{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:05:12Z","timestamp":1772136312814,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05899-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:23:38Z","timestamp":1751387018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of antiemetic steroid use on survival in small cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-2633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soh Mee","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7877-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonghyun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5037-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2261-7330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Yeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5899_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.07.004","volume":"18","author":"YK Chae","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chae, Y. K. et al. Recent advances and future strategies for immune-checkpoint inhibition in small-cell lung cancer. Clin. Lung Cancer. 18, 132\u2013140 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Lung Cancer"},{"key":"5899_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00235-0","volume":"7","author":"CM Rudin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rudin, C. M., Brambilla, E., Faivre-Finn, C. & Sage, J. Small-cell lung cancer. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 7, 3 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"5899_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.10.003","volume":"14","author":"N Ready","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ready, N. et al. Third-line nivolumab monotherapy in recurrent SCLC: checkmate 032. J. Thorac. Oncol. 14, 237\u2013244 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"5899_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.12.109","volume":"15","author":"HC Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung, H. C. et al. Pembrolizumab after two or more lines of previous therapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic SCLC: results from the KEYNOTE-028 and KEYNOTE-158 studies. J. Thorac. Oncol. 15, 618\u2013627 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"5899_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809064","volume":"379","author":"L Horn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horn, L. et al. First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 2220\u20132229 (2018).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"5899_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30539-8","volume":"22","author":"JW Goldman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goldman, J. W. et al. Durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide alone in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): updated results from a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 22, 51\u201365 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"5899_CR7","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2024). https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/sclc.pdf (accessed 30 Sep)."},{"key":"5899_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02453-2","volume":"69","author":"BE Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson, B. E., Routy, B., Nagrial, A. & Chin, V. T. The effect of antibiotics on clinical outcomes in immune-checkpoint blockade: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 69, 343\u2013354 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother"},{"key":"5899_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070076","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1070076","volume":"14","author":"S Lopes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lopes, S. et al. Do proton pump inhibitors alter the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients? A meta-analysis. Front. Immunol. 14, 1070076 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"5899_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030546","volume":"12","author":"F Petrelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petrelli, F. et al. Association of steroids use with survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers. 12, 546 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"5899_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01296","volume":"38","author":"PJ Hesketh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hesketh, P. J. et al. Antiemetics: ASCO guideline update. J. Clin. Oncol. 38, 2782\u20132797 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"5899_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7142","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7142","volume":"13","author":"SM Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park, S. M., Kim, Y. J. & Lee, J. Y. Inconsistency in steroid use as antiemetics in clinical trial protocols involving immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy. Cancer Med. 13, e7142 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"5899_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrstedt, J. et al. 2023 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. ESMO Open. 102195 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.102195"},{"key":"5899_CR14","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2024). https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/antiemesis.pdf. Accessed September 30."},{"key":"5899_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824645","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1824645","volume":"9","author":"A Drakaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drakaki, A. et al. Association of baseline systemic corticosteroid use with overall survival and time to next treatment in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in real-world US oncology practice for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, or urothelial carcinoma. OncoImmunology. 9, 1824645 (2020).","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"5899_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1641390","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1641390","volume":"8","author":"WJ Aston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aston, W. J. et al. Dexamethasone differentially depletes tumour and peripheral blood lymphocytes and can impact the efficacy of chemotherapy\/checkpoint Blockade combination treatment. OncoImmunology. 8, e1641390 (2019).","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"5899_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-023-00235-6","volume":"11","author":"KCC Johnson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johnson, K. C. C. et al. The Immunomodulatory effects of dexamethasone on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for Triple-Negative breast Cancer. Oncol. Ther. 11, 361\u2013374 (2023).","journal-title":"Oncol. Ther."},{"key":"5899_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111138","volume":"125","author":"H Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, H. et al. Impact of prophylactic dexamethasone on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small-Cell lung cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol. 125, 111138 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"5899_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy551","volume":"30","author":"KM Heinhuis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heinhuis, K. M. et al. Enhancing antitumor response by combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy in solid tumors. Ann. Oncol. 30, 219\u2013235 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"5899_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221146528","volume":"29","author":"J Tieri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tieri, J. et al. Tolerability and efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy when administered with a corticosteroid-free anti-emetic regimen. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 29, 1661\u20131666 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"5899_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.10.001","volume":"125","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, T. et al. Pre-existing pulmonary fibrosis is a risk factor for anti-PD-1-related pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis. Lung Cancer. 125, 212\u2013217 (2018).","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"5899_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2021.01.014","volume":"22","author":"IA Dobre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dobre, I. A. et al. Outcomes of patients with interstitial lung disease receiving programmed cell death 1 inhibitors: A retrospective case series. Clin. Lung Cancer. 22, e738\u2013e44 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Lung Cancer"},{"key":"5899_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01808","volume":"40","author":"D Laenens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laenens, D. et al. Incidence of cardiovascular events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J. Clin. Oncol. 40, 3430\u20133438 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"5899_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00841-0","volume":"18","author":"A Tison","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tison, A. et al. Immune-checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 18, 641\u2013656 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"5899_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04133-8","volume":"149","author":"ZN Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding, Z. N. et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition: systematic review with meta-analysis. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 149, 1993\u20132008 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"5899_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, Z. et al. Effect of concomitant use of analgesics on prognosis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Immunol. 13 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.861723"},{"key":"5899_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.03.063","volume":"106","author":"M Tsikala-Vafea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsikala-Vafea, M., Belani, N., Vieira, K., Khan, H. & Farmakiotis, D. Use of antibiotics is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 106, 142\u2013154 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"5899_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002261","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002261","volume":"9","author":"DV Maslov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maslov, D. V. et al. Timing of steroid initiation and response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic cancer. J. Immunother. Cancer. 9, e002261 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"5899_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000457","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2018-000457","volume":"4","author":"G Fuc\u00e0","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fuc\u00e0, G. et al. Modulation of peripheral blood immune cells by early use of steroids and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. ESMO Open. 4, e000457 (2019).","journal-title":"ESMO Open."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05899-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05899-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05899-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:23:40Z","timestamp":1751387020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-05899-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-05899-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5654982\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22108"}}