27","author":"H He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He, H. Coping styles and mental health of self-taught students in adult education in Chongqing city. J. Chongqing Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 27(06), 86\u201388 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Chongqing Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5062_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00173-6","volume":"53","author":"KT Mueser","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mueser, K. T., Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A. & Trumbetta, S. L. Trauma, PTSD, and the course of severe mental illness: An interactive model. Schizophr. Res. 53(1\u20132), 123\u2013143 (2002).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.03.007","volume":"79","author":"RL Loewy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loewy, R. L., Bearden, C. E., Johnson, J. K., Raine, A. & Cannon, T. D. The prodromal questionnaire (PQ): Preliminary validation of a self-report screening measure for prodromal and psychotic syndromes. Schizophr. Res. 79(1), 117\u2013125 (2005).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0148935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148935","volume":"11","author":"L Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, L. et al. Psychometric properties of prodromal questionnaire-brief version among Chinese help-seeking individuals. PLoS ONE 11(2), e0148935 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","volume":"27","author":"DP Bernstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bernstein, D. P. et al. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl. 27(2), 169\u2013190 (2003).","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.07.001","volume":"67","author":"M Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi, M. et al. The effect of social support on mental health in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. J. Adolesc. Health 67(4), 514\u2013518 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","volume":"33","author":"PF Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond, P. F. & Lovibond, S. H. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav. Res. Ther. 33(3), 335\u2013343 (1995).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"5062_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000207","volume":"28","author":"K Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Cross-cultural validation of the depression anxiety stress scale-21 in China. Psychol. Assess. 28(5), e88\u2013e100 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"44","key":"5062_CR62","first-page":"776","volume":"107","author":"A Schneider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schneider, A., Hommel, G. & Blettner, M. Linear regression analysis: Part 14 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 107(44), 776\u2013782 (2010).","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"5062_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5b00206","volume":"55","author":"DL Alexander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alexander, D. L., Tropsha, A. & Winkler, D. A. Beware of R(2): Simple, unambiguous assessment of the prediction accuracy of QSAR and QSPR models. J. Chem. Inf. Model 55(7), 1316\u20131322 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model"},{"key":"5062_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542","volume":"58","author":"DP MacKinnon","year":"2007","unstructured":"MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J. & Fritz, M. S. Mediation analysis. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58, 593\u2013614 (2007).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20230005","volume":"75","author":"JL Saavedra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saavedra, J. L. et al. The cascade of care for early psychosis detection in a college counseling center. Psychiatr. Serv. 75(2), 161\u2013166 (2024).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"issue":"9","key":"5062_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E563","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115396109","volume":"109","author":"MH Teicher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teicher, M. H., Anderson, C. M. & Polcari, A. Childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced volume in the hippocampal subfields CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109(9), E563-572 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"5062_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.100994","volume":"65","author":"Y Hakamata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hakamata, Y., Suzuki, Y., Kobashikawa, H. & Hori, H. Neurobiology of early life adversity: A systematic review of meta-analyses towards an integrative account of its neurobiological trajectories to mental disorders. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 65, 100994 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1632","volume":"133","author":"N Slopen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Slopen, N., McLaughlin, K. A. & Shonkoff, J. P. Interventions to improve cortisol regulation in children: A systematic review. Pediatrics 133(2), 312\u2013326 (2014).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.06.028","volume":"95","author":"DM Arcego","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arcego, D. M. et al. A Glucocorticoid-sensitive hippocampal gene network moderates the impact of early-life adversity on mental health outcomes. Biol. Psychiatry 95(1), 48\u201361 (2024).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"5062_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.07.025","volume":"98","author":"A Menke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Menke, A. et al. Childhood trauma dependent anxious depression sensitizes HPA axis function. Psychoneuroendocrinology 98, 22\u201329 (2018).","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5062_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0825-3","volume":"19","author":"RJ Herringa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herringa, R. J. Trauma, PTSD, and the developing brain. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 19(10), 69 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"5062_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs088","volume":"39","author":"HL Fisher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fisher, H. L. et al. Pathways between childhood victimization and psychosis-like symptoms in the ALSPAC birth cohort. Schizophr. Bull. 39(5), 1045\u20131055 (2013).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw055","volume":"43","author":"AM Isvoranu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Isvoranu, A. M. et al. A network approach to psychosis: Pathways between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms. Schizophrl. Bull. 43(1), 187\u2013196 (2017).","journal-title":"Schizophrl. Bull."},{"key":"5062_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.067","volume":"374","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal cohort studies on the impact of childhood traumas on anxiety disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 374, 443\u2013459 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"5062_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.03.087","author":"Y Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, Y. et al. Linear and curvilinear association of pain tolerance and social anxiety symptoms among youth with different subtgroups of childhood trauma. J. Affect. Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.03.087 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"5062_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.046","volume":"344","author":"ZJ Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Z. J., Liu, C. Y., Wang, Y. M. & Wang, Y. Childhood psychological maltreatment and adolescent depressive symptoms: Exploring the role of social anxiety and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. J. Affect. Disord. 344, 365\u2013372 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.12.001","volume":"50","author":"C Panter-Brick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Panter-Brick, C., Goodman, A., Tol, W. & Eggerman, M. Mental health and childhood adversities: A longitudinal study in Kabul, Afghanistan. