{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:33:50Z","timestamp":1776425630449,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Government of Russian Federation (the federal project of Rospotrebnadzor \u201cSanitary shield of the country \u2013health safety (prevention, detection, response)\u201d"},{"name":"the Joint Vietnamese-Russian Tropical Science and Technology Research Center."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05409-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T18:07:52Z","timestamp":1751393272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Parenteral viral hepatitis among students in Da Nang, Vietnam, and insights into new hepatitis B virus genotype B classification"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Kalinina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2835-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeniia V.","family":"Lichnaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4119-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nga T. T.","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3199-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria A.","family":"Starkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6252-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga A.","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4542-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nhai T.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5147-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuong V.","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9085-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Dmitriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5409_CR1","unstructured":"Publication Item. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240091672."},{"key":"5409_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.04.027","volume":"17","author":"T-Y Ou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ou, T.-Y. et al. Global mortality of chronic liver diseases attributable to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections from 1990 to 2019 and projections to 2030. J. Infect Public Health 17, 102443 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Infect Public Health"},{"key":"5409_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30270-X","volume":"4","author":"GS Cooke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cooke, G. S. et al. Accelerating the elimination of viral hepatitis: a lancet gastroenterology & hepatology commission. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4, 135\u2013184 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"5409_CR4","first-page":"100468","volume":"24","author":"B Flower","year":"2022","unstructured":"Flower, B. et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C and D in Vietnam: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Reg. Health West Pac. 24, 100468 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health West Pac."},{"key":"5409_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107327481986380","DOI":"10.1177\/1073274819863802","volume":"26","author":"T Pham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pham, T. et al. Cancers in Vietnam-burden and control efforts: A narrative scoping review. Cancer Control 26, 1073274819863802 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"5409_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1130","volume":"5","author":"S Huy Do","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huy Do, S. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections and Liver Cancer in Vietnam. Euroasian J. Hepatogastroenterol. 5, 49\u201351 (2015).","journal-title":"Euroasian J. Hepatogastroenterol."},{"key":"5409_CR7","unstructured":"Thuvienphapluat. vn. 739\/QD-BYT in Vietnam, Decision 739\/QD-BYT 2015 plan on prevention and fighting against viral hepatitis 2015 2019 in Vietnam. TH\u01af VI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacT https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/EN\/The-thao-Y-te\/Decision-739-QD-BYT-2015-plan-on-prevention-and-fighting-against-viral-hepatitis-2015-2019\/519084\/tieng-anh.aspx."},{"key":"5409_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39027","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039027","volume":"7","author":"L Dunford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunford, L. et al. A multicentre molecular analysis of hepatitis B and blood-borne virus coinfections in Viet Nam. PLoS ONE 7, e39027 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5409_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078094","volume":"8","author":"BT Sy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sy, B. T. et al. High prevalence and significance of hepatitis D virus infection among treatment-na\u00efve HBsAg-positive patients in Northern Vietnam. PLoS ONE 8, e78094 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5409_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.11.004","volume":"32","author":"TH Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen, T. H. et al. A reduction in chronic hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among children in Vietnam demonstrates the importance of vaccination. Vaccine 32, 217\u2013222 (2014).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5409_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1032487","volume":"11","author":"TD Nguyen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nguyen, T. D. et al. Coverage of the expanded program on immunization in Vietnam: Results from 2 cluster surveys and routine reports. Hum. Vac. Immunother. 11, 1526\u20131533 (2015).","journal-title":"Hum. Vac. Immunother."},{"key":"5409_CR12","unstructured":"RS-2020-GE-36-virtual-eng.pdf."},{"key":"5409_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2360-6","volume":"17","author":"A Berto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berto, A. et al. Current challenges and possible solutions to improve access to care and treatment for hepatitis C infection in Vietnam: a systematic review. BMC Infect. Dis. 17, 260 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"5409_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00386-7","volume":"8","author":"F Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, F. et al. Global reporting of progress towards elimination of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8, 332\u2013342 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"5409_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/v17010034","volume":"17","author":"A Kaewdech","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaewdech, A., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P. & Piratvisuth, T. Asian perspective on hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus elimination. Viruses 17, 34 (2024).