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However, young adults vary widely in their susceptibility to peer influence. What neural processes relate to this susceptibility? We examined whether activity in brain regions associated with social rewards and making sense of others\u2019 minds relates to a common health behavior\u2014drinking, following conversations about alcohol. We studied ten social groups of college students (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009104 students; 4760 total observations) across two university campuses. We collected whole-brain fMRI data while participants viewed photographs of peers with whom they tended to drink at varying frequencies. Next, using ecological momentary assessment, we tracked alcohol conversations and drinking twice daily for 28 days. On average, talking about alcohol was associated with a higher likelihood of next-day drinking. Controlling for baseline drinking, participants who responded more strongly to peers with whom they drank alcohol more frequently\u2014in brain regions associated with social rewards and mentalizing\u2014showed a stronger, positive association between alcohol conversations and next-day drinking. Conversely, stronger neural responses to peers with whom they drank less frequently decoupled associations between alcohol conversations and next-day drinking. We conceptually replicate prior findings linking conversations and drinking in an observational, longitudinal setting and provide new evidence that neural responses to peers moderate links between alcohol conversations and drinking behavior among young adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05846-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T09:11:10Z","timestamp":1753348270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neural responses to peers moderate conversation-drinking associations in daily life"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3634-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Jovanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8373-7332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidia","family":"Stanoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6567-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christin","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Dor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8956-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Cosme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5564-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoona","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4672-5461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6549-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6183-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani S.","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Mucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8702-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Lydon-Staley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8532-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin N.","family":"Ochsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6383-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily B.","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"5846_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015","volume":"55","author":"RB Cialdini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cialdini, R. 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First, we obtained the predicted gender of the first and last author of each reference (excluding software package citations) by using databases that store the probability of a first name being carried by a woman (). By this measure (and excluding self-citations to the first and last authors of our current paper), our non-software references contain 28% woman(first)\/woman(last), 27% man\/woman, 14% woman\/man, and 31% man\/man. This method is limited in that names used to construct the databases may not, in every case, be indicative of gender identity and cannot account for intersex, non-binary, or transgender people.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Citation statement"}},{"value":"Mindful that our identities can influence our approach to science, the authors wish to provide the reader with information about our backgrounds. With respect to gender, when the manuscript was drafted, eight authors self-identified as women, one as non-binary, and four as men. With respect to race, 12 authors self-identified as white and one as Asian. With respect to engagement with college students, when this study was conducted, two authors were doctoral students who teach and\/or mentor other students, three authors were postdoctoral researchers or research scientists who teach and\/or mentor students, and eight authors were professors who teach and\/or mentor students.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Positionality statement"}},{"value":"All research and experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the Human Subjects Electronic Research Application (HSERA) Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Pennsylvania and acknowledged by the Human Research Protection Office of the Department of Defense. All participants provided informed consent before taking part in the study and all participants were financially compensated.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declaration"}}],"article-number":"26914"}}