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Quadracci Professor in Parkinson\u2019s Research Endowment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of honokiol (HNK), a naturally occurring polyphenol, when conjugated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate. We examined the effects of HNK-SCFA ester conjugates on <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, a gut bacterium that metabolizes levodopa, a drug used to manage Parkinson\u2019s disease symptoms. Our findings indicate that HNK-SCFA-esters (e.g., HNK-acetate, HNK-propionate, HNK-butyrate, and HNK-hexanoate) inhibit <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> growth in a dose-dependent manner, followed by a temporary recovery period during which levodopa remains intact and unmetabolized. Notably, HNK-SCFAs exhibit enhanced cellular permeability and are hydrolyzed within bacterial cells, releasing HNK and SCFAs. These results suggest that HNK-SCFAs may reversibly modulate the gut metabolism of levodopa to dopamine, potentially enhancing its therapeutic efficacy in treating Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05072-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T14:37:40Z","timestamp":1749220660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inhibition of levodopa metabolism to dopamine by honokiol short-chain fatty acid derivatives may enhance therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micael","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy B.","family":"Feix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaraman","family":"Kalyanaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"5072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.095","volume":"108","author":"HH Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, H. 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