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"5409_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-8-2059","volume":"83","author":"P Arauz-Ruiz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arauz-Ruiz, P., Norder, H., Robertson, B. H. & Magnius, L. O. Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America. J. Gen. Virol. 83, 2059\u20132073 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"5409_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25232","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025232","volume":"6","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramachandran, S. et al. Evaluation of intra-host variants of the entire hepatitis B virus genome. PLoS ONE 6, e25232 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5409_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999","volume":"73","author":"KS Lole","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lole, K. S. et al. Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination. J. Virol. 73, 152\u2013160 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"5409_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87860-1","volume":"11","author":"M Miyakawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miyakawa, M. et al. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant mothers and children after the introduction of the universal vaccination program in Central Vietnam. Sci. Rep. 11, 8676 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"51","key":"5409_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2023.2221132","volume":"1995","author":"NT Cam Huong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cam Huong, N. T. et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in health checkup participants: a cross-sectional study at University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Hosp. Pract 1995(51), 163\u2013167 (2023).","journal-title":"Hosp. Pract"},{"key":"5409_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jve.2022.100309","volume":"8","author":"K Komada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Komada, K. et al. Impact of hepatitis B vaccination programs in Vietnam evaluated by estimating HBsAg prevalence. J. Virus Erad. 8, 100309 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Virus Erad."},{"key":"5409_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18035","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.35","volume":"4","author":"M-F Yuen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuen, M.-F. et al. Hepatitis B virus infection. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 4, 18035 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"5409_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1928461","volume":"17","author":"X Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, X. et al. Analysis of epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B virus among people under 29 years of age in Jiangsu Province, China. Hum. Vac. Immunother. 17, 3729\u20133734 (2021).","journal-title":"Hum. Vac. Immunother."},{"key":"5409_CR24","first-page":"100620","volume":"30","author":"TND Pham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pham, T. N. D. et al. Establishing baseline framework for hepatitis B virus micro-elimination in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - A community-based seroprevalence study. Lancet Reg. Health West. Pac. 30, 100620 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health West. Pac."},{"issue":"3","key":"5409_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12350","volume":"45","author":"SH Do","year":"2015","unstructured":"Do, S. H. et al. High prevalences of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults living in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Hepatol. Res. 45(3), 259\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.12350 (2015).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"5409_CR26","first-page":"97","volume":"10","author":"TH Duong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duong, T. H. et al. Risk factors for hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 10(1), 97\u2013102 (2009).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"5409_CR27","unstructured":"Thuvienphapluat. vn. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 4531\/Q\u0110-BYT 2021 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam gan vi r\u00fat giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2021 2025. TH\u01af VI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacT https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/The-thao-Y-te\/Quyet-dinh-4531-QD-BYT-2021-Ke-hoach-phong-chong-benh-viem-gan-vi-rut-giai-doan-2021-2025-489252.aspx (2021)."},{"key":"5409_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8047","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26446-w","volume":"8","author":"MT Binh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Binh, M. T. et al. HDV infection rates in northern Vietnam. Sci. Rep. 8, 8047 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"5409_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175304","volume":"12","author":"HM Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen, H. M. et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis delta virus among chronic hepatitis B carriers in Central Vietnam. PLoS ONE 12, e0175304 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5409_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05010.x","volume":"22","author":"VT-T Nguyen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nguyen, V.T.-T., McLaws, M.-L. & Dore, G. J. Highly endemic hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 22, 2093\u20132100 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"5409_CR31","first-page":"100524","volume":"27","author":"TV Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, T. V. et al. Demonstration of a population-based HCV serosurvey in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: Establishing baseline prevalence of and continuum of care for HCV micro-elimination by 2030. Lancet Reg. Health West. Pac. 27, 100524 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health West. Pac."},{"key":"5409_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041266","volume":"7","author":"L Dunford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunford, L. et al. Hepatitis C virus in Vietnam: high prevalence of infection in dialysis and multi-transfused patients involving diverse and novel virus variants. PLoS ONE 7, e41266 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5409_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020346","volume":"13","author":"NX Hoan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoan, N. X. et al. Predominance of HBV genotype B and HDV genotype 1 in Vietnamese patients with chronic hepatitis. Viruses 13, 346 (2021).