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 50(4), 349\u2013363 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR78","first-page":"8","volume":"32","author":"D Oymak Yenilmez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oymak Yenilmez, D. et al. Relationship between childhood adversities, emotion dysregulation and cognitive processes in bipolar disorder and recurrent depressive disorder. Turk. Psikiyatri. Derg. 32(1), 8\u201316 (2021).","journal-title":"Turk. Psikiyatri. Derg."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002743","volume":"46","author":"M Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, M., D\u2019Arcy, C. & Meng, X. Maltreatment in childhood substantially increases the risk of adult depression and anxiety in prospective cohort studies: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and proportional attributable fractions. Psychol. Med. 46(4), 717\u2013730 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01520-y","volume":"27","author":"AN Tartt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tartt, A. N., Mariani, M. B., Hen, R., Mann, J. J. & Boldrini, M. Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depression: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Mol. Psychiatry 27(6), 2689\u20132699 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.169094","volume":"209","author":"G Gariepy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gariepy, G., Honkaniemi, H. & Quesnel-Vallee, A. Social support and protection from depression: Systematic review of current findings in Western countries. Br. J. Psychiatry 209(4), 284\u2013293 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000511348","volume":"90","author":"SL Dubovsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dubovsky, S. L., Ghosh, B. M., Serotte, J. C. & Cranwell, V. Psychotic depression: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Psychother. Psychosom. 90(3), 160\u2013177 (2021).","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"7","key":"5062_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011","volume":"59","author":"J LeMoult","year":"2020","unstructured":"LeMoult, J. et al. Meta-analysis: Exposure to early life stress and risk for depression in childhood and adolescence. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 59(7), 842\u2013855 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"5062_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104361","volume":"102","author":"KL Humphreys","year":"2020","unstructured":"Humphreys, K. L. et al. Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl. 102, 104361 (2020).","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420001832","volume":"34","author":"E Seo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seo, E. et al. Trait attributions and threat appraisals explain why an entity theory of personality predicts greater internalizing symptoms during adolescence. Dev. Psychopathol. 34(3), 1104\u20131114 (2022).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13268","volume":"143","author":"MT McKay","year":"2021","unstructured":"McKay, M. T. et al. Childhood trauma and adult mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 143(3), 189\u2013205 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000014","volume":"22","author":"Y Dvir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dvir, Y., Ford, J. D., Hill, M. & Frazier, J. A. Childhood maltreatment, emotional dysregulation, and psychiatric comorbidities. Harv. Rev. Psychiatry 22(3), 149\u2013161 (2014).","journal-title":"Harv. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"5062_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.039","volume":"252","author":"LR Steenkamp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Steenkamp, L. R. et al. Childhood trauma and real-world social experiences in psychosis. Schizophr. Res. 252, 279\u2013286 (2023).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1918","volume":"22","author":"B Shahar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shahar, B., Doron, G. & Szepsenwol, O. Childhood maltreatment, shame-proneness and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder: A sequential mediational model. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 22(6), 570\u2013579 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109354930","volume":"25","author":"FM Corrigan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corrigan, F. M., Fisher, J. J. & Nutt, D. J. Autonomic dysregulation and the window of tolerance model of the effects of complex emotional trauma. J. Psychopharmacol. 25(1), 17\u201325 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.09.005","volume":"27","author":"I Myin-Germeys","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myin-Germeys, I. & van Os, J. Stress-reactivity in psychosis: Evidence for an affective pathway to psychosis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 27(4), 409\u2013424 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw031","volume":"42","author":"W Veling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veling, W., Pot-Kolder, R., Counotte, J., van Os, J. & van der Gaag, M. Environmental social stress, paranoia and psychosis liability: A virtual reality study. Schizophr. Bull. 42(6), 1363\u20131371 (2016).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"16","key":"5062_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002208","volume":"46","author":"W Veling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veling, W., Counotte, J., Pot-Kolder, R., van Os, J. & van der Gaag, M. Childhood trauma, psychosis liability and social stress reactivity: A virtual reality study. Psychol. Med. 46(16), 3339\u20133348 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"5062_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.008","volume":"195","author":"J Ohrnberger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ohrnberger, J., Fichera, E. & Sutton, M. The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis. Soc. Sci. Med. 195, 42\u201349 (2017).","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"5062_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.010","volume":"32","author":"DM Barch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barch, D. M. et al. Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 32, 55\u201366 (2018).","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"5062_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.03.019","volume":"62","author":"JN Constantino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Constantino, J. N. Bridging the divide between health and mental health: New opportunity for parity in childhood. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 62(11), 1182\u20131184 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"16","key":"5062_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7504","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723002660","volume":"53","author":"D Bolton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bolton, D. A revitalized biopsychosocial model: Core theory, research paradigms, and clinical implications. Psychol. Med. 53(16), 7504\u20137511 (2023).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00844-2","volume":"12","author":"R Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang, R. et al. Adverse childhood experiences, DNA methylation age acceleration, and cortisol in UK children: A prospective population-based cohort study. Clin. Epigenet. 12(1), 55 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"issue":"8","key":"5062_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00470-2","volume":"42","author":"J Kaufman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaufman, J. et al. The corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge in depressed abused, depressed nonabused, and normal control children. Biol. Psychiatry 42(8), 669\u2013679 (1997).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05062-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05062-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05062-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T11:03:35Z","timestamp":1749207815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05062-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-05062-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The Sixth People\u2019s Hospital of Nantong (NTLYLL2023016). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (Declaration of Helsinki). All participants consented and participated voluntarily.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"19932"}}