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"5409_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177248","volume":"12","author":"J Matsuo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matsuo, J. et al. Clustering infection of hepatitis B virus genotype B4 among residents in Vietnam, and its genomic characters both intra- and extra-family. PLoS ONE 12, e0177248 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5409_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2697-x","volume":"17","author":"TTT Bui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bui, T. T. T. et al. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in Vietnam. BMC Infect. Dis. 17, 601 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"5409_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21978","volume":"83","author":"CH Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen, C. H. et al. Prevalence of HBV infection among different HIV-risk groups in Hai Phong, Vietnam. J. Med. Virol. 83, 399\u2013404 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"5409_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i1.126","volume":"22","author":"Z-H Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.-H. et al. Genetic variation of hepatitis B virus and its significance for pathogenesis. World J. Gastroenterol. 22, 126\u2013144 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"5409_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i16.1708","volume":"24","author":"Y-M Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi, Y.-M., Lee, S.-Y. & Kim, B.-J. Naturally occurring hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase mutations related to potential antiviral drug resistance and liver disease progression. World J. Gastroenterol. 24, 1708\u20131724 (2018).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"5409_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102393","volume":"12","author":"PT Ho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho, P. T. et al. Characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotype and sub-genotype in hepatocellular cancer patients in Vietnam. Diagnostics 12, 2393 (2022).","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"5409_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6620","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i41.6620","volume":"12","author":"MJ Tong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tong, M. J., Blatt, L. M., Kao, J.-H., Cheng, J. T. & Corey, W. G. Precore\/basal core promoter mutants and hepatitis B viral DNA levels as predictors for liver deaths and hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 12, 6620\u20136626 (2006).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"5409_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2024.148718","volume":"927","author":"Y Mo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mo, Y. et al. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Huzhou City, eastern China. Gene 927, 148718 (2024).","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"3","key":"5409_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-010-9203-5","volume":"4","author":"MD Thedja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thedja, M. D. et al. Occult hepatitis B in blood donors in Indonesia: altered antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus surface protein. Hepatol. Int. 4(3), 608\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-010-9203-5 (2010).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"5409_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90432","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090432","volume":"9","author":"D Saha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saha, D. et al. Molecular characterization of HBV strains circulating among the treatment-naive HIV\/HBV co-infected patients of eastern India. PLoS ONE 9(2), e90432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0090432 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"5409_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24641","volume":"89","author":"I Baudi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baudi, I. et al. Molecular epidemiology of co-infection with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adult patients in Harare, Zimbabwe. J. Med. Virol. 89(2), 257\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.24641 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"5409_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2023.101156","volume":"29","author":"M Bubonja-\u0160onje","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bubonja-\u0160onje, M. et al. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection and characterisation of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants among adults in western Croatia. Ann. Hepatol. 29(1), 101156 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"5409_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05727.x","volume":"24","author":"GT Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar, G. T. et al. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatitis B surface antigen mutations in family contacts of hepatitis B virus infected patients with occult hepatitis B virus infection. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 24(4), 588\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05727.x (2009).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"5409_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0291378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291378","volume":"18","author":"BK Langat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Langat, B. K. et al. Genetic diversity, haplotype analysis, and prevalence of Hepatitis B virus MHR mutations among isolates from Kenyan blood donors. PLoS ONE 18(11), e0291378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0291378 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"5409_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0207124","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02071-24","volume":"63","author":"S Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song, S. et al. Identification and characteristics of mutations promoting occult HBV infection by ultrasensitive HBsAg assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 63(5), e0207124 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"5409_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24045","volume":"87","author":"E Darmawan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Darmawan, E. et al. Seroepidemiology and occult hepatitis B virus infection in young adults in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. J. Med. Virol. 87(2), 199\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.24045 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"5409_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-016-9764-z","volume":"11","author":"H Gunardi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gunardi, H. et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in children of HBV-related chronic liver disease patients: a study of intra-familial HBV transmission. Hepatol. Int. 11(1), 96\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-016-9764-z (2017).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"5409_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-025-06305-6","volume":"170","author":"H da Silva","year":"2025","unstructured":"da Silva, H. et al. Genotypes, subtypes, and genetic variability of hepatitis B virus from blood donors in Timor-Leste. Arch. Virol. 170(6), 119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-025-06305-6 (2025).","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"5409_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1246","volume":"293","author":"J Torresi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torresi, J. et al. Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy. Virology 293(2), 305\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/viro.2001.1246 (2002).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"43","key":"5409_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.030","volume":"35","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Molecular evolution of hepatitis B vaccine escape variants in China, during 2000\u20132016. Vaccine 35(43), 5808\u20135813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.030 (2017).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"5409_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13020174","volume":"13","author":"G Zhong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhong, G. et al. Increasing prevalence of occult HBV infection in adults vaccinated against hepatitis B at birth. Vaccines (Basel) 13(2), 174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines13020174 (2025).","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5409_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14046","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.14046","volume":"32","author":"B Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, B. et al. Misuse of the lower limit of detection in HBV DNA testing and anti-HBe positive status will significantly impact the diagnosis of occult HBV infection. J. Viral Hepat. 32(1), e14046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.14046 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"issue":"4","key":"5409_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15040486","volume":"15","author":"AS Alshrari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alshrari, A. S. et al. Prevalence and transfusion risks of occult hepatitis B infection among HBcAb-positive blood donors in a high-endemic region. Diagnostics (Basel) 15(4), 486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15040486 (2025).","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"5409_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-12-3141","volume":"73","author":"H Norder","year":"1992","unstructured":"Norder, H., Courouc\u00e9, A. M. & Magnius, L. O. Molecular basis of hepatitis B virus serotype variations within the four major subtypes. J. Gen. Virol. 73(Pt 12), 3141\u20133145 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"5409_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06353-11","volume":"86","author":"C Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, C. et al. Amino acid substitutions at positions 122 and 145 of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) determine the antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBsAg and influence in vivo HBsAg clearance. J. Virol. 86, 4658\u20134669 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"5409_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.01.030","volume":"427","author":"W Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi, W. et al. Identification of novel inter-genotypic recombinants of human hepatitis B viruses by large-scale phylogenetic analysis. Virology 427, 51\u201359 (2012).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"5409_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5985","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.12.5985-5992.2002","volume":"76","author":"F Sugauchi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sugauchi, F. et al. Hepatitis B virus of genotype B with or without recombination with genotype C over the precore region plus the core gene. J. Virol. 76, 5985\u20135992 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"5409_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.08.024","volume":"36","author":"NM Araujo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Araujo, N. M. Hepatitis B virus intergenotypic recombinants worldwide: An overview. Infect. Genet. Evol. 36, 500\u2013510 (2015).","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"5409_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1086\/523111","volume":"196","author":"T Sakamoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakamoto, T. et al. Classification of hepatitis B virus genotype B into 2 major types based on characterization of a novel subgenotype in Arctic indigenous populations. J. Infect Dis. 196, 1487\u20131492 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Infect Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"5409_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-116","volume":"27","author":"W Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi, W. et al. Subgenotype reclassification of genotype B hepatitis B virus. BMC Gastroenterol. 27(12), 116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-230X-12-116 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"3","key":"5409_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001387","volume":"101","author":"AL McNaughton","year":"2020","unstructured":"McNaughton, A. L. et al. Analysis of genomic-length HBV sequences to determine genotype and subgenotype reference sequences. J. Gen. Virol. 101(3), 271\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jgv.0.001387 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05409-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05409-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05409-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T19:11:01Z","timestamp":1751397061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05409-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-05409-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21589"}}